US3114344A - Ship for transporting volatile liquid and process - Google Patents

Ship for transporting volatile liquid and process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3114344A
US3114344A US221049A US22104962A US3114344A US 3114344 A US3114344 A US 3114344A US 221049 A US221049 A US 221049A US 22104962 A US22104962 A US 22104962A US 3114344 A US3114344 A US 3114344A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tank
liquid
valve
ship
tanks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US221049A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard P Meade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phillips Petroleum Co
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Phillips Petroleum Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phillips Petroleum Co filed Critical Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority to US221049A priority Critical patent/US3114344A/en
Priority to GB32867/63A priority patent/GB992364A/en
Priority to NL296865D priority patent/NL296865A/xx
Priority to FR946060A priority patent/FR1372723A/fr
Priority to BE636894D priority patent/BE636894A/xx
Priority to DEP32515A priority patent/DE1277059B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3114344A publication Critical patent/US3114344A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0329—Valves manually actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0114—Propulsion of the fluid with vacuum injectors, e.g. venturi
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the listing to be corrected In a ship having a single line of tanks running axially from bow to stern, the listing to be corrected would be a listing to fore or aft. However, in most ships the plurality of cargo tanks are divided so that one or more are on the port or starboard side of the ship, respectively, in which case the listing is to port or starboard, which generally is more serious than any listing fore 0r aft, principally because the length of the ship is generally several times that of the width of its beams.
  • One of the advantages of the present invention is that it provides an apparatus and the process of righting a listing ship having a plurality of horizontally-spaced cargo tanks containing a volatile liquid by collecting the vapors from the tanks, compressing, cooling and condensing at least a portion of said vapors into liquid, and selectively returning at least the major portion of this liquid to one of said tanks that is located on said ship in a direction opposite to the direction in which it lists, whereby said ship is at least partially righted.
  • espe cially if the volatile liquide is a liquefied gas
  • Another object is to provide a suitable system for the control of such volatile liquids during the transportation thereof.
  • Another object is to provide suitable processes for the operation of such ships and systems.
  • Another object is to provide a system and process for righting ships that list due to unequal vaporization of volatile liquids in a plurality of cargo tanks therein.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the beam of a ship embodying the present invention in which the ship is listing toward the left side of the drawing and the invention has started operating to correct this list and right the ship.
  • This embodiment includes separate cargo discharge and liquid distributing tanks.
  • FiGURE 2 is a view of the same type as FiGURE l of a ship embodying a second species of the invention in which there is a single combined cargo discharge and liquid distributing tank instead of the two separate tanks shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third species of the invention taken along the central plane of a ship having only one fore and one aft liquid cargo tank. It should be noted that the liquid distributing tank has been oriented along the axis of the ship in order to compensate for fore and aft listing.
  • FIGURE 4 is a schematic plan view of a fourth species of the invention in which there are two sets of cargo tanks, one set being forward and the other set being aft, one tank of each set being a starboard tank and the other a port tank.
  • the system disclosed as embodying the invention includes in combination other features, such as spraying the returning liquid into the vapor space of the cargo tank, thereby absorbing vapor and reducing the pressure in the cargo tank, especially when sprayed into a venturi vapor-entraining device or similar constricted zone and/ or in combination with means to provide at all times a high enough hydrostatic head of liquid above the liquid cargo unloading pump to prevent vaporization in the pump as the last portion of the volatile liquid cargo is being discharged from the liquid cargo tanks.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a novel and useful ship for transporting volatile liquids, including liqboard and port listing can be compensated for.
  • FIGURE 1 a tank ship, generally designated as 6, floating on a body of water 7 is shown listing toward the left side of the drawing. Assuming the view is taken in the direction of the bow of the ship, the ship is listing to port due to the fact that the port cargo tank 8 contains more volatile liquid cargo 9 than the starboard tank 11 contains volatile liquid cargo 12.
