US3108912A - Magnetic material - Google Patents
Magnetic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3108912A US3108912A US60720A US6072060A US3108912A US 3108912 A US3108912 A US 3108912A US 60720 A US60720 A US 60720A US 6072060 A US6072060 A US 6072060A US 3108912 A US3108912 A US 3108912A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- bodies
- magnetic
- permeability
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest following hot rolling
Definitions
- the construction of the many types of induction apparatus magnetic materials having diverse and often special magnetic properties are required.
- the applications in which any given magnetic material may be used depend upon such properties as the coercive force, permeability and residual induction.
- the construction and operation of certain types of communications equipment have required the use of special alloys or specially constructed bodies to achieve essential magnetic properties.
- the permeability should be substantially constant and the eddy current losses low, particularly at low field strengths, to obtain true reproduction of sound.
- Perminvars which are alloys usually containing from about to 55 weight percent nickel, to 60 weight percent cobalt, remainder substantially all iron, have substantially constant permeability but the particular metals used render them comparatively expensive.
- the Perminvar composition ranges listed are not intended as limiting since other proportions of the constituent metals may deliver suitable properties for some uses. Further information regarding Perminvars and related alloys can be obtained from publications such as Ferromagnetism, by Richard M. Bozorth, published in 1956 by D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
- a principal object of this invention is to provide bodies of silicon-iron alloys having substantially constant magnetic permeability.
- Another object of this invention is to provide ironbase bodies containing from 4 to 6 weight percent silicon which have substantially constant permeabilities in low magnetic fields.
- a further object of this invention is to provide siliconiron alloy bodies oriented in the (110) [001] crystalline orientation, which bodies have substantially constant magnetic permeability.
- An additional object of this invention is to provide a process for producing silicon-iron alloy bodies having substantially constant magnetic permeabilities.
- FIG. 1 shows hysteresis curves for oriented siliconiron alloy bodies used to produce bodics'according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows hysteresis curves of the unique bodies of this invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the hysteresis curves of the bodies of FIG. 2 following additional treatment.
- the bodies of the present invention are made of high-purity iron-base alloys containing from 4 to 6 weight percent silicon and not more than about 0.01 Weight percent incidental impurities. These bodies, when processed according to the method of the invention, have substantially constant magnetic permeabilities.
- the novel process of this invention comprises preparing a highpurity alloy of the composition previously mentioned and processing it through a plurality of hot and cold rolling stages with intermediate anneals to develop a strong (110) [001] crystalline orientation. The oriented bodies are then given a final anneal in selected atmospheres to produce the constant permeability.
- cast ingots are prepared by vacuum melting high-purity iron and silicon together in proportions such that the silicon content of the final alloy falls between 4 to 6 percent.
- the impurity content of the cast alloy should not exceed 0.010 weight percent as a maximum and should preferably not exceed more than about 0.006 weight percent.
- the normal content for some of the more usual impurities is carbon, 0.001; sulfur, 0.001; oxygen, 0.001; and nitrogen, 0.0005; the remainder being minor metallic impurities which are normally present.
- a cast ingot is obtained, it is hot rolled to 0.25 inch.
- the material is annealed at 700 C. to 1200 C. for-from about 0.1 to 1.0 hour in dry hydrogen, that is, hydrogen which is substantially nonoxidizing to silicon, viz., dew point no higher than 40 F.
- the slabs are then rolled at from 700 to 1000 C. to about 0.100 inch thickness.
- the material at this stage is subjected to an annealing at temperatures ranging from about 700 C. to 1200" C. for a time sufficient to recrystallize the hot-worked texture, e.g., about 0.1 to 10 hours in a substantially nonoxidizing atmosphere such as dry hydrogen.
- dry hydrogen means hydrogen having a dew point no higher than 40 F., unless specified to the contrary.
- the annealed product is then cold worked at least 25 percent in substantially the same direction (e.g., over the range of 40 percent to 99.5 percent) using intermediate anneals where required when more than one reduction stage is used to arrive at thicknesses ranging up to about 0.015 inch.
- the intermediate anneal which is also carried out under substantially nonoxidizing conditions may range in temperature from about 700 C. to 1200 C. for a time sufficient to effect recrystallization, such as 0.1 hour to 10 hours.
- the coldworked material is then subjected to an anneal at an elevated temperature in a selected environment for a suificient time to effect secondary recrystallization.
- Temperatures for the final anneal may range from about 1000 C. to 1350 C. for times ranging up to about 16 hours for thicknesses ranging up to about 0.015 inch, the annealing time increasing with increasing thickness and decreasing with increasing temperature. Generally, times as low as 1 hour are adequate at the high temperatures.
- Suitable environments for use during the final anneal include hydrogen having a dew point no higher than about F. and vacuum, pressures no higher than 1 10 mm. of mercury being suitable.
- the oxygen then diffuses into the ried out in such a Way that the bodies are subjected to body of the material, causing the change in magnetic the presence of a minor amount of oxygen, th oxygen proper-ties. It is believed that the oxygen can be supplied being 'felt responsible for the achievement of the unique by means other than alumina plate as, for example, by magnetic properties.
