US3112194A - Molten bath treating method and apparatus - Google Patents

Molten bath treating method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3112194A
US3112194A US63627A US6362760A US3112194A US 3112194 A US3112194 A US 3112194A US 63627 A US63627 A US 63627A US 6362760 A US6362760 A US 6362760A US 3112194 A US3112194 A US 3112194A
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United States
Prior art keywords
stream
oxygen
fluid
chamber
lance
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Expired - Lifetime
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US63627A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vries Joseph E De
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to US63627A priority Critical patent/US3112194A/en
Priority to GB35026/61A priority patent/GB991120A/en
Priority to BE609195A priority patent/BE609195A/fr
Priority to LU40723D priority patent/LU40723A1/xx
Priority to DEU8404A priority patent/DE1286525B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3112194A publication Critical patent/US3112194A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors

Definitions

  • oxygen or other gases lfor treating steel while still in the open hearth or electrical furnace has long been recognized. While the following discussion will be limited to the use of oxygen as the treating gas, nosuch llimitation is intended since any number of gases may be handled by the disclosed device. lt has been generally accepted in ⁇ the industry, and is becoming more Widely practiced, that the introduction of oxygen and/or other fluids directly into the molten bath not only effectively reduces the required refining period, but also provides a higher quality of finished metal product.
  • One of the essential problems related to the injection of oxygen into a molten bath stems from the conception that, in order to function properly, the oxygen must be delivered to the bath at a ⁇ suliicient velocity to penetrate the slag accumulation which normally lies on the bath surface.
  • One method of accomplishing this is to utilize a sufficient gas pressure that the high velocity fluid stream or streams penetrate the slag and are forceably injected into the bath. it has been found that such streams may take the form of a plurality of small divergently directed jets, or may even constitute a single large diameter stream.
  • the primary purpose is to cause the oxygen to penetrate the slag layer and impinge on the bared molten surface; this is contrasted with the present invention which relies on the production of an oxygen flow having a very high angular velocity and a relatively low axial component such that the slag is urged into a circulatory motion rather than merely being penetrated by the impinging fluid.
  • a lance for intr'oducing oxygen or other treating material is positioned with the discharge nozzle a :relatively short distance from the intensely hot bath surface in order to take full advantage of the high Velocity of the fluid being delivered.
  • This results in considerable bath agitation, with particles off molten metal and slag being splashed violently about. Many of these particles, of course, strike and adhere to the lance outer surface where a metallic build-up gradually forms especially in the vicinity of the lance nozzle. It has been found that one oi the most practical methods for protecting the lancefrom intense furnace heat is to adequately cool the apparatus preferably with a circulatory coolant system.
  • a further object is to provide an apparatus for delivering a circulatory, tornado-like stream of fluid onto a molten slag covered bath to outwardly displace slag accumulations ytoward the furnace walls and thereby facilitate impingement of said fluid onto the exposed bath surface.
  • Another object is to provide a method for introducing a low Velocity stream of treating material to a molten bath surface in conjunction with a second stream having high rotational velocity.
  • Still a further object is to provide a method for introducing a fuel gas into the evacuated center of a rapidly rotating gas stream.
  • FlG. l is a ver-tical cross-sectional view of a lance embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged View in cross-section of ano-ther embodiment of the lance nozzle
  • FIG. 3 is a View in cross-section taken along line 4 4 of FlG. l;
  • FIG. 4 is a View in cross-section taken along line 5-S of FlG. 1.
  • the apparatus of the invention provides an elongated lance adapted for insertion through the shell of a metallurgical furnace to direct a swirling stream of fluid onto a slag covered, molten bath surface for the purpose of exposing said surface so that the fluid stream may impinge directly thereon.
  • the lance comprises a plurality of concentrically positioned tubes of different diameters so disposed as to define concentric annular passages therebetween.
  • a manifold fixed to the upper end of the respective tubes provides a closure for introducing additive fluids to be injected into the bath, and also provides means for directing coolant uid into and out ofthe lance.
  • a nozzle assembly positioned at the ⁇ forward end of said tubes includes a vortex chamber in which oxygen and/ or other fluids being utilized inthe bath treating process may l be formed into a swirling mass, and thence ejected from the nozzle discharge toward the bath surface as a rotating tornado-like stream having a partially evacuated center.