  • This condition of having more volatile liquid 9 in tank 8 than volatile liquid 12 in tank 11 may have been due to the heating rays of the sun (not shown) having been directed more on tank 11 than on tank 8 while the ship was on a certain course during the morning or afternoon, but the reason why there is more liquid in tank 8 than in tank 11 is immaterial to-the operation of the invention, and the invention will work to equalize this level regardless of its cause.
  • Condenser 23 may be indirectly cooled by any available cooling fluid 24, such as the atmosphere, or some of water 7 forced through condenser 23 by a conventional pump (not shown).
  • Tank 31 has an outlet controlled by valve 32 moved by float 33, which moves said valve to open said outlet when the liquid in said tank rises above a set point and close said outlet when said liquid falls below said set point.
  • tank 31 soon floods with liquid, valve 32 opens, and liquid and/ or vapor passes through both lines 27 and 28 through valve 32 and line 34 into an elevated liquid distributing tank 36 extending athwart ship disposed horizontally to the beam of the ship and elevated above said cargo tanks 8 and 11.
  • the inclination of the liquid level 37 in tank 36 depends upon the degree of listing of the ship and, as shown, liquid 37 is concentrated mostly in the port side of tank 36.
  • the port side of tank 36 is connected by a liquid drain conduit 33 to the starboard cargo tank 11, while the starboard end of tank 36 is similarly connected to the port cargo tank 8 by a liquid drain line 39.
  • liquid 37 will drain through line 33 into tank 11 and only a minor portion, or merely some vapor, will pass through line 39 into cargo tank 8.
  • liquid accumulates in tank 11, raising the level of liquid 12 so that it will approach the level of liquid 9 in tank 8, and liquid in tank 8 will vaporize into vapor space 13 and be carried off to compressor 21 as explained above.
  • valve 43 and line 44 are all closed during this process of redistributing the volatile liquid cargo to reduce the listing of this ship, in elfect conduits 17 and 44 are connected to conduit 19, and tank 18 becomes merely a portion of conduit 19 and could be eliminated except for the function of tank 13 as a cargo discharge tank, which will be explained below.
  • the position of valve 53 is immaterial during this process of redistribution, as valves 47, 49 and 51 are closed.
  • the volatile liquid cargo 9, 12 and 62 may be any volatile liquid known to commerce, such as liquid methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, butane, pentane, anhydrous ammonia, or the like, or mixtures of the same, which liquid has a relatively high vapor pressure, the vapors of which may be compressed, cooled, condensed to liquid, and returned to the tanks.
  • volatile liquids such as liquid butane or pentane
  • no heat insulation is absolutely necessary on the tanks and pipes, but for others, such as liquid methane, it would be highly uneconomical to not provide suitable heat insulation on the exterior surfaces of all the equipment in all the figures of the drawings.
  • each ship with a layer of heat-insulating material of suitable thickness for the most volatile liquid said ship is being built to carry, and to place this insulation around every tank, pipe, valve and pump that will contain said liquid at below atmospheric temperature.
  • a ship can be economically designed for carrying a plurality of liquids, each liquid at a different time, such as a ship designed to carry ammonia, propane, butane or mixtures of propane and butane, which ship would not be economical for methane transportation because the thickness of insulation desirable for liquid methane would not be provided.
  • FIGURE 1 for example, for such a propane or ammonia ship all the fluid containing apparatus is heat insulated, except compressor 21 and condenser 23, by a blanket of heat-insulating material, such as glass wool, cork, or other insulation at least an inch thick.
  • heat-insulating material such as glass wool, cork, or other insulation at least an inch thick.
  • valves 16, 43, 26, 47 and 57 are closed, valves 48, 49, 51, 52, 58 and 59 are opened and valve 53 is opened by liquid level control 61 whenever the liquid level 62 in tank 18 falls below a predetermined point and closed whenever said level rises above said point.
  • a pump 63 is provided for unloading cargo and is driven by any suitable source of power (not shown). Pump 63 may be any type of pump, but preferably is a centrifugal pump.
  • pump 63 may be located above the bottoms of tanks 8 and 11 (or even above the tops of tanks 8 and 11) and still operate liquid full.
  • pump 63 it is advantageous to be able to locate pump 63 above the bottom of tanks 8 and 11 because this enables these tanks to be placed as low as possible in the ship, which results in greater stability and resistance to listing of the ship.
  • valves 53 and 59 When the ship is being loaded, of course valves 53 and 59 should be closed, and after loading line 69 is connected to a suitable source of liquid (not shown), valves 57, 47, 49 and 51 are open and the liquid flows by gravity or pressure from said source into tanks 8 and 9 through loading line 69 and lines 6'7 and 68 as indicated.
