US3113251A - Highly sensitive relay with permanent magnet and shunt - Google Patents

Highly sensitive relay with permanent magnet and shunt Download PDF

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Publication number
US3113251A
US3113251A US170746A US17074662A US3113251A US 3113251 A US3113251 A US 3113251A US 170746 A US170746 A US 170746A US 17074662 A US17074662 A US 17074662A US 3113251 A US3113251 A US 3113251A
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shunt
magnet
pieces
pole
permanent magnet
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US170746A
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Moser Robert
Morel Jacques
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/01—Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • HIGHLY SENSITIVE RELAY WITH PERMANENT MAGNET AND SHUNT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 2, 1962 WI Il United States Patent O g HIGHLY SENSE'IIVE RELAY WITH PERMANENT Relays are already lknown which include a magnetic circuit with a permanent magnet producing a ilux across the pole-pieces and the armature which may be increased or which may be reduced to zero by a flux produced by a winding inducing a magnetomotive lforce in said magnetic circuit.
  • Such relays are not sensitive since the flux produced by the winding should close over the permanent magnet, the reluctance of which is high and, consequently, any modification in ilux in such a circuit requires a high number of ampere-turns; in order to increase the sensitivity of such relays, it has been proposed to provide them with a magnetic shunt constituted by a member of magnetic metal inserted between the two pole-pieces. It has also been proposed to resort to a magnetic shun-t provided with a gap. In both cases, the total flux of the permanent magnet is subdivided between the elementary circuit closed over a fraction of the pole-pieces and the shunt and that including the pole-pieces and the armature.
  • Our invention removes this drawback by closing the circuit of the permanent magnet over the actual shunt and by securing the pole-pieces formed by small uprights to two points of said shunt, so as to provide the magnetomotive force required ⁇ for the armature circuit.
  • our improved relay includes chiefly fa permanent magnet, a magnetic circuit or shunt constituted by a member of a large cross-section extending from one pole of the magnet to the other, two pole-pieces of a highly magnetic metal secured to two points of said magnetic circuit or shunt, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces and an armature cooperating with said pole-pieces.
  • a second shunt positioned on the surface of the permanent magnet opposed to the first-mentioned shunt and said second shunt -is either axially movable, so as to provide/a modication in size of the gap Separating it from the magnet, or else, it is revol-vable so as to make the area of its surface facing the magnet poles vary.
  • Said adjustment by means of a second shunt may be associated with the adjustment provided by the rotation of the magnet, the second shunt adjusting the value of the flux in the first shunt, while the rotation of the magnet adjusts the sinusoidally varying value of the component of the magnetomotive force generating the iiux in the armature circuit.
  • FIG. 1 - is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the relay in its open condition.
  • FIG. 2 is a corresponding view with the relay in its closed condition.
  • FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2, the relay being in the condition corresponding to the beginning of its release.
  • ⁇ FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic end view of the lrelay taken from the left side of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the lvariation of the ilux in the shunt las a function of the magnetomotive yforce produced by the Winding or windings.
  • FIG. 6 is an axial sectional view of a iirst embodiment of the relay when complete.
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the relay illustrated in FIG. 6, showing 4the main components thereof.
  • FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 6, of a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a modication of the section including the permanent magnet and the shunts of a third embodiment.
  • the relay according to our invention includes essentially a permanent magnet 1, a shunt 2 of mild magnetic steel, two small uprights 3 of a magnetic material having a high permeability, forming the pole-pieces and secured to the magnetic shunt at two potentiometrically selected points thereof, windings 4 surrounding said uprights, an armature blade 5 of a magnetic material, having a high permeability and a spring 6 exerting on the armature a force opposing magnetic attraction.
  • the magnet I produces a fiux in the shunt 2.
  • the gaps formed by the armature in the relay when closed have a width of two microns with a surface of 0.05 sq. cm. and that the induction required for obtaining the desired attractive force, adapted to hold the armature against the force exerted by the spring with a suitable margin of safety, is equal to 5,000 gauss.
  • the total flux of the permanent magnet is subdivided between the two circuits: the cross-section of the shunt and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are selected in a manner such that the total flux pp may be equal to 2,250 maxwells, of which 2,000 maxwells forming the flux qbF-fpr, pass through the shunt between N1 and S1, while the remaining 250 maxwells forming the flux p1 pass through the armature circuit.
  • the reluctance of the shunt between N1 and S1 should therefore be equal to:
  • the armature circuit opens when the ux passing through the shunt between N1 and S1 has a value ranging between the two values 0 and pF-or, that is, equal to 115s with a magnetomotive force between N1 and S1 rising between 1.6 and 1.685 ampere-turns.
