US3118223A - High strength aluminum coated steel - Google Patents
High strength aluminum coated steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3118223A US3118223A US3118223DA US3118223A US 3118223 A US3118223 A US 3118223A US 3118223D A US3118223D A US 3118223DA US 3118223 A US3118223 A US 3118223A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- steel
- aluminum
- bath
- point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 100
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 100
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000680 Aluminized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002965 rope Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12757—Fe
Definitions
- This invention provides for the production or aluminized steel wire of high strength by passing the cleaned wire through a molten aluminum coating bath and drawing it in the same process.
- the invention departs, however, from procedures heretofore used in that the temperature of the bath is raised to above the values heretofore employed and is controlled in accordance with the carbon content of the wire passing through, so that the utmost possible alteration in the wire to an austenitic structure results.
- the bath of molten aluminum is heated to above the Ac point of the wire or other steel shape to be coated.
- the wire (or other shape) then is immersed in such bath, and is retained therein long enough to be heated to above its AC3 temperature.
- the steel wire or other shape upon withdrawal of the steel wire or other shape from the molten aluminum, it is in the substantially fully austenitic condition. It is cooled in air substantially to room temperature and thereafter severely worked to develop the desired high tensile strength (above 175,000 lbs/sq. in.).
- the wire or other shape may be preheated in a protective gas atmosphere to a temperature near or above its Ac point.
- the resulting hot wire then is introduced into the molten aluminum bath.
- Preheating the wire not only reduces the need for supplying heat to the molten aluminum, but also reduces the time the wire need be held in the molten aluminum bath to be heated to above its Ac transformation point. Indeed, in some cases it is practical and desirable to preheat the wire to above its Ac point and to introduce it at such temperature into the heated molten aluminum. All the heat required to maintain the aluminum bath at the desired temperature may in some cases be supplied in this fashion. Even in such case, however, the molten aluminum must be heated to above the AC3 point of the wire to avoid quenching and hardening it.
- the actual temperature to which the molten aluminum must be heated depends of course on the carbon content of the steel wire, for the Ac point depends on carbon content.
- a steel wire containing 0.5% carbon has an Ac point of about 1435 F.; and a steel wire containing about 0.85% carbon has an Ac point of about 1365 F.
- the aluminum bath is, in accordance with the invention, heated to above such temperature, depending on the particular steel being aluminum coated.
- the wire is preheated to near or above its Ac point, it should be protected by a non-oxidizing atmosphere to prevent substantial ox dation of its surface prior to its introduction into the molten aluminum.
- the aluminum coating which adheres to the wire as it is withdrawn from the bath protects it from oxidation, and hence the wire can be allowed to cool in air without suffering any undesirable chemical attacl
- By means of the method of this invention it is possible to produce aluminum coated high carbon steel wires of very high tensile strength. For example, aluminum coated steel wires containing 0.5 carbon having tensile strengths exceeding 200,000 lbs/sq. in., and similar wires containing 0.85% carbon having tensile strengths substantially exceeding 250,000 lbs/sq. in, can readily be produced.
- Steel wires or" such strength, and possessing a high degree of hardness, are eminently suitable for use as spring wire, in high strength bridge cables and wire ropes, and for other purposes requ ring steel of very high tensile strength. Moreover, these high strength products possess the notable resistan e to corrosion that characterizes aluminum coated articles.
- a steel wire containing 0.85% carbon, 0.102 inch in diameter was heated in a conventional patenting furnace to a temperature of about 1550 F.
- the heated wire was rapidly transferred to a bath of molten aluminum maintained at a temperature of about 1370 F.
- the wire was then withdrawn from the aluminum bath with an adherent aluminum coating and was cooled in air to room temperature. Thereafter, it was cold drawn to a final diameter of 0.039 inch.
- the drawn wire had a tensile strength of 265,000 lbs/sq. in. and withstood 30 full turns when twisted about its axis over a length of times its diameter.
- the method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the steel, immersing the steel in such bath to form an aluminum coating thereon, Withdrawing the steel from the bath in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the steel substantially to room temperature, and severe ly working the cooled aluminum-coated steel to develop therein a high tensde strength.
