US3115005A - Composition for the ignition of rocket monopropellants - Google Patents

Composition for the ignition of rocket monopropellants Download PDF

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Publication number
US3115005A
US3115005A US643201A US64320157A US3115005A US 3115005 A US3115005 A US 3115005A US 643201 A US643201 A US 643201A US 64320157 A US64320157 A US 64320157A US 3115005 A US3115005 A US 3115005A
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Prior art keywords
rocket
monopropellants
monopropellant
nitric acid
amine nitrate
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US643201A
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John D Clark
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an igniter for rocket monopropellants of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid.
  • a powdered metal hydride is used to ignite the monopropellant.
  • lithium hydride is mixed with an inert combustible adhesive to form the igniter.
  • the composition described is a paste or dough that is suitably supported inside the rocket chamber so that the monopropellant may impinge upon it.
  • the igniter which is most effective for monopropellants of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid, consists of a composition in the form of a paste or dough of an inert combustible adhesive substance mixed with a powdered metal hydride.
  • lithium hydride is mixed with rubber cement (dry) to form the igniter. This presents a large surface for contact with the monopropellant.
  • the proportions of the igniter mix in its preferred form are 85% lithium hydride and 15% rubber cement by weight.
  • lithium aluminum hydride or mixtures of lithium hydride and lithium aluminum hydride are mixed with rubber cement.
  • powdered magnesium metal may be mixed with the hydrides and the cement.
  • the dough is suitably supported inside the rocket chamber.
  • the liquid monopropellant is made from di-isopropyl amine nitrate and anhydrous nitric acid wherein the salt constitutes 33% by weight of the monopropellant and the acid, 67%.
  • An igniter for the decomposition of di-isopropyl amine nitrate dissolved in anhydrous nitric acid which consists essentially of a paste of by weight lithium hydride and 15% by weight of rubber cement.
  • the method of igniting the monopropellant di-isopropyl amine nitrate dissolved in anhydrous nitric acid in a rocket motor having a reaction chamber which comprises spraying the di-isopropyl amine nitrate against a paste of 85% by weight of powdered lithium hydride and 15% by weight of rubber cement located within the chamber.

Description

the Navy No Drawing. Fiied Feb. 28, 1957, Ser. No. 643,201 2 tilairns. (Cl. nil-35.4}
(Granted under Title 35, US. Code (1952), see. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates to an igniter for rocket monopropellants of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid.
It is particularly desirable in the operation of rocket engines to use a self-combustible propellant. Such a propellant is found in an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid. These monopropellants are extremely stable and no satisfactory method of ignition has heretofore been developed. For utmost efficiency it is necessary that decomposition of the monopropellant be insured when the monopropellant comes into contact with the ignited. This invention assures such a result.
In accordance With the invention, a powdered metal hydride is used to ignite the monopropellant. In the principal phase, lithium hydride is mixed with an inert combustible adhesive to form the igniter. The composition described is a paste or dough that is suitably supported inside the rocket chamber so that the monopropellant may impinge upon it.
It is an object of this invention to provide an igniter for a liquid monopropellant of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a composition of lithium hydride mixed with rubber cement as an igniter for monopropellants of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description.
The igniter, which is most effective for monopropellants of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid, consists of a composition in the form of a paste or dough of an inert combustible adhesive substance mixed with a powdered metal hydride. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, lithium hydride is mixed with rubber cement (dry) to form the igniter. This presents a large surface for contact with the monopropellant. The proportions of the igniter mix in its preferred form are 85% lithium hydride and 15% rubber cement by weight.
3,115,005 Patented Dec. 24, 1963 In other forms of the invention, lithium aluminum hydride or mixtures of lithium hydride and lithium aluminum hydride are mixed with rubber cement. At times powdered magnesium metal may be mixed with the hydrides and the cement.
in the operation of the rocket motor, the dough is suitably supported inside the rocket chamber. One of the liquid monopropellants of the type of an amine nitrate dissolved in nitric acid, as described in my copending application, Serial No. 643,202, filed February 28, 1957, is directed through a spray nozzle into the rocket chamber. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the liquid monopropellant is made from di-isopropyl amine nitrate and anhydrous nitric acid wherein the salt constitutes 33% by weight of the monopropellant and the acid, 67%. When the nitric acid containing monopropellant impinges upon the dough, the heat of reaction raises the monoproellant to the ignition point. When the temperature of the chamber is sufiicient to support spontaneous combustion of the monopropellant, the igniter is decomposed. Thus, the invention provides a relatively simple method for starting combustion in a rocket motor.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
1. An igniter for the decomposition of di-isopropyl amine nitrate dissolved in anhydrous nitric acid, which consists essentially of a paste of by weight lithium hydride and 15% by weight of rubber cement.
2. The method of igniting the monopropellant di-isopropyl amine nitrate dissolved in anhydrous nitric acid in a rocket motor having a reaction chamber, which comprises spraying the di-isopropyl amine nitrate against a paste of 85% by weight of powdered lithium hydride and 15% by weight of rubber cement located within the chamber.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,573,471 Malina et al. Oct. 30, 1951 2,636,342 Cade Apr. 28, 1953 2,645,079 Doumani et a1 July 14, 1953 2,648,190 Maisner Aug. 11, 1953 2,739,981 Szabo et al Mar. 27, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 655,585 Great Britain July 25, 1951 742,283 Great Britain Dec. 21, 1955