  • a lance embodying the principles of this invention is shown at lil and includes a central conduit 12
  • a uid such as natural gas
  • oxygen will be referred to as the addtive material.
  • Concentrically disposed, elongated tubes ld, lo and lli are enclosed at the top end by a manifold 2li having lateral openings provided for receiving flexible conduits whereby oxygen or other treating gases may be directed into, and coolant fluid may be circulated through, the lance.
  • the central conduit l2 is positioned at the manifold upper surface by a threaded coupling 2.2 also adapted for connection to a fluid source. ln operation of the lance, the central conduit 12 may also provide a vacuum tap into the vortex chamber 32.
  • the nozzle comprises essentially a cylindrical core piece 3d into which an elongated vortex chamber 32 is fonmed, preferably coaxial with the lance. .A passage 3d extending through the rear wall of said core piece is communicably joined to the lower end of conduit l2. whereby additive materials such ⁇ as powdered desulphurizing or deoxidizing agent, or fuel gas may be injected into chamber 32.
  • the chamber itself is preferably formed with the rear wall 53, and cylindrical side walls which terminate at a rather yforward discharge opening 36 at the nozzle iace.
  • FIG. 2 An alternate embodiment of the nozzle portion of a lance is illustrated in FEG. 2 wherein the central core piece 36' is substantially as described in respect to the nozzle in FiG. 1 including the oxygen ports 42', 44', 46 and 4 which are directed into the central vortex charnber 32.
  • Said chamber as shown is substantially cylindrical, with rear .wall 33 oppositely positioned from a discharge opening 36'.
  • a longitudinal portion of said chamber, rearwardly adjacent the discharge opening, is provided with an outwardly flared surface 39.
  • a nozzle of this type is primarily adapted for introducing a flow of oxygen or similar treating gas to the bath with no further additive incorporated in the fluid stream.
  • the center portion ⁇ will achieve a varying degree of vacuum. It may thereby be seen that powdered additive material or a treating gas, introduced to the upper end of chamber 32 through passage 34, will be drawn downwardly and thence carried toward the nozzle discharge port within the central low pressure section.
  • the laterally disposed, constricted passages 42, 44, 46 and 4S open into the rear portion of chamber 32, and are preferably biased toward the ⁇ discharge opening 35 to provide the entering oxygen streams with ya velocity component parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber.
  • the biasing angle A may be between about 7 and 83 degrees, but is determined primarily such that the entering oxygen streams, on striking the cylindrical side walls of chamber 32, will have adequate opportunity to form into the desired swirling motion ⁇ and thereby become consolidated into a unitary mass prior to discharge from the nozzle face.
  • the respective lateral ports (44) terminate substantially tangential to the Wall of chamber 32 whereby an oxygen stream, on entering said chamber, will be immediately guided against the cylindrical wall and thus initiated to the swirling motion. While the respective ports are shown in FIG. 4 as spaced approximately 99 apart, this is not an essential requirement; the actual number and disposition of said ports is primarily a function of the amount of oxygen to be delivered, and the available back pressure on the gas for making such delivery. Also, while the ports are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as being longitudinally positioned along the Wall of chamber 32, the desired circulatory flow may also be obtained by other means, such as a single ring of ports disposed near the upper end of the chamber.
  • the oxygen ports in the present embodiment preferably enter chamber 32 toward the rear wall 33 and are, as shown, longitudinally spaced along the chamber Wall to provide uniformity of ow to the swirling gas. While, as previously mentioned, it is preferable to direct the entering oxygen streams tangentially along the vortex chamber wall; from a practical point of View, this is not always possible. Tiercfore, it is only necessary in determining the angle of the entering oxygen streams, to assure that the respective ports do not come too close to a radial relationship ywith the chamber longitudinal axis. This will preclude the streams conflicting with each other, a condition which would tend to hamper or even prevent the formation of the tornado-like oxygen flow.
  • the oxygen ports are preferably formed with a rather small diameter or jet configuration in relation to the discharge opening 36 so that the forward impetus provided the gas on entering the vortex chamber 32 ywill maintain the swirling motion. Should the discharge velocity be too low at the lance face thereby minimizing the center vacuum, there will be a tendency for the issuing tornado-like gas stream to collapse prior to reaching the bath surface and thereby be rendered substantially ineffectual for displacing slag.