- the method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel Wire which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the wire, immersing the wire in such bath to form an aluminum coating thereon, withdrawing the wire from the bath in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the wire substantially to room temperature, and severely working the cooled aluminum coated wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
- the method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel Wire which comprises heating a bath of molten 52 aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the Wire, preheating the Wire to a temperature near its AC3 point, immersing the preheated wire in the molten aluminum and withdrawing it therefrom only after it has attained a temperature above its A0 point and is in substantially the fully austenitic condition, cooling the wire substantially to room temperature, and severely Working the cooled aluminum coated wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
- the method of producing iigh strength aluminum coated steel wire which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the A0 point of the wire, preheating the Wire in a protective gas atmosphere to a temperature near its A0 point, immersing the preheated Wire in the molten aluminum and maintaining it therein until it is heated to above its Ac point, withdrawing the wire from the bath in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the wire substantially to room temperature, and severely Working the cooled aluminum coated wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
- the method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel wire which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the wire, preheating the Wire in a protective gas atmosphere to a temperature above its AC3 point, passing the thusheated Wire through the bath of molten aluminum and withdrawing it therefrom in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the resulting aluminum coated wire in air substantially to room temperature, and thereafter severely working the wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,118,223 HEGH STRENGTH ALUMEJUM OUATED STEEL Wilhelm Schiill, Cologne-Dellbruck, and Clemens Eisenhnth, Cologne-Holweide, Germany, assignors to Amer can Chain & Cable Company, Inc, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed Mar. 29, 1960, Ser. No. 18,226 Claims priority, application Germany Apr. 9, 1959 Claims. (Cl. 29-528) This invention relates to aluminum coated steel, and is particularly directed to the provision of an improved method for producing aluminum coated steel or" high tensile strength. It is a particular object of the invention to produce high strength aluminum coated steel wire by a process which involves dipping the wire (or other shape) in molten aluminum to form the aluminum coating thereon. Satisfactory processes and equipment that can be used for hot dip aluminizing of wire have only recently been developed. Good coatings are formed by these processes, but with the limitation that the strength of the steel wire does not exceed about 170,000 lbs/sq. in. The production of aluminized steel wire of greater strengths is not possible by the processes heretofore proposed, for during aluminizing the strength of the Wire is considerably reduced because of the high melting point of the aluminum bath. it has been attempted to counteract this wire strength loss by a subsequent drawing operation. This, however, has been only partly successful, as the aluminized steel wire is not structurally adapted to the extensive cold working necessary for developing a really high tensile strength (e.g., above 175,000 lbs/sq. in.). Thus, it has not been possible, by the processes presently known, to produce aluminized steel wire of greater strength than 170,000 lbs/sq. in.
Efforts also have been made to lessen the loss of strength accompanying the aluminizing of steel wire by keeping the temperature of the coating bath as low as possible through the addition of suitable metals, but important improvements have not yet been obtained by this approach.
This invention provides for the production or aluminized steel wire of high strength by passing the cleaned wire through a molten aluminum coating bath and drawing it in the same process. The invention departs, however, from procedures heretofore used in that the temperature of the bath is raised to above the values heretofore employed and is controlled in accordance with the carbon content of the wire passing through, so that the utmost possible alteration in the wire to an austenitic structure results.
Thus, in carrying out the new method, the bath of molten aluminum is heated to above the Ac point of the wire or other steel shape to be coated. The wire (or other shape) then is immersed in such bath, and is retained therein long enough to be heated to above its AC3 temperature. Thus, upon withdrawal of the steel wire or other shape from the molten aluminum, it is in the substantially fully austenitic condition. It is cooled in air substantially to room temperature and thereafter severely worked to develop the desired high tensile strength (above 175,000 lbs/sq. in.).
in order to avoid the necessity of supplying heat to the bath to heat the steel to above its Ac point, the wire or other shape may be preheated in a protective gas atmosphere to a temperature near or above its Ac point. The resulting hot wire then is introduced into the molten aluminum bath. Preheating the wire not only reduces the need for supplying heat to the molten aluminum, but also reduces the time the wire need be held in the molten aluminum bath to be heated to above its Ac transformation point. Indeed, in some cases it is practical and desirable to preheat the wire to above its Ac point and to introduce it at such temperature into the heated molten aluminum. All the heat required to maintain the aluminum bath at the desired temperature may in some cases be supplied in this fashion. Even in such case, however, the molten aluminum must be heated to above the AC3 point of the wire to avoid quenching and hardening it.
The actual temperature to which the molten aluminum must be heated depends of course on the carbon content of the steel wire, for the Ac point depends on carbon content. For example, a steel wire containing 0.5% carbon has an Ac point of about 1435 F.; and a steel wire containing about 0.85% carbon has an Ac point of about 1365 F. The aluminum bath is, in accordance with the invention, heated to above such temperature, depending on the particular steel being aluminum coated.