  • the reluctance of the shunt varies; the value 1.685 ampere-turns is only an approximate value and it is therefore interesting to select a shunt having a maximum permeability and to obtain a ratio p0/fpF-q5, as near unity as possible (FIG. 5).
  • the shunt 2 is given a shape of a cylindrical cup or dished member having a broad peripheral track 7 engaged by the poles of the circular magnet 1, provided advantageously with two fiat parallel lateral surfaces 8, the total flux inside the shunt will be constant and equal to a maximum by reason of the low reluctance of the contact gaps of a large area and very reduced width.
  • the magnetomotive force between two points of a magnetic flux being proportional to the spacing of said points measured along a line parallel with the axis of the flux, it is apparent that the electromotive force between N1 and S1 varies in the same manner as the cosine of the angle a, which is the angle of the magnetic axis of the magnet 1 with the line N1S1.
  • the total iiux in the shunt being defined by the permanent magnet 1 and the characteristic properties of the shunt formed by the cup 2, the modification in the magnetomotive force in the armature circuit is an arcuate sinusoidal function of said angle a. If the total flux of the shunt is caused to vary in any known manner, for instance by means of a secondary shunt which deilects a fraction of the flux of the permanent magnet, the value of the magnetomotive force will be a function of said further iiux, but the rotation of the flux thus modified by the rotation of the magnet and of the secondary shunt will still provide a sinusoidal modification of the magnetomotive force.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a mechanical embodiment of the above-described relay.
  • Said relay includes a cylindrical permanent magnet 1 with two parallel flat sides 8 along its lateral surface. As disclosed hereinafter, said magnet can revolve round a spindle of an amagnetic metal passing through an axial bore 9 in said magnet.
  • the magnet I cooperates with a circular dished shunt 2 made of mild magnetic steel and of which the edge 7 forms an annulus bearing against the ends of the permanent magnet 1.
  • Said dished shunt 2 is also provided with an axial bore 1li?. Its thickness is such that under the action of the flux generated by the permanent magnet, said shunt shows a maximum permeability and the magnetic ux passing through it is far from saturation ux.
  • the bottom of the dished shunt 2 is provided at two diametrically opposed points with bores inside which are fitted with a force fit the lower ends of two small cylindrical uprights 3 made of a highly magnetic material, that is, a material which provides a maximum permeability; in order to obtain however a sufficient induction in the gaps between the armature and the pole-pieces, the ends 11 of the uprights or pole-pieces 3 have a smaller diameter and, in order to reduce to the utmost the reluctance of the gap in front of the pole-pieces, the terminal surfaces of said pole-pieces are polished with a very high accuracy, so as to ensure a gap of only a few microns with the armature blade.
  • Two windings 41 are fitted over the small uprights 3 and are connected in series. They are held in position by a clamping plate 12 made of plastic material and fitted over the ends of the pole-pieces, while leaving the ends 11 of the latter free.
  • the plate 12 clamping the windings carries two studs 13 which serve for the guiding of the armature and its outer surface is provided round the central bore 14 in the plate with an arcuate recess in which is housed the lower end of frusto-conical spiral spring 15 corresponding to the spring 6 of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the armature rod 1.6 passes coaxially through the bores 9, 10, I4 in the permanent magnet 1, the dished shunt 2 and the clamping plate i12. It carries at its end facing the ends of the pole-pieces the armature 5 ⁇ made of high grade magnetic material. Its ends are provided with grooves engaged by circlip washers 17.
  • the relay illustrated in FIG. 8 is, for its major part, identical with that described hereinabove and the same components are designated by the same reference numbers.
  • the bore 1d, in the dished shunt 2 is tapped so as to be engaged by the threaded end of a rod 18 inside the hollow shunt of which the armature rod 16 can slide freely.
  • the bore 9 in the magnet y1 has an enlarged diameter so as to allow the passage through it of the threaded rod 13.
  • a secondary dished shunt -19 made of mild steel, of a shape similar to that of the ⁇ shunt 2, is fitted over the bolt 18 and its peripheral upstanding ange faces the magnet 1.
  • the adjustment of the gap between the magnet 1 and the secondary shunt 19 provides a modification in the absolute value of the flux produced in the primary shunt Z.
  • the rotation of the permanent magnet 1 provides a sinusoidal modification of the magnetomotive force generated between the two uprights or pole-pieces by the fiuX of which -the value is in its turn adjusted by the shunt 19.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a modification of the adjusting section which provides ⁇ the adjustment solely through rotation of a secondary shunt 21.
  • the magnet is held fast in position by projections ZZ forming abutments on the primary shun-t 2 for the lateral flat surfaces 8 of the magnet.
  • the secondary shunt t211 is formed by a cylindrical dished member provided withtwo flat lateral surfaces 23, so as to allow a modification in the area of the gap between the shunt 21 and the magnet 1.
