US3125440A - Tlbr b - Google Patents

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US3125440A
US3125440A US3125440DA US3125440A US 3125440 A US3125440 A US 3125440A US 3125440D A US3125440D A US 3125440DA US 3125440 A US3125440 A US 3125440A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
steel
ladle
metal
vessel
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/113—Treating the molten metal by vacuum treating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/147—Multi-strand plants

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for converting mol-ten metal such as liquid steel into semiinished products such as billets and slabs.
  • -lt is the object of the invention to produce semii'inished steel characterized by a lower incidence of surface and internal defects than has been attainable heretofore by conventional methods. Attempts have been made to red-ucc the occurrence of certain types of defects but have led to an increase in defects of other types. Our invention not only reduces the occurrence of defects generally but yalso increases the product yield.
  • Our method comprises pouring liquid metal from a transport ladle first into a vacuum degassing chamber mamtained at low pressure and then, after making the desired alloy additions thereto, int-o a stationary pouring vessel. From a side port in this vessel, metal emerges through a generally horizontal, water-cooled tubular mold, thereby forming one or more shaped masses continuous in length so long as a supply of molten metal is maintained in the vessel. These masses may be out into the desired lengths for finish rolling.
  • ⁇ FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic central vertical section through the apparatus of our invention.
  • FIGURES 2. and 3 are portions of FIGURE l to an enlarged scale
  • FIGURES 4 and 5 are partial sections taken along the planes of lines IV-IV and V-V, respectively, of FIG- URE 1, the latter showing la modification.
  • the chamber is generally similar to a ladle in that it is a refractory-lined vessel of metal plate, and has a bottom pouring spout 12 as Well as 4a conventional stopper 13.
  • the chamber has a removable top 14 with adequate sealing means to permit the establishment b-y evacuation of ia low absolute pressure, such as 100 microns of mercury, in the chamber.
  • an exhaust pipe :15 extends from the cover to :a suitable vacuum pump. The pipe is fitted with a detachable connection 16 to be described in detail later.
  • the cover also has a sight tube 17 fitted thereto and a charging box 18 for alloy additions.
  • Box 18 has a tilting plate 19 therein and a removable, vacuum-tight cover ⁇ 20. ⁇ On tilting of the plate by means accessible on the exterior of the box, a charge of alloy addition placed thereon While the cover is removed, is permitted to slide down chute 21 connecting the box to top l14.
  • the top also has an inlet port 22 therein froml which a neck 23 extends upwardly.
  • Neck 23 is adapted to support a conventional refractory-lined, bottom-pour transport ladle 25 when placed thereon with its spout 26 centered in the neck.
  • the ladle 3,125,440 Patented Mar. 17, 1964 "lee has a conventional stopper indicated at 27.
  • the neck comprises a refractory-lined pipe 23 Welded to cover 14 and a stack of metal rings 29 each having -a circumferential shoulder or ange adapted to receive a compressible seal ring 30 of rubber or like material.
  • the bottom ring 29 is welded to pipe 28 and .the remaining rings are loose thereon.
  • Rings 30 A are compressed by the Weight of ladle 25 and its contents and thus ⁇ effect a vacuum-tight seal between rings 29 as they come into bearing contact with each other.
  • This sealing structure is also described and claimed in Patent 3,091,265 of Clarence P. Ulstad, dated May 28, 1963.
  • Connection 16 is similar to neck .23 but has suitable clamping means, e.g., bolts, for rendering the seals elective.
  • a pouring lvessel 31 is supported below chamber 10 -on a frame 32.
  • Vessel 31 is a refractory-lined metal plate structure 4with a heating coil 33 embedded in the lining.
  • the coil may be an electricresistance or induction coil or a tube for the passage of hot combustion gases.
  • the vessel ⁇ 31 has a removable top 34 thereon provided with an inlet port 35 alined with spout 12 and a sight tube 36.
  • a refractory-lined nozzle pipe 37 extends downwardly from chamber 10 for mating with a refractory-lined inlet pipe 381 opstanding on top 34, as best shown in FIGURE 3.
  • a plate 39 of aluminum is secured to the bottom of pipe 37 to close it during evacuation of chamber 10.
  • a valved gassupply pipe 41 extends laterally from pipe 37.
  • Vessel 31 has an outlet port 42 on one side adjacent the bottom, A .tubular water-cooled mold -43 is positioned generally horizontally to receive metalf-rom port 42. A :spacer ring 44 of thermal insulation is placed between the port and the mold. A starting bar 45 closes the mold prior to the beginning of operations. Pinch rolls 46 driven by Ia motor 47 serve to move the bar horizontally and draw out a continuous casting o-f metal from vessel 31 which is shaped and frozen at least on the exterior, on passing through the mold. Motor 47 is controlled by a device 48 in accord with the signal from a radiation-sensitive cell 49, focused on the issuing casting.
  • the bottom of vessel 31 slopes toward the center as shown in FIGURE 4 and also away 4from port 42 toward a drain outlet 50.
  • the balance may be drained by removal of a refractory plug 5-1 in outlet 50110 prevent formation of a slcull.