  • valves 16, 43 and 26 open and valve 48 closed, and to run compressor 21 so that the vapor in spaces 13 and 41 of tanks 8 and 11 is removed through lines 14, 17, 42, 44 and 19, compressed in compressor 21, condensed to liquid in condenser 23 and returned as a liquid through lines 27, 28 and 34, tank 36, and lines 38 and 39, as described above in describing the process of redistributing the volatile cargo, which process starts during this loading period.
  • valve 57 is closed and line 69 disconnected from the source of supply.
  • the liquid spray 71 especially when vapor from space 41 is being entrained therein by the reduced pressure in the throat of the venturi 73 created by said spray, absorbs some of the vapor in the vapor space and thereby lowers the vapor pressure in the tank in which the spray is located, both during loading and during redistribution of the liquid cargo.
  • FIGURE 2 a second species of the invention is shown installed in a ship 74.
  • Ship 74 is essentially the same as ship 6, except it contains a single, combined cargo discharge and liquid distributing tank 76 instead of the two separate tanks 18 and 36 of FIGURE 1.
  • Ship 74 is shown listing to the left side of the drawing because there is temporarily more liquid 77 in tank 78 than there is liquid 79 in tank 81.
  • This liquid is redistributed in FIGURE 2 by pumping vapor out of the top of tank 76 through line 82 by suction from compressor 83, which compresses the vapors, which are then cooled and condensed into liquid by indirect heat exchange with cooling fluid in condenser 84, and returned as liquid through valves 87, and 88 and line 89 to tank 76.
  • the liquid entering tank 76 accumulates in the bottom of the left end of the tank as indicated by dotted line 91 and then drains down through line 92 and valve 93 into tank 81, thereby increasing the level of liquid 79.
  • valve 87 While a float valve like 31 of FIGURE 1 could be used in place of valve 87, in FIGURE 2, and vice versa, it is preferred sometimes to use motor valve 87 designed to open whenever the pressure in line 34 or 89 transmitted to the motor 102 through control line 103 falls below a predetermined value.
  • the temperature of liquid 91 in tank 36 or 76 depends on the pressure in line 34 or 89,
  • unloading line 104 is connected to a receiving tank (not shown) and then valves 106, 107, 108, 109, 111 and 112 are opened and valves 113, 86, 88, 94, 101, 93 and 97 are closed.
  • Compressor 83 draws vapor from tank 76 through line 82, compresses said vapor and pumps it through valve 107 and line 114 and valves 111 and 112 into tanks 78 and 81.
  • the superior vapor pressure in tanks 78 and 81 over that in tank 76 drives liquid 77 and 79 up liquid withdrawal pipes 116 and 117 into tank 76 until the liquid level rises to a predetermined level at which level control 118 closes valve 119.
  • control 118 will reopen valve 119. In this manner, a head of liquid above pump 114 sutficient to prevent the liquid vaporizing in pump 114 and discharge line 104 is maintained at all times, and yet the bottoms of tanks 78 and 81 can be in the bottom of the ship and lower than pump 114.
  • the tanks 78 and 81 can be loaded by connecting loading line 121 to a source of supply of the volatile liquid (not shown) under superior pressure and opening valves 113, 108 and 109.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a ship 122 having only one fore cargo tank 123 and one aft cargo tank 124.
  • the liquid distributing tank 126 has been oriented along the axis of the ship in order to compensate for fore and aft listing.
  • the vapor from tanks 123 and 124 flows into lines 127 and 128 through line 129 to compressor 131, which compresses the same so that it may be condensed to liquid in condenser 132 and returned through valve 133 (which may be like valve 32 or valve 87) and line 134 to tank 126.
  • the liquid in the lower end of tank 126 returns to whichever of tanks 123 or 124 is the highest through line 136 or 137.
  • ship 148 has four cargo tanks 149, 151, 152 and 153 located to fore and aft and port and starboard as shown.
  • the liquid distributing tank 154 is square and the liquid drains from the lowest corner of the distribut ing tank 154 to the highest cargo tank through the respective drain line 156, 157, 158 or 159.
  • One new heat insulation material that is especially good for nautical use is foamed glass, in which gas in solution in the molten glass under pressure is allowed to expand upon reduction of the pressure to form a great number of unconnected bubbles as a discontinuous phase in the continuous solid glass phase.
  • foamed glass in which gas in solution in the molten glass under pressure is allowed to expand upon reduction of the pressure to form a great number of unconnected bubbles as a discontinuous phase in the continuous solid glass phase.
  • This is sold as Foamglas and Foamsil by Pittsburgh Corning in slabs, pipes, half pipes and other shapes, and a fourinch blanket made of this material is very effective insulation and will not absorb moisture or induce corrosion of tanks or pipes under it.