  • the axial flow rate of oxygen at the discharge opening 36, with respect to the lance axis may be as low ⁇ as about 10) feet per second while the angular component is about 3500 radians per second; this is contrasted with the normal injection velocity in other lances of from 500 to about 1060 feet per second, with zero angular velocity.
  • coolant fluid generally a liquid ⁇ and preferably water
  • the lower end of said passage terminates at the rear face 52 of the core piece into which surface coolant channels 54 are formed.
  • Said channels extend longitudinally of the core piece, and outwardly adjacent the central vortex chamber.
  • the respective channels 54 communicate with an annulus 56, the lower surface of which constitutes the rear surface of the nozzle forward face. It is this face portion that is generally subjected to the severest damaging influence of both furnace heat and metal splash.
  • the annular chamber 56 is formed with ⁇ a curved lower surface to reduce the amount of fiuidturbulence caused by the downward flowing coolant while entering said chamber, and thence being diverted into the outer annular passage 58.
  • Passage 58 as seen in the gures, is defined by the adjacent cylindrical walls 33 and 6d, rearwardly extending from the nozzle forward end. Heat from the lance outer surface is dissipated by the sweep of coolant along the outer walls of passage 53 and, as previously mentioned, by passing the coolant at a relatively high velocity, there will be less opportunity for formation of a steam layer on the inner wall.
  • a baffle in passage 53 to limit the cross-sectional area of the annular' passage, provides the wat; flow with increased velocity and consequently greater heat transfer capacity.
  • One embodiment of a baiiie adaptable to the invention comprises a formed helix 64 disposed in said passage to define a circuitous channel.
  • the baille itself need not extend the entire length of the lance and is preferably confined to the nozzle lower section where cooling is most desirous.
  • the bale 64 may constitute a single length of wire or rod having a diameter approximately the size of the passage opening, it has been found that other suitable means may be utilized to restrict the open area of passage 58 and thereby achieve the necessary increased flow velocity.
  • the cooling fluid may be discharged through an appropriate outlet in manifold 26 to a connecting hose.
  • FIG. l Another useful aspect of the lance stems from employment of the apparatus, as shown in FIG. l, in directing a stream of fluid such as natural gas, toward a molten bath for heating purposes.
  • the center tube 12 will conduct a ow of combustible gas axially into the chamber 32 and thence into the evacuated center of the oxygen stream.
  • the agent may be controllably metered into conduit l2 through the manifold 2f?.
  • oxygen was directed into the lance at a rate of approximately 15 cubic feet per hour.
  • the oxygen streams were lguided in a spiral path to form the tornado-like swirling mass having a center portion in which the ⁇ degree of vacuum was determined to be approximately 15 inches of mercury.
  • the center vacuum was found to vary from between inches of water to 15 inches of mercury as the rate of oxygen flow increased from 2000 to 15,000 cubic feet per hour. It is therefore understandable that the formation of a vacuum center in the tornado-like flow of ⁇ oxygen is dependent on both the amount of oxygen used and also upon the angle at which oxygen streams enter the vortex chamber.
  • the molten, slag covered bath will receive a circulatory flow of oxygen having two essential purposes.
  • a still further useful aspect of the invention to achieve an improved treating process resides in the use of a flow of water which is introduced into the oxygen stream or alternatively into the stream of additive material. This may be accomplished by introducing a flow of water through a suitable inlet connection at the rear end of the apparatus or directly into the central additive tube. It has been found that the water entering the forward, tubular chamber, tends to coat the walls and thus prevent thermal deterioration. lt has also been found that discrete amounts of water injected into the furnace reaction zone will have the desirable effect of reducing the amount of smoke which is produced by the process while not deterring from overall efficiency.
  • the amount of water with respect to the amount of oxygen injected into the furnace may be in the ratio of about a half pound of water to a pound of oxygen. While the addition of water in itself has been previously employed as a smoke deterrent, the effectiveness of such addition has been limited by the usually inferior means of injection. I have found that by introducing the water in the form of droplets such as produced by injecting the water flow into the center of the swirling oxygen stream, the degree of smoke resulting from the treating process may be reduced by at least percent.
  • the hereindescribed lance affords not only a safer method for treating a molten bath, but it also assures a prolonged apparatus life since the detrimental effects of heat and metal splash to both lance and furnace have been greatly reduced.