  • the secondary shunt 21 is urged towards the magnet 1 by an elastic washer 24 clamped in position by the threaded rod 1S.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a magnetic dished shunt including a bottom, the thickness of which is the same as that of the magnet, a thick upstanding peripheral annular wall concentrically arranged with reference 4to the magnet and on which the ends of the magnet rest, two elongated pole-pieces of a highly magnetic material rigidly secured to two diametrically opposed points of the bottom of the shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces, an armature facing the outer ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the armature away from the pole-pieces.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a magnetic shunt including a central part and upstanding terminal parts on which the ends of the'magnet rest, two elongated pole pieces of a highly magnetic material rigidly secured to two longitudinally spaced points of the central part of the shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces, an armature facing the outer ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the armature away from the pole-pieces.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a magnetic shunt including a central part the thickness of which is substantially the same as that of the magnet and upstanding terminal parts on which the ends of the magnet rest, two elongated pole-pieces of a highly magnetic material rigidly secured to two longitudina-lly spaced points of the central part of the shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces, an armature facing the outer ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the armature away from the pole-pieces.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a magnetic dished shunt including a bottom and an upstanding peripheral annular wall concentric with the magnet and on which the ends of the magnet rest, two elongated pole-pieces of a highly magnetic material rigidly secured to two diametrically opposed points of the bottom of the shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces, an armature facing the outer ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the armature away from the polepieces.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a magnetic dished shunt including a bottom, thickness of which is substantially the same as that of the magnet, and a thick upstanding peripheral annular wall concentric with the magnet and the periphery of which registers with the magnet poles to allow the latter to slide along said periphery, a spindle of ⁇ a non-magnetic material axially connecting said permanent magnet and said shunt so as to allow relative angular movement between the permanent magnet and the shunt, two elongated pole-pieces of a highly magnetic material rigidly secured -to two diametrically opposed points on the bottom of the shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said poleapieces, an armature facing the outer ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the armature away from the pole-pieces.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a first magnetic dished shunt including a bottom and an upstanding peripheral annular wall concentric with the magnet, the periphery of said first shunt registering with the magnet poles to allow the latter to slide along said periphery, a second magnetic shunt shaped as a dished cylindrical element with two flat lateral surfaces, the parts of the upstanding annular wall of which are concentrically arranged with reference to the magnet and rest on the surface of the permanent magnet facing away from said first shunt, a spindle of a non-magnetic material axially connecting said permanent magnet and both said dished shunts while allowing the angular shifting of said second shunt relative to the permanent magnet .and of the permanent magnet relative to said first shunt, two elongated pole-pieces of a highly magnetic material secured to two diametrically opposed points on the bottom of said first shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a first magnetic dished shunt including a bottom and an upstanding peripheral annular wall concentric with the magnet on which the ends of the magnet rest, a second magnetic shunt shaped as a dished cylindrical element with an upstanding annular wall concentrically arranged with reference to the magnet and facing the surface of the permanent magnet facing away from said first shunt, a spindle of a non-magnetic material axially connecting said permanent magnet and both said dished shunts, means cooperating with said spindle and said second shunt to displace said second shunt towards and away from the permanent magnet, two elongated polepieces of a highly magnetic material secured to two diametrically opposed points on the bottom of said first shunt and facing away from the magnet, a winding carried by at least one of said pole-pieces, an armature facing the outer ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the armature away from the pole-pieces.
  • a highly sensitive relay comprising a permanent magnet, a first magnetic dished shunt including a bottom and an upstanding peripheral annular wall concentric with the magnet, abutments provided in said annular wall between which the ends of the magnet rest, a second magnetic shunt shaped as a dished cylindrical element with two fiat ⁇ lateral surfaces, the parts of the upstanding annular wall of which are concentrically arranged with reference to the magnet and rest on the surface of the permanent magnet facing away from said first shunt, a spindle of a non-magnetic material axially connecting said permanent magnet and both said dished shunts while allowing the angular shifting of said second shunt relative to the permanent magnet, two elongated pole-pieces 'i S of a highly magnetic material secured to two diametrical- References Cex in the file of this patent 1y ppOSd POlIlS O11 th@ bottom Of.
  • Sald flISt S'hllnt and facing away from tha magnet a Wmdmg carried by at 3 1 least one of said pole-pieces, an armature facing the outer 3620135 Wllson May 4 1887 ends of the pole-pieces, and elastic means urging the 1548596 Ghegan Aug 925

