US3120424A - Continuous bleaching method with an alkali metal chlorite containing an activator salt - Google Patents

Continuous bleaching method with an alkali metal chlorite containing an activator salt Download PDF

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Publication number
US3120424A
US3120424A US682640A US68264057A US3120424A US 3120424 A US3120424 A US 3120424A US 682640 A US682640 A US 682640A US 68264057 A US68264057 A US 68264057A US 3120424 A US3120424 A US 3120424A
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Prior art keywords
bleaching
solution
chlorite
textile material
alkali metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US682640A
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English (en)
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Ruedi Ernst
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FMC Corp
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FMC Corp
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/20—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen
    • D06L4/22—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents
    • D06L4/24—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents using chlorites or chlorine dioxide
    • D06L4/26—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents using chlorites or chlorine dioxide combined with specific additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/16—Pressurized and high temperature liquid treatment of textiles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to textile processing, and more particularly to continuous methods of bleaching textile material.
  • alkali chlorites and particularly sodium chlorite
  • cellulose fibers are known expedients.
  • Quite a number of methods have been proposed which aimed at solving the economic as well as technological problems arising in industrial practice, and particularly in the case of continuous processes, and a brief discussion of some typical ones of these prior art methods is considered advisable in order to properly distinguish the present invention.
  • the material to be bleached is impregnated with a non-acidic alkali chlorite solution and following the squeeze-off, for the purpose of activating the bleach effect, is exposed for 1 to 2 minutes to the influence of acid vapors, for example by treatment with a formic acid-steam mixture.
  • This process failed to be adopted for a variety of reasons, and primarily because of violent corrosion in the steaming installation.
  • French Patent 1,100,066 discloses a continuous process using for the impregnation, a non-acidic alkali or alkaline earth chlorite solution containing an addition of esters of organic acids.
  • a non-acidic alkali or alkaline earth chlorite solution containing an addition of esters of organic acids.
  • the ester is saponified, and the acid thus liberated activates the chlorite.
  • the bleaching liquor containing the esters is stable, even at room temperature, only for a few hours (cf. the criticism in the article by Baier in Melliand, Textilberiohte, 1957, page 53 and following pages).
  • German Patent 945,024 A further continuous chlorite bleaching process is covered by German Patent 945,024 and described in the article by H. W. Hund-t in the periodical SVF--Fachorgan fiir Textilveredelung der schweizerischen Vercinigung 3,120,424 Patented Feb. 4, 1964 von Fiirbereifachleuten (Trade Journal for Textile Improvement of the Swiss Association of Dyeing Experts), 10th year, (1955), pages 538-540.
  • This method uses a neutral or alkaline solution of alkali or alkaline earth chlorites which contains no activating additions.
  • the reference process moreover, involves the drawback of very strong corrosiveness, a fact corroborated by the recommendation of china vessels, a requirement which is quite unnecessary for purposes of the present invention.
  • the reference process has only a slight bleaching effect, and is mostly used in the bleaching of regenerated cellulose fiber (artificial silk, staple fiber), but not in cotton, linen, etc., i.e. native cellulose where a more forceful bleaching action is called for.
  • potentially acid salts is intended to refer to salts which at temperatures up to 50 C. do not yield acid solutions, so as not to actitvate the chlorite bleaching liquor, but which at temperatures of at least 60 C., decompose and become strongly acid.
  • Potentially acid salts contemplated for use according to the invention may be exemplified by salts of a strong acid and a volatile base, e.g.
  • ammonium salts of strong acids such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium tartrate and ammonium oxalate
  • salts of strong acids with weak bases such as magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium nitrate and calcium nitrate.
  • Other potentially acid salts contemplated by the invention include the salts of strong acids with organic bases, such as triethanolamine hydrochloride, diethanolamine hydrochloride, triethylamine hydrochloride, diethylamine hydrochloride, ethylenediamine hydrochloride, etc.
  • the bleaching liquors contemplated by the present invention and containing, apart from an alkali chlorite, a potentially acid salt incorporate also a wetting agent.
  • a wetting agent compatible with the alkali chlorite solution is suitable for purposes of the invention.