Wh n the wire is preheated to near or above its Ac point, it should be protected by a non-oxidizing atmosphere to prevent substantial ox dation of its surface prior to its introduction into the molten aluminum. The aluminum coating which adheres to the wire as it is withdrawn from the bath protects it from oxidation, and hence the wire can be allowed to cool in air without suffering any undesirable chemical attacl By means of the method of this invention it is possible to produce aluminum coated high carbon steel wires of very high tensile strength. For example, aluminum coated steel wires containing 0.5 carbon having tensile strengths exceeding 200,000 lbs/sq. in., and similar wires containing 0.85% carbon having tensile strengths substantially exceeding 250,000 lbs/sq. in, can readily be produced. Steel wires or" such strength, and possessing a high degree of hardness, are eminently suitable for use as spring wire, in high strength bridge cables and wire ropes, and for other purposes requ ring steel of very high tensile strength. Moreover, these high strength products possess the notable resistan e to corrosion that characterizes aluminum coated articles.
Following is an example of the method of this invention. A steel wire containing 0.85% carbon, 0.102 inch in diameter, was heated in a conventional patenting furnace to a temperature of about 1550 F. The heated wire was rapidly transferred to a bath of molten aluminum maintained at a temperature of about 1370 F. The wire was then withdrawn from the aluminum bath with an adherent aluminum coating and was cooled in air to room temperature. Thereafter, it was cold drawn to a final diameter of 0.039 inch. The drawn wire had a tensile strength of 265,000 lbs/sq. in. and withstood 30 full turns when twisted about its axis over a length of times its diameter.
We claim:
1. The method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the steel, immersing the steel in such bath to form an aluminum coating thereon, Withdrawing the steel from the bath in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the steel substantially to room temperature, and severe ly working the cooled aluminum-coated steel to develop therein a high tensde strength.
2. The method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel Wire which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the wire, immersing the wire in such bath to form an aluminum coating thereon, withdrawing the wire from the bath in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the wire substantially to room temperature, and severely working the cooled aluminum coated wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
3. The method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel Wire which comprises heating a bath of molten 52 aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the Wire, preheating the Wire to a temperature near its AC3 point, immersing the preheated wire in the molten aluminum and withdrawing it therefrom only after it has attained a temperature above its A0 point and is in substantially the fully austenitic condition, cooling the wire substantially to room temperature, and severely Working the cooled aluminum coated wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
4. The method of producing iigh strength aluminum coated steel wire Which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the A0 point of the wire, preheating the Wire in a protective gas atmosphere to a temperature near its A0 point, immersing the preheated Wire in the molten aluminum and maintaining it therein until it is heated to above its Ac point, withdrawing the wire from the bath in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the wire substantially to room temperature, and severely Working the cooled aluminum coated wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
5. The method of producing high strength aluminum coated steel wire which comprises heating a bath of molten aluminum to a temperature above the Ac point of the wire, preheating the Wire in a protective gas atmosphere to a temperature above its AC3 point, passing the thusheated Wire through the bath of molten aluminum and withdrawing it therefrom in the substantially fully austenitic condition, cooling the resulting aluminum coated wire in air substantially to room temperature, and thereafter severely working the wire to develop therein a high tensile strength.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,409,017 Ortiz Mar. 7, 1922 2,082,622 Fink June 1, 1937 2,191,598 Swartz et al. Feb. 27, 1940 2,455,457 Whitfield et al. Dec 7, 1948 2,543,936 Reynolds Mar. 6, 1951 2,686,355 Lundin Aug. 17, 1954 2,785,084 Lundin Mar. 12, 1957 3,057,050 Hodge et a1. Oct. 9, 1962
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF PRODUCING HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM COATED STEEL WHICH COMPRISES HEATING A BATH OF MOLTEN ALUMINUM TO A TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE AC3 POINT OF THE STEEL, IMMERSING THE STEEL IN SUCH BATH TO FORM AN ALUMINUM COATING THEREON, WITHDRAWING THE STEEL FROM THE BATH IN THE SUBSTANTIALLY FULLY AUSTENITIC CONDITION, COOLING THE STEEL SUBSTANTIALLY TO ROOM TEMPERATURE, AND SEVERELY WORKING THE COOLED ALUMINUM-COATED STEEL TO DEVELOP THEREIN A HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3118223A true US3118223A (en) | 1964-01-21 |
Family
ID=3452296
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3118223D Expired - Lifetime US3118223A (en) | High strength aluminum coated steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3118223A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3224087A (en) * | 1962-10-10 | 1965-12-21 | United States Steel Corp | Method of making high-strength aluminum-coated steel wire |