  • Mold 43 may have a single cavity or passage, but for greater production, we may use the ⁇ arrangement of FIG- URE 5 wherein a refractory-lined header 52, with a heating coil 53 embedded in the lining thereof, receives liquid metal from outlet 42 yand conducts it to a plurality of water-cooled molds 54.
  • the latter may be all alike or of different sizes and shapes.
  • inert gas such as argon may be admitted under the requisite pressure through pipe 41 to pipe 37 and thence into the molten metal in chamber by cracking stopper 13.
  • stopper 13 is opened fully and steel flows through pipe 37, melts plate 39, and then fiows through pipe 3S. It then enters into outlet 42 and rises in vessel 31, filling it to a predetermined level. Gas supplied through pipe 41 maintains an inert atmosphere above the surface of the metal.
  • the additions could be finely divided, uidized by proper means, and conveyed into the bath by means of a gas stream passing through a lance inserted through the vacuum-tank cover 14.
  • the gas passing through the lance must not be reactive with the metal in the bath.
  • pinch rolls 46 are started to extract bar 45 and start a casting through the mold 43.
  • the casting may be sent through a stand of rolls (not shown) suitable to effect a slight reduction in section and then, after solidification, which may be aided by Water sprays, cut into the desired lengths.
  • Our invention has the advantage that it substantially reduces the incidence of surface and internal defects in semi-finished steel. Another advantage is an increase in yield per ton of molten metal. By making alloy additions in the degassing chamber and only after the steel has been degassed, instead of in the furnace, we avoid the dirty steel sometimes resulting from furnace additions. Instead of the latter, when the amounts of the residual elements (sulphur and phosphorus) have been sufficiently reduced, we tap the heat without additions into the ladle. The carbon content of the bath, however, for reasons which will be explained later, must be slightly greater than that specificed for the order.
  • the temperature of the zone just ahead of the mold be maintained above the melting point of the steel being processed. Unless this temperature level is maintained, skulling or freezing of the metal can occur, and tearing of the cast section will result. It is critical that freezing of the metal take place in the mold only and not in the vessel 31, especially in the outlet 42 just ahead of the mold.
  • Producing semi-finished or finished product by our method eliminates several sources of diiculty that are encountered with normal processing procedures.
  • This direct conversion of liquid steel to finished or semi-finished product also eliminates other sources of difficulties, such as slivers and scabs resulting from sloppy pouring of ingots, or from the use of molds with a rough or defective surface; cracks resulting from the long delivery of air-hardening steel; and burnt steel resulting from overheating of ingots in preparation for rolling.
  • steel is normally produced to one of three practices, that is, killed, semi-killed, or open steel, the open steels being rimmed or capped.
  • To produce steel to each of these three classifications requires a different and critical control in normal processing if acceptable product is to be obtained. With our invention, no difference in melting practice is required. The reason for this is that the gas concentration of the steel is reduced to a low uniform level in the chamber 10. This is possible because subsequent handling and steel structure are not dependent on controlling the gas concentrations in the metal to obtain acceptable product and high metal yields.
  • the liquid steel as it chills to form a solid section in the mold, will have no pipe cavity, because a ferrostatic head of liquid metal prevails at all times and forces liquid metal into the center of the solidifying section.
  • the process has built into it what amounts to a continuous hot-topping operation. Because of the low gas content and the continuous hot-topping action, normal difficulties that fall into the categories of micro-cleanliness, pipe and center porosity, and segregation are reduced. Finally, if from l0 to 25% reduction of the section is performed by a second set of rolls, center porosity is eliminated.
  • This additional rolling is preferably done when about of the ingot has solidified.
  • the depth to which the ingot has solidified should be about 3.6 inches when the additional rolling is done.
  • a method of degassing steel in a closed vacuum chamber having a top inlet and a stoppered bottom outlet which comprises placing alloy additions in an enclosure communicating with said chamber, evacuating the chamber, placing on the chamber a ladle having a bottom outlet and containing molten steel of a higher carbon content than that desired in the nal product, sealing the ladle outlet to the chamber inlet, teeming steel from said ladle into said chamber, holding the steel in the chamber for the time necessary to effect carbon deoxidation of the steel, then releasing said alloy additions from said enclosure into the steel in said chamber While maintaining a high vacuum therein, cracking the stopper in the chamber outlet, draining steel into a pouring vessel through a pipe connecting said chamber to said vessel and admitting inert gas under pressure to said pipe.
  • Apparatus for teeming molten metal comprising a pouring Vessel having a removable cover, a bottom outlet and a top inlet,
  • a closed degassing chamber above said vessel having a removable cover, a bottom outlet detachably connectible to said pouring-vessel inlet and a top inlet engageable by the bottom outlet of a transport ladle,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US3125440D 1960-12-27 Tlbr b Expired - Lifetime US3125440A (en)