  • Suitable Wetting agents include alkylarylsulfonates, non-ionic wetting agents, and fatty acid condensation products.
  • the neutral alkali chlorite solution with which the textile material to be bleached is impregnated may be either cold or mildly heated to a temperature not substantially exceeding 50 C. Once the excess bleaching liquor is squeezed off, the material thus impregnated is heated, in accordance with the invention, to a temperature of at least 60 C. While considerable activation occurs at temperatures of 60 C. and slightly above, the activation is materially stronger at temperatures of 7080 C. Heating to temperatures above 100 C. is within the province of the invention as a very strong, and very fast activation effect is observed at these higher temperatures. Above 140 C., however, a strong development of chlorine dioxide occurs which militates against further increases of the temperature.
  • the method of the invention is applicable to a great variety of textile materials. It is recommended for use on cellulose fibers such as cotton, staple fiber, viscose or cuprammonium rayon, linen, hemp and other bast fibers; on cellulose acetate fibers such as diacetate and triacetate fibers; on synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyethylene-terephthalate and polyacrylonitrile fibers, to mention some representative examples. Fibers may be bleached by the present method at any stage of their manufacture, to wit: in the form of flakes, roves, fleece, yarn, felt (nonwoven material), or else when woven into fabrics, etc.
  • Example I A bleaching solution is prepared containing the following essential ingredients:
  • the bleaching liquor thus prepared is used as follows: A cotton fabric is desized on a covered jigger, and then washed. Thereafter, a suction desiccator is employed to reduce the moisture content to 50 percent. The fabric is again put on the jigger and impregnated, in the cold, with a bleaching liquor of the composition noted above. The material is squeezed off lightly so the squeeze-off effect amounts to 100 percent. The excess liquor is pumped off, for use on a new section of material. At this point, the jigger is closed and heated, by a direct supply of steam, to the reaction temperature of 90-95 C. Now the material is passed through four times in order to heat the impregnated fabric to the bleaching temperature of about 90 C.
  • the material is turned slowly on a jigger roller for about one hour, the jigger temperature being maintained at 95 C. by means of saturated steam.
  • the material is twice rinsed hot, then rinsed cold, with the result that a beautiful, perfectly white fabric of excellent absorptive capacity is obtained.
  • Example II A cotton fabric which previously desized, rinsed and dried, is treated on an open-width bleaching frame made of stainless steel, in the following manner:
  • the solution has a pH value of about 7.5 and is used at a temperature of about 30 C.
  • the fabric is heated to about 95100 C. by means of steam or another suitable heating medium, to be maintained at this temperature for from 40 to 60 minutes. This is done most advantageously by spooling the heated fabric. This operation is followed by cold and hot rinsing, neutralization and again rinsing.
  • the fabric is excedingly well bleached and has been rendered very highly absorbent. Cotton seed husks are largely removed and also bleached.
  • the above procedure may be folowed also by operating on the covered jigger referred to in Example I.
  • Example III A desized and dried staple fiber fabric is impregnated on the machine referred to in Example II, at about 30 C., with a bleaching liquor of the following composition:
  • This solution has a pH of about 7.5.
  • the fabric is squeezed to about of its moisture content and is heated for about 30 to 40 minutes, in the manner described in Example II, to be then finished as in Example II.
  • the fabric is bleached beautifully and with perfect uniformity.
  • Example IV A blended fabric, made of a mixture of cotton and Dacron staple intimately mixed at a ratio of 65% cotton and 35% Dacron, is desized and dried. It is then impregnated at about 30 C. with a bleaching liquor containing about:
  • the present method involves the following advantages which are at most, only partly obtained by the prior art processes exemplified above:
  • the activators used in the present method are inexpensive, readily obtainable compounds.
  • a continuous method of bleaching textile material comprising the steps of immerging the material for a period of at least 5 seconds in a bath of a substantially neutral aqueous solution to impregnate said material with said solution, said bath having a temperature below 60 C. and containing from 0.1 to 4.0 percent of an alkali metal chlorite and from 0.1 to 2.0 percent of a salt selected from the group consisting of the chlorides, sulphates, phosphates and nitrates of magnesium and calcinm, the chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, tartrate and oxalate of ammonium, and the hydrochlorides of triethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, and ethylenediamine, the percentage being by weight of the textile material, removing the textile material from the bath, squeezing off my excess solution to obtain a ratio solutionztextile material between 2:1 and 1:2, and heating the moist impregnated material to a temperature between and 140 C

