Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C37/11—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms
  • C07C37/20—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
  • C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation

Definitions

• This invention relates to the compounds per se and to improved polycarbonates of 4,4'-bis(hydroxyphenyl)- naphthylrnethane and such polycarbonates which are essentially composed of alternating blocks having structures composed of ( ⁇ I) recurring units from bisphenol A and (H) recurring units from 4,4-bis(hydroxyphenyl)- naphthylmethanes wherein from about 40 to 85 mole percent of the recurring units are derived from bisphenol A.
• the naphthyl radicals can also be halogenated.
• This invention also relates to a process for preparing the block copolymers.
• polymers and block copolymers are characterized by having high heat softening temperatures, a high Youngs modulus of elasticity and a high degree of flexibility.
• Useful photographic elements are also included in this invention wherein a film of the improved polycarbonate supports a coating of light-sensitive emulsion.
• An object of this invention is to provide an especially valuable improved block copolymeric polycarbonate predominantly derived from bisphenol A (40-85 mole percent) which has quite unusual proper-ties which were unexpected in view of the prior art.
• Another object is to provide homopolymeric polycarbonates of 4,4-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-naphthylmethanes which are novel compounds and are in themselves a further object of this invention. These compounds include those having halogen atoms on the naphthyl radical.
• a further object of this invention is to provide a process for preparing such improved polycarbonates which are characterized by a block structure.
• a further object of this invention is to provide photographic elements comprising a film support prepared from the improved polycarbonates provided by this invention and coated with a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion.
• an improved polycarbonate of bisphenol A consisting of a highly polymeric block copolymer having an inherent viscosity of from about 0.4 to about 3.5 essentially composed of alternating blocks having the structures:
• the naphthyl radical is attached in a position selected from the 1 and 2 positions and X represents the substituent in the other one of the 1 and 2 positions and is selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom and a hydrogen atom and wherein from about 15 to 65 mole percent of said block copolymer is composed of said units having Formula A, said block copolymer being characterized by having a heat distortion temperature in the range of from about -225 C., having a Youngs modulus of elasticity for film which is substantially as great as for the homopolymer of units of Formula B and at least about 26,000 kg./ sq. cm. which is more than 10% greater than for the homopolymer of units of Formula A, and having a flexibility measured by the MIT folds test at least about 35.
• this invention provides a highly useful series of high molecular weight block unit polymers having two different prepolymer blocks of units of a linear polycarbonate of a 4,4-bis (hydroxyphenyl)naphthylmethanes (wherein the naphthyl may be halogenated) and a linear polycarbonate of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (called bisphenol A).
• This series of block copolymers possesses to a surprisingly satisfactory degree the valuable properties of all of the blocks present in the polymer. This is considered an unobvious discovery for various reasons iucluding'the fact that polycarbonates of bisphenol A do not yield the results achieved in accordance with this nvention.
• the series of block copolymers encompassed by this invention have a most unexpectedly'high Youngs modulus of elasticity, a satisfactory degree of flexibility as measured by the MIT folds test and high heat distortion temperatures, all of which are important characteristics of any film to be used as a support for a photographic element.
• the use of polycarbonates from hisphenol A as a photographic base is very seriously limited by the fact that the Youngs modulus of elasticity is only somewhere on the order of about 23,000 kg./sq. cm. This compares quite unfavorably with other commercially available film bases such as cellulose triacetate Where the Youngs modulus lies in the range of 30,000- 40,000.
• Another film base useful for photographic purposes is oriented polystyrene which has a Youngs modulus somewhere on the order of about 35,000 kg./sq. cm. or perhaps a little less.
• a film base prepared from polystyrene (even though it has been oriented) has a heat softening temperature on the order of only about 100 C. and therefore has rather limited utility.
• a film base derived from cellulose triacetate has a heat softening temperature on the order of about 155 C.
• cellulose triacetate and polystyrene ar considered to have flexibilities which are merely on the edge of being satisfactorily acceptable.
• cellulose triacetate has a flexibility as measured by the MIT folds test of about 25-35 folds.
• Polystyrene is somewhat better when oriented and has an average flexibility of about 50.
• block copolymers prepared in accordance with the invention described herein had a Youngs modulus very nearly as great or greater than for the homopolymer derived from 4,4 bis(hydroxyphenyl)naphthylmethane and at least about 26,000 kg./sq. cm.