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US7855160A 1960-12-27 1960-12-27

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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324935A (en) * 1963-05-25 1967-06-13 Alfred J Wertli Induction furnace for horizontal, continuous metal casting
US3332474A (en) * 1963-03-02 1967-07-25 Midvale Heppenstall Company Apparatus and method for continuous vacuum degassing and casting of steel and other metals
US3337330A (en) * 1964-08-14 1967-08-22 Finkl & Sons Co Treatment of molten metal
US3375862A (en) * 1962-01-12 1968-04-02 Tsnii Tchornoy Metallourgiy I Machine for the continuous pouring of steel
US3380509A (en) * 1964-08-17 1968-04-30 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Method of pressure treatment of metallic melts, especially steel melts
US3392009A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-07-09 Union Carbide Corp Method of producing low carbon, non-aging, deep drawing steel
US3402757A (en) * 1964-11-24 1968-09-24 United Steel Companies Ltd Method for continuous casting of steel through a closed gas filled chamber
US3408059A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-10-29 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for stream degassing molten metal
US3451594A (en) * 1966-05-17 1969-06-24 Sigmund W Stewart Tundish nozzle construction
US3459537A (en) * 1966-08-25 1969-08-05 United States Steel Corp Continuously cast steel slabs and method of making same
US3465811A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-09 Est Aciers Fins Plants for the continuous casting of steel
US3467168A (en) * 1966-04-25 1969-09-16 Oglebay Norton Co Continuous casting apparatus and method including mold lubrication,heat transfer,and vibration
US3472503A (en) * 1966-02-01 1969-10-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Vacuum degassing apparatus for molten metals
FR2039129A1 (en(2012)) * 1969-03-14 1971-01-15 Armco Steel Corp
US3677332A (en) * 1969-06-13 1972-07-18 George A Smiernow Vacuum casting process
US3692443A (en) * 1970-10-29 1972-09-19 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for atomizing molten metal
US3700026A (en) * 1969-12-25 1972-10-24 Daido Steel Co Ltd Ingot casting apparatus
US3752218A (en) * 1969-03-21 1973-08-14 Ashmore Benson Pease & Co Ltd Continuous casting moulds
US3764124A (en) * 1971-04-02 1973-10-09 Usinor Pouring vessel-caisson for treating molten metal in a regulated atmosphere
US3841867A (en) * 1969-10-15 1974-10-15 British Steel Corp Alloying steels
US3845809A (en) * 1965-11-15 1974-11-05 Est Aciers Fins Means for the continuous casting of steel
US3895937A (en) * 1971-07-16 1975-07-22 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk Dynamic vacuum treatment to produce aluminum alloys
US3921704A (en) * 1973-11-12 1975-11-25 Sumitomo Metal Ind Oxidation-free casting apparatus for continuous casting
US3991813A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-11-16 Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget Melt casting apparatus
US4027722A (en) * 1963-02-01 1977-06-07 Airco, Inc. Electron beam furnace
US4102386A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Casting apparatus
US4872648A (en) * 1987-08-11 1989-10-10 Technometal Gesellschaft Fur Metalltechnologie Mbh Reaction vessel for processing steel
US5395094A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-03-07 Premelt Pump, Inc. Means of conveying molten metal from one place to another in a metal-melting furnace with simultaneous alloying of the melt
US5645121A (en) * 1996-01-05 1997-07-08 National Steel Corporation Method of continuous casting using sealed tundish and improved tundish seal
US10549340B2 (en) * 2016-09-27 2020-02-04 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh Method for multiple casting of metal strands