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
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US170746A 1961-02-06 1962-02-02 Highly sensitive relay with permanent magnet and shunt Expired - Lifetime US3113251A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR851988A FR1292229A (fr) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Relais à haute sensibilité réglable

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US3113251A true US3113251A (en) 1963-12-03

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US170746A Expired - Lifetime US3113251A (en) 1961-02-06 1962-02-02 Highly sensitive relay with permanent magnet and shunt

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US (1) US3113251A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH380243A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1194056B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1292229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB998096A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL274270A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190984A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-06-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Sealed contact transfer switch
US3470505A (en) * 1966-10-21 1969-09-30 Int Standard Electric Corp Bistable diaphragm relay
US3486078A (en) * 1965-12-04 1969-12-23 Mini Ind Const Masini Converter amplifier
US5365210A (en) * 1993-09-21 1994-11-15 Alliedsignal Inc. Latching solenoid with manual override
US5389910A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-02-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Solenoid encasement with variable reluctance
US20080204177A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2008-08-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Pendulum Drive System for Personal Care Appliances

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0051702B1 (en) * 1980-11-06 1985-05-02 The Jacobs Manufacturing Company Improved solenoid

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US362135A (en) * 1887-05-03 Polarized electro-magnet
US1548596A (en) * 1921-06-11 1925-08-04 John J Ghegan Adjustable magnetic yoke
US1770090A (en) * 1927-04-20 1930-07-08 James R Brockman Current-limiting device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE890992C (de) * 1940-12-23 1953-09-24 Siemens Ag Elektromagnet
US2784352A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-03-05 Siemens Ag Alternating-current control apparatus with holding magnets
FR1246839A (fr) * 1959-10-10 1960-11-25 Circuit électromagnétique polarisé à haute perméabilité initiale

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US362135A (en) * 1887-05-03 Polarized electro-magnet
US1548596A (en) * 1921-06-11 1925-08-04 John J Ghegan Adjustable magnetic yoke
US1770090A (en) * 1927-04-20 1930-07-08 James R Brockman Current-limiting device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190984A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-06-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Sealed contact transfer switch
US3486078A (en) * 1965-12-04 1969-12-23 Mini Ind Const Masini Converter amplifier
US3470505A (en) * 1966-10-21 1969-09-30 Int Standard Electric Corp Bistable diaphragm relay
US5389910A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-02-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Solenoid encasement with variable reluctance
US5365210A (en) * 1993-09-21 1994-11-15 Alliedsignal Inc. Latching solenoid with manual override
US20080204177A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2008-08-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Pendulum Drive System for Personal Care Appliances
US7852182B2 (en) * 2005-08-05 2010-12-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Pendulum drive system for personal care appliances

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Publication number Publication date
CH380243A (fr) 1964-07-31
DE1194056B (de) 1965-06-03
GB998096A (en) 1965-07-14
NL274270A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR1292229A (fr) 1962-05-04

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