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US682640A 1956-09-19 1957-09-09 Continuous bleaching method with an alkali metal chlorite containing an activator salt Expired - Lifetime US3120424A (en)

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CH864230X 1956-09-19

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US3120424A true US3120424A (en) 1964-02-04

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US (1) US3120424A (d)
BE (1) BE557828A (d)
CH (1) CH348389A (d)
DE (1) DE1079583B (d)
FR (1) FR1173750A (d)
GB (1) GB864230A (d)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3140146A (en) * 1961-02-07 1964-07-07 Olin Mathieson Continuous process for chlorite bleaching of cellulosic textiles
US3238226A (en) * 1962-02-19 1966-03-01 Nat Polychemicals Inc Synthesis of hydrazine, semi-carbazide, and hydrazinedicarbonamide
US3547573A (en) * 1968-11-29 1970-12-15 Air Liquide Process for the bleaching of textiles
US3884752A (en) * 1973-09-17 1975-05-20 Int Paper Co Single vessel wood pulp bleaching with chlorine dioxide followed by sodium hypochlorite or alkaline extraction
US3967039A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-06-29 Solvay & Cie Coated alkali metal chlorite particles
US4298428A (en) * 1980-08-07 1981-11-03 Nalco Chemical Company Use of additives in pulp bleaching processes to preserve pulp strength
US4310425A (en) * 1980-04-17 1982-01-12 Halabs, Incorporated Inhibited oil field drilling fluid
US4353866A (en) * 1980-11-05 1982-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Activation of hypochlorite bleaching of dyes
US4384869A (en) * 1980-11-05 1983-05-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Activation of hypochlorite bleaching of dyes
US4420412A (en) * 1980-11-05 1983-12-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Activation of hypochlorite bleaching of dyes
US4790950A (en) * 1988-03-07 1988-12-13 The Drackett Company Aqueous alkali metal halogenite compositions containing a colorant stabilized by NH4 OH
US4873013A (en) * 1988-03-07 1989-10-10 The Dracket Company Aqueous alkali metal halogenite compositions containing a colorant stabilized by ammonium hydroxide
WO1993006293A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 Olin Corporation Process for bleaching textiles with hypochlorite solutions
US5370707A (en) * 1990-03-28 1994-12-06 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method for bleaching cloth

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1094697B (de) * 1959-06-25 1960-12-15 Kleinewefers Soehne J Verfahren zum Bleichen von Textilien aus Rohbaumwolle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2521340A (en) * 1945-05-16 1950-09-05 Olin Mathieson Bleaching of cellulosic textiles
GB723566A (en) * 1951-04-19 1955-02-09 Val Mehler Segeltuchweberei Ag Improved method of bleaching textile materials
US2810717A (en) * 1955-02-07 1957-10-22 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Chlorite bleaching in the presence of a nitrogen compound employed as a corrosion inhibitor

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE903926C (de) * 1942-07-07 1954-02-11 Degussa Verfahren zur Behandlung von Waesche mit Chlorit
LU28660A1 (d) * 1946-12-21

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2521340A (en) * 1945-05-16 1950-09-05 Olin Mathieson Bleaching of cellulosic textiles
GB723566A (en) * 1951-04-19 1955-02-09 Val Mehler Segeltuchweberei Ag Improved method of bleaching textile materials
US2810717A (en) * 1955-02-07 1957-10-22 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Chlorite bleaching in the presence of a nitrogen compound employed as a corrosion inhibitor

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3140146A (en) * 1961-02-07 1964-07-07 Olin Mathieson Continuous process for chlorite bleaching of cellulosic textiles
US3238226A (en) * 1962-02-19 1966-03-01 Nat Polychemicals Inc Synthesis of hydrazine, semi-carbazide, and hydrazinedicarbonamide
US3547573A (en) * 1968-11-29 1970-12-15 Air Liquide Process for the bleaching of textiles
US3967039A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-06-29 Solvay & Cie Coated alkali metal chlorite particles
US3884752A (en) * 1973-09-17 1975-05-20 Int Paper Co Single vessel wood pulp bleaching with chlorine dioxide followed by sodium hypochlorite or alkaline extraction
US4310425A (en) * 1980-04-17 1982-01-12 Halabs, Incorporated Inhibited oil field drilling fluid
US4298428A (en) * 1980-08-07 1981-11-03 Nalco Chemical Company Use of additives in pulp bleaching processes to preserve pulp strength
US4353866A (en) * 1980-11-05 1982-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Activation of hypochlorite bleaching of dyes
US4384869A (en) * 1980-11-05 1983-05-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Activation of hypochlorite bleaching of dyes
US4420412A (en) * 1980-11-05 1983-12-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Activation of hypochlorite bleaching of dyes
US4790950A (en) * 1988-03-07 1988-12-13 The Drackett Company Aqueous alkali metal halogenite compositions containing a colorant stabilized by NH4 OH
US4873013A (en) * 1988-03-07 1989-10-10 The Dracket Company Aqueous alkali metal halogenite compositions containing a colorant stabilized by ammonium hydroxide
US5370707A (en) * 1990-03-28 1994-12-06 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method for bleaching cloth
WO1993006293A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-04-01 Olin Corporation Process for bleaching textiles with hypochlorite solutions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH348389A (de) 1960-08-31
GB864230A (en) 1961-03-29
BE557828A (d)
FR1173750A (fr) 1959-03-02
DE1079583B (de) 1960-04-14

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