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3502133A (en) * 1967-03-03 1970-03-24 Reynolds Metals Co Continuous casting method and apparatus for controlling freeze line location
US3568756A (en) * 1968-03-20 1971-03-09 Ashmore Benson Pease & Co Ltd Tundish having outlet nozzle comprising a swivellable terminal portion

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US493047A (en) * 1893-03-07 simpson
US1277523A (en) * 1916-03-06 1918-09-03 Trygve D Yensen Magnetic iron product and method of making same.
US2253421A (en) * 1938-09-20 1941-08-19 Mare Baltzar E L De Method and apparatus for deoxidizing and degasifying liquid steel
US2371604A (en) * 1941-08-16 1945-03-20 Joseph B Brennan Method of and apparatus for making metal wire, rod, strip, and the like
US2569150A (en) * 1948-05-07 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Casting method and apparatus
US2776204A (en) * 1952-01-22 1957-01-01 Nat Res Corp Production of metals
US2837790A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-06-10 Ford Motor Co Process for degassing ferrous metals
US2859262A (en) * 1955-09-05 1958-11-04 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Apparatus for degasifying liquid metal
US2882570A (en) * 1956-05-22 1959-04-21 Joseph B Brennan Continuous vacuum casting
US2961722A (en) * 1958-10-29 1960-11-29 Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab Casting molten material in a vacuum
US3019275A (en) * 1957-11-26 1962-01-30 Heraeus Gmbh W C Apparatus for heating molten metals in a vacuum chamber

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US493047A (en) * 1893-03-07 simpson
US1277523A (en) * 1916-03-06 1918-09-03 Trygve D Yensen Magnetic iron product and method of making same.
US2253421A (en) * 1938-09-20 1941-08-19 Mare Baltzar E L De Method and apparatus for deoxidizing and degasifying liquid steel
US2371604A (en) * 1941-08-16 1945-03-20 Joseph B Brennan Method of and apparatus for making metal wire, rod, strip, and the like
US2569150A (en) * 1948-05-07 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Casting method and apparatus
US2776204A (en) * 1952-01-22 1957-01-01 Nat Res Corp Production of metals
US2837790A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-06-10 Ford Motor Co Process for degassing ferrous metals
US2859262A (en) * 1955-09-05 1958-11-04 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Apparatus for degasifying liquid metal
US2882570A (en) * 1956-05-22 1959-04-21 Joseph B Brennan Continuous vacuum casting
US3019275A (en) * 1957-11-26 1962-01-30 Heraeus Gmbh W C Apparatus for heating molten metals in a vacuum chamber
US2961722A (en) * 1958-10-29 1960-11-29 Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab Casting molten material in a vacuum