- a dry hydrogen atmosphere can be providing a small amount of free oxygen in the hydrogen used for this a al a xygen introduced aCC P atmosphere during annealing. Test results indicate that the desired properties.
- An alumina supporting plate has it the material is annealed in dry hydrogen alone, no been found efiective in supplying the required oxygen, as change in the magnetic properties is obtained. Similarly, later shown.
- the properties remain unchanged if the material is placed samples are cooled at the rate ranging from about 50 to on plates of alumina and annealed in an argon atmos- 200 C. per hour. phere at the same temperature.
- an initial body of 0.012 inch thickness stant permeability is obtained and specifically to deter- Was produced according to the procedure outlined earlier, mine whether the effect was caused by an oxide layer at and after the final reduction to 0.012 inch, was annealed the surface of the alloy specimen which exerted compresat 1200 C. in a vacuum at a pressure of about 6 X10- sive or tensile stresses on the material, the samples were mm. of mercury for 6 hours. This heat treatment caused electropolished to remove about 1 mil from the over-all the samples to orient in the (110) [001] crystalline thickness of the specimens.
- said body having substantially constant magnetic permea ability when subjected to applied magnetic fields of from about 0.1 oersted to fields wherein induction approaches saturation.
- An article of manufacture comprising, a high-purity alloy body of up to 15 mils thickness having a majority of its constituent grains oriented in the [001] crystalline orientation and consisting of from about 4 to 6 weight percent silicon, remainder substantially all iron, and containing not more than about 0.010 weight percent incidental impurities, said body having substantially constant magnetic permeability.
- An article of manufacture comprising, a high-purity alloy body of up to 15 mils thickness having a majority of its constituent grains oriented in the (110) [001] crystalline orientation and consisting of from about 4 to 6 weight percent silicon, remainder substantially all iron, and containing not more than about 0.010 weight percent incidental impurities, said body having substantially constant magnetic permeability when subjected to applied fields of up to about 2 oersteds.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL269815D NL269815A (da) | 1960-10-05 | ||
US60720A US3108912A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1960-10-05 | Magnetic material |
LU40591D LU40591A1 (da) | 1960-10-05 | 1961-09-11 | |
FR875110A FR1311884A (fr) | 1960-10-05 | 1961-10-05 | Matériaux magnétiques |
US269645A US3162554A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1963-04-01 | Heat treatment of grain oriented steel to obtain a substantially constant magnetic permeability |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US60720A US3108912A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1960-10-05 | Magnetic material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3108912A true US3108912A (en) | 1963-10-29 |
Family
ID=22031331
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US60720A Expired - Lifetime US3108912A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1960-10-05 | Magnetic material |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3108912A (da) |
LU (1) | LU40591A1 (da) |
NL (1) | NL269815A (da) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3247031A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1966-04-19 | Armco Steel Corp | Method of hot rolling nickel-iron magnetic sheet stock |
US3259530A (en) * | 1963-09-18 | 1966-07-05 | Permag Corp | Method of double ageing a magnetic hysteresis alloy |
US3355724A (en) * | 1964-10-20 | 1967-11-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic material and devices utilizing same |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1569355A (en) * | 1920-12-21 | 1926-01-12 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of annealing sheet steel |
US1932308A (en) * | 1932-02-18 | 1933-10-24 | Edward M Freeland | Electrical steel |
US2242234A (en) * | 1936-01-22 | 1941-05-20 | American Rolling Mill Co | Producing silicon steel sheets or strips |
US2535420A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1950-12-26 | Armco Steel Corp | Process of producing silicon steel of high-directional permeability |
US2875113A (en) * | 1957-11-15 | 1959-02-24 | Gen Electric | Method of decarburizing silicon steel in a wet inert gas atmosphere |
US2939810A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1960-06-07 | Gen Electric | Method for heat treating cube-on-edge silicon steel |
-
0
- NL NL269815D patent/NL269815A/xx unknown
-
1960
- 1960-10-05 US US60720A patent/US3108912A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1961
- 1961-09-11 LU LU40591D patent/LU40591A1/xx unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1569355A (en) * | 1920-12-21 | 1926-01-12 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of annealing sheet steel |
US1932308A (en) * | 1932-02-18 | 1933-10-24 | Edward M Freeland | Electrical steel |
US2242234A (en) * | 1936-01-22 | 1941-05-20 | American Rolling Mill Co | Producing silicon steel sheets or strips |
US2535420A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1950-12-26 | Armco Steel Corp | Process of producing silicon steel of high-directional permeability |
US2939810A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1960-06-07 | Gen Electric | Method for heat treating cube-on-edge silicon steel |
US2875113A (en) * | 1957-11-15 | 1959-02-24 | Gen Electric | Method of decarburizing silicon steel in a wet inert gas atmosphere |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3259530A (en) * | 1963-09-18 | 1966-07-05 | Permag Corp | Method of double ageing a magnetic hysteresis alloy |
US3247031A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1966-04-19 | Armco Steel Corp | Method of hot rolling nickel-iron magnetic sheet stock |
US3355724A (en) * | 1964-10-20 | 1967-11-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic material and devices utilizing same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL269815A (da) | |
LU40591A1 (da) | 1961-11-11 |
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