  • a ship having a plurality of horizontally-spaced cargo tanks for containing a volatile liquid, means for collecting vapor from said tanks and compressing, cooling and condensing at least a portion'of said vapors into return liquid, and means to return said return liquid to said tanks, said last means being selective when said ship lists in one direction to return at least a major portion of said return liquid to one of said tanks that is located in the opposite direction on said ship, whereby said ship is at least partially righted.
  • a ship having a port tank and a starboard tank adapted to contain volatile liquid and an athwart ship tank disposed horizontally relative to the beam of said ship at an elevation above said port and starboard tanks, means to draw vapors from said port and starboard tanks and compress said vapors, means to cool and condense at least a portion of said compressed vapors into a return liquid, conduit means to return said return liquid to said athwart ship tank, conduit means for said return liquid connecting a port portion of said athwart ship tank to said starboard tank, and conduit means for said return liquid connecting a starboard portion of said athwart ship tank to said port tank, whereby at least a major portion of said return liquid will return to the one of said port and starboard tanks that is on the high side of said ship whenever said ship is listing.
  • conduit means to return said return liquid to said athwart ship tank comprises a valve in said conduit, and a motor opening said valve responsible to the pressure downstream of said valve dropping below a set value and closing said valve when said pressure rises above said set value.
  • conduit means to return said return liquid to said athwart ship tank comprises a tank in said conduit, a valve in said conduit downstream of said tank, and a float in said tank responsive to a rise in liquid level therein to open said valve and upon a fall in said level to close said valve.
  • a ship having a port and a starboard cargo tank for volatile liquids, an elevated cargo discharge tank, and an elevated liquid distributing tank extending athwart ship disposed horizontally to the beam of the ship and elevated above said cargo tanks, a liquid cargo unloading first conduit connected to a lower portion of said elevated cargo discharge tank and containing a pump positioned a substantial distance below said elevated cargo discharge tank, a valve in said first conduit, second and third vapor conduits connecting the upper portion of said elevated cargo discharge tank with the upper parts of said cargo tanks, a valve in each of said second and third conduits, fourth and fifth liquid withdrawal conduits connecting a lower portion of said cargo tanks with an upper portion of said elevated cargo discharge tank through a valve controlled to open at a set liquid level in said elevated cargo discharge tank and close when the liquid therein is above said level, said fourth and fifth conduits each having a valve therein, liquid drain conduits each connected to one side of said elevated liquid distributing tank and connected to the cargo tank on the other side of the ship, a sixth conduit connected to the upper portion of said
  • the liquid flow control valve in the sixth conduit comprises a tank having a liquid inlet and a vapor inlet connected to the upstream portion of said sixth conduit and an outlet connected to the downstream portion, a valve controlling said outlet, and a float moving said valve to open said outlet when the liquid in said tank rises above a set point and close said outlet when said liquid falls below said set point.
  • a ship having a port and a starboard cargo tank for volatile liquids, an elevated cargo discharge and liquid distributing tank extending athwart ship disposed horizontally to the beam of the ship and elevated above said cargo tanks, a liquid cargo unloading first conduit connected to a lower portion of said elevated tank and containing a pump positioned a substantial distance below said elevated tank, a valve in said first conduit, second and third vapor conduits connecting said elevated tank with the upper parts of said cargo tanks, a valve in each of said second and third conduits, fourth and fifth liquid withdrawal conduits connecting a lower portion of said cargo tanks with said elevated tank through a valve controlled to open at a set liquid level in said elevated tank and close when the liquid therein is above said level, said fourth and fifth conduits each having a valve therein, liquid drain conduits each connected to one side of said elevated tank and connected to the cargo tank on the other side of the ship, a sixth conduit connected to the upper portion of said elevated tank, a compressor, condenser, and liquid flow control valve in series in said sixth conduit, said
  • liquid fiow control valve in the sixth conduit comprises a downstream constant pressure control valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US221049A 1962-09-04 1962-09-04 Ship for transporting volatile liquid and process Expired - Lifetime US3114344A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