  • Use of the lance also affords a novel means for introducing a fuel gas or powdered additive to the bath thereby making the lance itself a highly desirable tool in the refining of molten metals. It is understood with respect to the present disclosure that certain modifications and changes might be effected in the apparatus and process without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • Process for chemically treating a slag covered molten bath with a composite stream of ffuid which comprises: directing a high velocity flow of an additive fluid to an elongated chamber, forming said flow against the chamber walls into a swirling stream having an evacuated center, introducing to said center a iluidized flow of a second additive material in a direction substantially axially to the swirling stream to form an axial stream therefor, discharging the swirling stream together with the axial stream toward the bath surface whereby both the slag and the metal surface may be urged into rotative movement permitting said second axial stream to be deposited on said surface with a minimum of splash.
  • Process for treating a slag covered molten bath with a composite stream of fluid which comprises: directing a high velocity flow of oxygen to an elongated cylindrical chamber, forming said flow into a swirling stream having a radial velocity not substantially less than 3500 radians per second to establish a low pressure center portion in said stream, introducing to said center portion a low velocity flow of additive fluid in a direction substantially axial to the stream, and discharging the swirling stream together with the additive fluid into the molten bath, whereby said stream on expanding will maintain the low pressure center portion and urge said slag and melt surface into a rotative movement thereby permitting the low velocity flow of fluid to be deposited thereon with a minimum of splash.
  • a lance for discharging a swirling stream of treating fluid toward a slag covered molten bath to impinge said fluid against the bath surface, said lance having axially disposed elongated tubes defining a plurality of annular passages therebetween for separately conducting said fluid and a coolant material longitudinally through said passages, a closure for relatively positioning the upper extremities of said tubes in fixed relation and for providing said annular passages with flows of said fluid and said coolant material, a nozzle communicably engaging said tubes, said nozzle having an outer face exposed to the bath surface, fluid passages in said nozzle for circulating said coolant material, an elongated chamber extending longitudinally through the nozzle having a discharge opening terminating at the nozzle face, means for introducing a high velocity flow of treating fluid laterally into said chamber in a direction substantially tangential to the chamber wall whereby said fluid may be urged along said wall and formed thereby into a swirling stream prior to leaving the discharge port.
  • a lance for discharging a swirling stream of treating iluid toward a slag covered molten bath to irnpinge said fluid against the bath surface said lance having concentrically disposed elongated tubes dening therebetween annular uid conducting passages for separately conducting said Huid and a coolant material longitudinally through the lance, a closure for relatively positioning the upper ends of said tubes in fixed relationship and for providingT said annular passages with flows of said fluid and said coolant material, the discharge end of said lance comprising: a nozzle having concentrically disposed cylindrical walls engaging the lower end of said tubes, the outer face of said nozzle exposed to the bath surf-ac means in said nozzle for circulating said coolant material, the inner of said cylindrical walls deiining an elongated vortex chamber extending axially of said nozzle, said chamber being rearwardly dened by a wall, a discharge opening in said chamber diametrically opposed to said wall and terminating at the nozzle face, lateral ports opening into
  • the nozzle portion comprises: a face exposed to the bath, passages for conducting said coolant fluid, an inner cylindrical wall defining a chamber disposed substantially axially of said lance, said chamber having a rear wall diametrically opposed from an opening, said opening terminating at the nozzle face, an accumulator chamber communicating with an annular passage for conducting said fluid, laterally disposed ports communicating said accumulator chamber with said vortex chamber for delivering high velocity flows of said uid to said vortex chamber in a direction substantially tangential to the cylindrical walls whereby said ows may be guided by said walls into a swirling stream and discharged toward the bath in a tornado-like stream.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US63627A 1960-10-19 1960-10-19 Molten bath treating method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3112194A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63627A US3112194A (en) 1960-10-19 1960-10-19 Molten bath treating method and apparatus
GB35026/61A GB991120A (en) 1960-10-19 1961-09-29 Improvements in lances for metal refining
BE609195A BE609195A (fr) 1960-10-19 1961-10-16 Lance pour traitement d'un bain fondu
LU40723D LU40723A1 (en)) 1960-10-19 1961-10-17
DEU8404A DE1286525B (de) 1960-10-19 1961-10-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln eines schlackenbedeckten geschmolzenen Metallbades mittels eines Gasstromes