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375862A (en) * 1962-01-12 1968-04-02 Tsnii Tchornoy Metallourgiy I Machine for the continuous pouring of steel
US4027722A (en) * 1963-02-01 1977-06-07 Airco, Inc. Electron beam furnace
US3332474A (en) * 1963-03-02 1967-07-25 Midvale Heppenstall Company Apparatus and method for continuous vacuum degassing and casting of steel and other metals
US3324935A (en) * 1963-05-25 1967-06-13 Alfred J Wertli Induction furnace for horizontal, continuous metal casting
US3337330A (en) * 1964-08-14 1967-08-22 Finkl & Sons Co Treatment of molten metal
US3380509A (en) * 1964-08-17 1968-04-30 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Method of pressure treatment of metallic melts, especially steel melts
US3402757A (en) * 1964-11-24 1968-09-24 United Steel Companies Ltd Method for continuous casting of steel through a closed gas filled chamber
US3408059A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-10-29 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for stream degassing molten metal
US3392009A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-07-09 Union Carbide Corp Method of producing low carbon, non-aging, deep drawing steel
US3845809A (en) * 1965-11-15 1974-11-05 Est Aciers Fins Means for the continuous casting of steel
US3465811A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-09 Est Aciers Fins Plants for the continuous casting of steel
US3472503A (en) * 1966-02-01 1969-10-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Vacuum degassing apparatus for molten metals
US3467168A (en) * 1966-04-25 1969-09-16 Oglebay Norton Co Continuous casting apparatus and method including mold lubrication,heat transfer,and vibration
US3451594A (en) * 1966-05-17 1969-06-24 Sigmund W Stewart Tundish nozzle construction
US3459537A (en) * 1966-08-25 1969-08-05 United States Steel Corp Continuously cast steel slabs and method of making same
FR2039129A1 (en(2012)) * 1969-03-14 1971-01-15 Armco Steel Corp
US3752218A (en) * 1969-03-21 1973-08-14 Ashmore Benson Pease & Co Ltd Continuous casting moulds
US3677332A (en) * 1969-06-13 1972-07-18 George A Smiernow Vacuum casting process
US3841867A (en) * 1969-10-15 1974-10-15 British Steel Corp Alloying steels
US3700026A (en) * 1969-12-25 1972-10-24 Daido Steel Co Ltd Ingot casting apparatus
US3692443A (en) * 1970-10-29 1972-09-19 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for atomizing molten metal
US3764124A (en) * 1971-04-02 1973-10-09 Usinor Pouring vessel-caisson for treating molten metal in a regulated atmosphere
US3895937A (en) * 1971-07-16 1975-07-22 Ardal Og Sunndal Verk Dynamic vacuum treatment to produce aluminum alloys
US3991813A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-11-16 Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget Melt casting apparatus
US3921704A (en) * 1973-11-12 1975-11-25 Sumitomo Metal Ind Oxidation-free casting apparatus for continuous casting
US4102386A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Casting apparatus
US4872648A (en) * 1987-08-11 1989-10-10 Technometal Gesellschaft Fur Metalltechnologie Mbh Reaction vessel for processing steel
US5395094A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-03-07 Premelt Pump, Inc. Means of conveying molten metal from one place to another in a metal-melting furnace with simultaneous alloying of the melt
US5397378A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-03-14 Premelt Pump, Inc. Molten metal conveying means and method of conveying molten metal from one place to another in a metal-melting furnace with simultaneous alloying of the melt
US5403381A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-04-04 Premelt Pump, Inc. Molten metal conveying means and method of conveying molten metal from one place to another in a metal-melting furnace with simultaneous degassing of the melt
US5645121A (en) * 1996-01-05 1997-07-08 National Steel Corporation Method of continuous casting using sealed tundish and improved tundish seal
US10549340B2 (en) * 2016-09-27 2020-02-04 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh Method for multiple casting of metal strands

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Publication number Publication date
AT245017B (de) 1966-02-10
LU40985A1 (en(2012)) 1962-02-27
DE1408908A1 (de) 1968-10-17

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