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US221049A US3114344A (en) 1962-09-04 1962-09-04 Ship for transporting volatile liquid and process
GB32867/63A GB992364A (en) 1962-09-04 1963-08-20 Ship for transporting volatile liquids
NL296865D NL296865A (en:Method) 1962-09-04 1963-08-20
FR946060A FR1372723A (fr) 1962-09-04 1963-08-29 Navire destiné au transport de liquides volatils
BE636894D BE636894A (en:Method) 1962-09-04 1963-09-02
DEP32515A DE1277059B (de) 1962-09-04 1963-09-03 Einrichtung zum Ausgleich von statischer Kraengung und/oder Bug- und Hecklastigkeit auf einem Fluessiggasschiff

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BE (1) BE636894A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1277059B (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1372723A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB992364A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL296865A (en:Method)

Cited By (14)

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US3280779A (en) * 1964-09-14 1966-10-25 Breit Eng Inc Waterborne freight-carrying vehicles
US3677021A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-07-18 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3680323A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-08-01 Kvaerner Brug As Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
USRE29424E (en) * 1970-10-15 1977-10-04 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
USRE29463E (en) * 1969-10-10 1977-11-01 Kvaerner Brug A/S Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
US4079594A (en) * 1974-01-23 1978-03-21 Tecnomare S.P.A. System for the self-compensated sinking of floating structures
US4232624A (en) * 1977-05-26 1980-11-11 Ingenieursbureau Marcon (Marine Consultants) B.V. Reservoir structure
WO1984001339A1 (en) * 1982-10-04 1984-04-12 Moss Rosenberg Verft As A device, a procedure and employment concerning diesel engines using two different fuels and employment of the device for starting such engines
US5058834A (en) * 1989-12-11 1991-10-22 General Electric Company Liquid balance control for spinning spacecraft
WO2000047463A1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Moss Maritime As Device for treatment of decoction from liquefied natural gas and use of an incineration plant for burning such decoction
US20140041398A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2014-02-13 Japan Marine United Corporation Boil-off gas processing apparatus and liquefied gas tank
EP2448812A4 (en) * 2009-06-30 2017-11-15 Hamworthy Oil & Gas Systems AS Method and system for storage and transport of liquefied petroleum gases
US12163627B2 (en) 2020-02-05 2024-12-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for delivering liquefied gas
CN119262191A (zh) * 2024-11-20 2025-01-07 中国船舶集团有限公司第七○八研究所 一种独立液舱、液货舱以及液态二氧化碳运输船

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BE550940A (en:Method) * 1955-09-16
US2550886A (en) * 1947-02-12 1951-05-01 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp System for conserving liquefied gases
US2938359A (en) * 1955-07-21 1960-05-31 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for storage and transportation of acetylene

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US2724357A (en) * 1949-04-07 1955-11-22 N A Hardin Barge trim adjustment for confined volatile fluids
US2959928A (en) * 1957-09-26 1960-11-15 California Research Corp Lpg tankship refrigeration system
NL131576C (en:Method) * 1960-03-07

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US2550886A (en) * 1947-02-12 1951-05-01 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp System for conserving liquefied gases
US2938359A (en) * 1955-07-21 1960-05-31 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for storage and transportation of acetylene
BE550940A (en:Method) * 1955-09-16

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3280779A (en) * 1964-09-14 1966-10-25 Breit Eng Inc Waterborne freight-carrying vehicles
USRE29463E (en) * 1969-10-10 1977-11-01 Kvaerner Brug A/S Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3677021A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-07-18 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3680323A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-08-01 Kvaerner Brug As Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
USRE29424E (en) * 1970-10-15 1977-10-04 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
US4079594A (en) * 1974-01-23 1978-03-21 Tecnomare S.P.A. System for the self-compensated sinking of floating structures
US4232624A (en) * 1977-05-26 1980-11-11 Ingenieursbureau Marcon (Marine Consultants) B.V. Reservoir structure
WO1984001339A1 (en) * 1982-10-04 1984-04-12 Moss Rosenberg Verft As A device, a procedure and employment concerning diesel engines using two different fuels and employment of the device for starting such engines
US5058834A (en) * 1989-12-11 1991-10-22 General Electric Company Liquid balance control for spinning spacecraft
WO2000047463A1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Moss Maritime As Device for treatment of decoction from liquefied natural gas and use of an incineration plant for burning such decoction
EP2448812A4 (en) * 2009-06-30 2017-11-15 Hamworthy Oil & Gas Systems AS Method and system for storage and transport of liquefied petroleum gases
US9982844B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2018-05-29 Wärtsilä Oil & Gas Systems As Method and system for storage and transport of liquefied petroleum gases
US10006589B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2018-06-26 Wärtsilä Oil & Gas Systems As Method and system for storage and transport of liquefied petroleum gases
US20140041398A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2014-02-13 Japan Marine United Corporation Boil-off gas processing apparatus and liquefied gas tank
US12163627B2 (en) 2020-02-05 2024-12-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for delivering liquefied gas
CN119262191A (zh) * 2024-11-20 2025-01-07 中国船舶集团有限公司第七○八研究所 一种独立液舱、液货舱以及液态二氧化碳运输船

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1372723A (fr) 1964-09-18
GB992364A (en) 1965-05-19
DE1277059B (de) 1968-09-05
BE636894A (en:Method) 1964-03-02
NL296865A (en:Method) 1965-05-25

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