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63627A US3112194A (en) 1960-10-19 1960-10-19 Molten bath treating method and apparatus

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US3112194A true US3112194A (en) 1963-11-26

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BE (1) BE609195A (en))
DE (1) DE1286525B (en))
GB (1) GB991120A (en))
LU (1) LU40723A1 (en))

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3304173A (en) * 1961-07-27 1967-02-14 United States Steel Corp Method of adding solids and oxygen to an open hearth furnace
US3316082A (en) * 1964-12-08 1967-04-25 Inland Steel Co Oxygen steelmaking
US3323905A (en) * 1963-09-23 1967-06-06 Oesterr Alpine Montan Method and apparatus for adding agents for forming and/or treating the slag in iron baths
US3347660A (en) * 1960-11-28 1967-10-17 Union Carbide Corp Method for refining metals
US3385587A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-05-28 Union Carbide Corp High-capacity multijet oxygen lances
US3519259A (en) * 1968-05-06 1970-07-07 Union Carbide Corp Furnace jet devices
US3559623A (en) * 1968-01-25 1971-02-02 Lorraine Laminage Lance for blowing oxygen into a kaldo furnace
US3661560A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-05-09 British Steel Corp Manganese control in basic steelmaking process
US3891428A (en) * 1966-03-24 1975-06-24 Za Zvetni Metali Dimiter Blago Method for treating non-ferrous metal slag
US4264057A (en) * 1978-06-22 1981-04-28 Messer Griesheim Process and device for increasing the useful life of gas scavenging lances with porous graphite flush heads
FR2629838A1 (fr) * 1986-09-22 1989-10-13 Aluminum Co Of America Procede et appareil d'introduction d'un materiau fluide dans un bain de metal fondu
DE102009041057A1 (de) * 2009-09-10 2011-04-21 Saar-Metallwerke Gmbh Brennerplattform und Brennersystem umfassend eine Brennerplattform für einen Lichtbogenofen
CN109161637A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2019-01-08 上海大学 龙卷风氧枪
US10226778B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2019-03-12 Carbonxt, Inc. Systems, lances, nozzles, and methods for powder injection resulting in reduced agglomeration