Claims (1)

  1. 2. THE METHOD OF IGNITING THE MONOPROPELLANT DI-ISOPROPYL AMINE NITRATE DISSOLVED INANHYDROUS NITRIC ACID IN A ROCKET MOTOR HAVING A REACTION CHAMBER, WHICH COMPRISES SPRAYING THE DI-ISOPROPYL AMINE NITRATE AGAINST A PASTE OF 85% BY WEIGHT OF POWDERED LITHIUM HYDRIDE AND 15% BY WEIGHT OF RUBBER CEMENT LOCATED WITHIN THE CHAMBER.
US643201A 1957-02-28 1957-02-28 Composition for the ignition of rocket monopropellants Expired - Lifetime US3115005A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234729A (en) * 1963-04-09 1966-02-15 United Aircraft Corp Hybrid rocket motor process using solid and liquid phases
US3409484A (en) * 1967-09-15 1968-11-05 Commercial Solvents Corp Thickened inorganic oxidizer salt slurried explosive containing an alkylamine nitrate and an air-entrapping material
US3431155A (en) * 1967-06-02 1969-03-04 Du Pont Water-bearing explosive containing nitrogen-base salt and method of preparing same
US4047988A (en) * 1967-06-29 1977-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Liquid monopropellant compositions
US4528049A (en) * 1984-07-09 1985-07-09 Udy Lex L Seismic explosive composition

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB655585A (en) * 1947-09-29 1951-07-25 Frans Tore Baltzar Bonell Improvements in or relating to methods for producing propellent charges for rockets and the like
US2573471A (en) * 1943-05-08 1951-10-30 Aerojet Engineering Corp Reaction motor operable by liquid propellants and method of operating it
US2636342A (en) * 1949-01-04 1953-04-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method for increasing the thrust of jet engines by the use of rapidly decomposable nitrogen compounds
US2645079A (en) * 1944-06-06 1953-07-14 Union Oil Co Method of operating jet propulsion motors
US2648190A (en) * 1948-03-05 1953-08-11 Aerojet General Co Initiation of propellant decomposition
GB742283A (en) * 1953-09-25 1955-12-21 Thomas Murphy Incendiary compositions and articles comprising same
US2739981A (en) * 1952-08-26 1956-03-27 American Home Prod Diamines and salts thereof

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573471A (en) * 1943-05-08 1951-10-30 Aerojet Engineering Corp Reaction motor operable by liquid propellants and method of operating it
US2645079A (en) * 1944-06-06 1953-07-14 Union Oil Co Method of operating jet propulsion motors
GB655585A (en) * 1947-09-29 1951-07-25 Frans Tore Baltzar Bonell Improvements in or relating to methods for producing propellent charges for rockets and the like
US2648190A (en) * 1948-03-05 1953-08-11 Aerojet General Co Initiation of propellant decomposition
US2636342A (en) * 1949-01-04 1953-04-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method for increasing the thrust of jet engines by the use of rapidly decomposable nitrogen compounds
US2739981A (en) * 1952-08-26 1956-03-27 American Home Prod Diamines and salts thereof
GB742283A (en) * 1953-09-25 1955-12-21 Thomas Murphy Incendiary compositions and articles comprising same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234729A (en) * 1963-04-09 1966-02-15 United Aircraft Corp Hybrid rocket motor process using solid and liquid phases
US3431155A (en) * 1967-06-02 1969-03-04 Du Pont Water-bearing explosive containing nitrogen-base salt and method of preparing same
US4047988A (en) * 1967-06-29 1977-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Liquid monopropellant compositions
US3409484A (en) * 1967-09-15 1968-11-05 Commercial Solvents Corp Thickened inorganic oxidizer salt slurried explosive containing an alkylamine nitrate and an air-entrapping material
US4528049A (en) * 1984-07-09 1985-07-09 Udy Lex L Seismic explosive composition

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