| US3309906A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1967-03-21 | Inland Steel Co | Light gauge, hot dip metal coated steel products |
| US3881882A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1975-05-06 | Inland Steel Co | Aluminum coated steel |
| US4773151A (en) * | 1984-08-21 | 1988-09-27 | Dunlop Limited | Method of making a hose |
| US4789005A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1988-12-06 | Dunlop Limited | Marine growth retarding hose |
| ITMI20131165A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-11 | Prysmian Spa | SUBMARINE FLEXIBLE PIPE |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1409017A (en) * | 1914-12-23 | 1922-03-07 | Gen Electric | Compound metal body and method of making the same |
| US2082622A (en) * | 1933-02-25 | 1937-06-01 | Colin G Fink | Daluminum coated metal and process for producing the same |
| US2191598A (en) * | 1938-11-05 | 1940-02-27 | Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co | Method of bonding dissimilar metals |
| US2455457A (en) * | 1941-10-24 | 1948-12-07 | Fairchild Engine & Airplane | Coated metal article |
| US2543936A (en) * | 1947-09-22 | 1951-03-06 | Julian L Reynolds | Apparatus for covering a metallic core with a cast layer of another metal |
| US2686355A (en) * | 1952-01-19 | 1954-08-17 | Lundin Helen Marie | Process for coating metals with aluminum |
| US2785084A (en) * | 1952-12-13 | 1957-03-12 | Helen Maric Lundin | Coating ferrous metals with aluminum |
| US3057050A (en) * | 1953-04-30 | 1962-10-09 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminizing of ferrous metal and product |
-
0
- US US3118223D patent/US3118223A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1409017A (en) * | 1914-12-23 | 1922-03-07 | Gen Electric | Compound metal body and method of making the same |
| US2082622A (en) * | 1933-02-25 | 1937-06-01 | Colin G Fink | Daluminum coated metal and process for producing the same |
| US2191598A (en) * | 1938-11-05 | 1940-02-27 | Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co | Method of bonding dissimilar metals |
| US2455457A (en) * | 1941-10-24 | 1948-12-07 | Fairchild Engine & Airplane | Coated metal article |
| US2543936A (en) * | 1947-09-22 | 1951-03-06 | Julian L Reynolds | Apparatus for covering a metallic core with a cast layer of another metal |
| US2686355A (en) * | 1952-01-19 | 1954-08-17 | Lundin Helen Marie | Process for coating metals with aluminum |
| US2785084A (en) * | 1952-12-13 | 1957-03-12 | Helen Maric Lundin | Coating ferrous metals with aluminum |
| US3057050A (en) * | 1953-04-30 | 1962-10-09 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminizing of ferrous metal and product |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3224087A (en) * | 1962-10-10 | 1965-12-21 | United States Steel Corp | Method of making high-strength aluminum-coated steel wire |
| US3309906A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1967-03-21 | Inland Steel Co | Light gauge, hot dip metal coated steel products |
| US3881882A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1975-05-06 | Inland Steel Co | Aluminum coated steel |
| US4773151A (en) * | 1984-08-21 | 1988-09-27 | Dunlop Limited | Method of making a hose |
| US4789005A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1988-12-06 | Dunlop Limited | Marine growth retarding hose |
| ITMI20131165A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-11 | Prysmian Spa | SUBMARINE FLEXIBLE PIPE |
| WO2015004597A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Submarine flexible pipe |
| US9851027B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2017-12-26 | Prysmian S.P.A | Submarine flexible pipe |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3056694A (en) | Galvanizing process | |
| CA1323291C (en) | Method for producing high silicon steel strip in a continuously treating line | |
| US2731403A (en) | Manufacture of nickel-plated steel | |
| US3118223A (en) | High strength aluminum coated steel | |
| US4155235A (en) | Production of heavy pure aluminum coatings on small diameter tubing | |
| US3057050A (en) | Aluminizing of ferrous metal and product | |
| US2401374A (en) | Metal coating process and apparatus therefor | |
| CA1213160A (en) | Method of manufacturing rails | |
| US3959035A (en) | Heat treatment for minimizing crazing of hot-dip aluminum coatings | |
| US2870903A (en) | Metal drawing lubricant | |
| NO135503B (en) | ||
| JPS6356291B2 (en) | ||
| US3177088A (en) | Galvanized steel material and process for producing same | |
| US3906125A (en) | Process of treating sheet steel | |
| US1726652A (en) | Process of making protected metal | |
| US4123291A (en) | Method of treating steel strip and sheet surfaces, in sulfur-bearing atmosphere, for metallic coating | |
| US4123292A (en) | Method of treating steel strip and sheet surfaces for metallic coating | |
| JPH05271891A (en) | Manufacture of high strength galvanized steel sheet | |
| US2535284A (en) | Cold-drawing steel wire | |
| US1501887A (en) | Protected metal and process of making it | |
| US2118758A (en) | Process of making zinc-coated ferrous wire | |
| US3481769A (en) | Alloy diffusion coating process | |
| US4473412A (en) | Annealing steel strip using molten B2 O3, SiO2 Na2 O, NaF glass bath | |
| US3236684A (en) | Alloy diffusion coating process | |
| GB875344A (en) | Improvements in high strength aluminium coated steel |