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7687020B2 (en) * 2006-12-15 2010-03-30 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Apparatus for injecting material into a vessel
CN101303196B (zh) 2006-12-15 2011-12-14 技术资源有限公司 用于将气体注入到容器内的装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US774930A (en) * 1903-05-11 1904-11-15 Horace F Brown Process of reducing ores.
US1748750A (en) * 1927-02-25 1930-02-25 Electro Metallurg Co Process of making low-carbon ferro-alloys
US2644746A (en) * 1949-08-31 1953-07-07 Voest Ag Process for refining steel with pure oxygen
US2892699A (en) * 1956-08-27 1959-06-30 Henry J Kaiser Company Metallurgical process
FR1211977A (fr) * 1958-01-13 1960-03-21 Arbed Dispositif d'insuffiation de matières solides dans un bain métallique

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE564784A (en)) *
DE843097C (de) * 1949-08-31 1952-07-03 Voest Ag Verfahren zum Frischen von Stahl mit reinem Sauerstoff
DE1035907B (de) * 1955-08-25 1958-08-07 Paul Menzen Dr Ing Vorrichtung zur Einbringung feinteiliger Feststoffe in fluessiges Metall
FR1221074A (fr) * 1958-01-29 1960-05-31 British Oxygen Co Ltd Traitement de produits ferreux
FR1241795A (fr) * 1959-08-10 1960-09-23 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Nouveau procédé d'élaboration d'acier

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US774930A (en) * 1903-05-11 1904-11-15 Horace F Brown Process of reducing ores.
US1748750A (en) * 1927-02-25 1930-02-25 Electro Metallurg Co Process of making low-carbon ferro-alloys
US2644746A (en) * 1949-08-31 1953-07-07 Voest Ag Process for refining steel with pure oxygen
US2892699A (en) * 1956-08-27 1959-06-30 Henry J Kaiser Company Metallurgical process
FR1211977A (fr) * 1958-01-13 1960-03-21 Arbed Dispositif d'insuffiation de matières solides dans un bain métallique

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3347660A (en) * 1960-11-28 1967-10-17 Union Carbide Corp Method for refining metals
US3304173A (en) * 1961-07-27 1967-02-14 United States Steel Corp Method of adding solids and oxygen to an open hearth furnace
US3323905A (en) * 1963-09-23 1967-06-06 Oesterr Alpine Montan Method and apparatus for adding agents for forming and/or treating the slag in iron baths
US3316082A (en) * 1964-12-08 1967-04-25 Inland Steel Co Oxygen steelmaking
US3385587A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-05-28 Union Carbide Corp High-capacity multijet oxygen lances
US3891428A (en) * 1966-03-24 1975-06-24 Za Zvetni Metali Dimiter Blago Method for treating non-ferrous metal slag
US3559623A (en) * 1968-01-25 1971-02-02 Lorraine Laminage Lance for blowing oxygen into a kaldo furnace
US3519259A (en) * 1968-05-06 1970-07-07 Union Carbide Corp Furnace jet devices
US3661560A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-05-09 British Steel Corp Manganese control in basic steelmaking process
US4264057A (en) * 1978-06-22 1981-04-28 Messer Griesheim Process and device for increasing the useful life of gas scavenging lances with porous graphite flush heads
FR2629838A1 (fr) * 1986-09-22 1989-10-13 Aluminum Co Of America Procede et appareil d'introduction d'un materiau fluide dans un bain de metal fondu
DE102009041057A1 (de) * 2009-09-10 2011-04-21 Saar-Metallwerke Gmbh Brennerplattform und Brennersystem umfassend eine Brennerplattform für einen Lichtbogenofen
US10226778B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2019-03-12 Carbonxt, Inc. Systems, lances, nozzles, and methods for powder injection resulting in reduced agglomeration
CN109161637A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2019-01-08 上海大学 龙卷风氧枪
CN109161637B (zh) * 2018-07-13 2020-08-04 上海大学 龙卷风氧枪

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Publication number Publication date
BE609195A (fr) 1962-02-15
GB991120A (en) 1965-05-05
DE1286525B (de) 1969-01-09
LU40723A1 (en)) 1961-12-18

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