• the polycarbonate films produced in accordance with the present invention retain to a substantial degre their high modulus of elasticity at temperatures up to their heat softening temperatures, namely 190- 225 C.
• the retention of Youngs modulus for polyethylene terephthalate begins to fall off very rapidly at temperatures of about C. and becomes significantly less than the Youngs modulus for the polycarbonates of this invention at temperatures approaching 200 C.
• polyesters of this invention have unusually valuable properties as photographic film supports at temperatures above 150 C.
• block copolymers consisting of alternating sequences of polycarbonates derived from bisphenol A (particularly polymers from up to 40% or more of bisphenol A), there is obtained a significant improvement in the substandard properties of bisphenol A polycarbonates without sacrificing to any unacceptable degree the desirable values shown by the homopolymers.
• These block copolymers show physical properties quite different from the random copolymers prepared by conventional methods. That these block copolymers are not physical mixtures is shown by their different solubility characteristics in organic solvents.
• This invention also provides novel polycarbonates as homopolymers from 4,4 bis(hydroxyphenyl)naphthylmethane as well as these novel compounds per se.
• novel polycarbonates as homopolymers from 4,4 bis(hydroxyphenyl)naphthylmethane as well as these novel compounds per se.
• One of the most remarkable properties of these novel compounds is that they can be used to prepare block copolymeric polycarbonates with bisphenol A such that the block copolymers retain characteristics imparted by these novel compounds despite the inherently weaker properties inherent from bisphenol A.
• the yield of polycarbonate is about 8095% of the theoretical value and it has an inherent viscosity of 0.4 to 3.5 in chloroform depending on variations in conditions.
• the film cast from methylene chloride solution had the following physical properties:
• the yield of white fibrous copolycarbonate was 90 percent of the theoretical value and it had an inherent viscosity of 0.7 in chloroform.
• the methylene chloride layer was diluted with enough methylene chloride to allow more efiicient stirring and water washing of the polymer solution free of soluble materials.
• the polymer was usually precipitated from methylene chloride solution by slowly pouring the viscous dope into methyl alcohol. After leaching in fresh methanol, the polymer was generally dried at 50 C. under reduced pressure.
• the yield of white fibrous polymer was usually at least 80% of the theoretical value.
• These block copolymers had an inherent viscosity of from about 0.4 to 3.5 as measured in chloroform.
• the l.V. can also be measured in other solvents such as in 1:1 phenol and chlorobenzene solution.
• COMPONENT B 4,4 bis (hydroxyphenyDnaphthyl methane Sodium hydroxide Phosgene in 50 ml. dry, cold, distilled methylene chloride 24.45 g. (0.075 mole). 8.4 g. (0.21 mole).
• the preparation of film. from these various polycarbonate polymers was generally accomplished using methylene chloride as the solvent in proportions such as 4 parts of solvent to 1 part of polymer or other suitable proportions to obtain a dope.
• the data was generally prepared by the machine coating technique employing a conventional coating machine having a dope hopper from which the dope is flowed onto a highly polished coating wheel from which it is stripped and cured as it passes through drying chambers.
• hand coating techniques can also be employed using apparatus wherein a coating knife with a vertically adjustable blade is used to manually spread the dope on a glass plate; the plate is put in an oven and dried for an extended period of time such as 18 hours at about F.
• methylene chloride was generally employed, other solvents can also be used (e.g.
• polycarbonates are considered as derived from bisphenols which are coded according to the following definition list:
• novel compounds contemplated by this invention have the following general formula:
• naphthyl radical is attached at a position selected from the 1 and 2 positions and X represents the substituent in the other one of the 1 and 2 positions and is selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom,
• novel compounds of this invention can be prepared using the following general procedure: One mole of 1 or 2 naphthaldehyde which may be chlorinated or fluorinated as indicated above is dissolved in four moles of phenol. A trace of mercapto propionic acid is added and gaseous hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the reaction mixture at 20 to 60 C. until it is saturated. The reaction vessel is sealed and set aside at room temperature until the reaction is complete as evidenced by the reaction product crystallizing from solution. The reaction mixture is then steam distilled to remove most of the excess phenol and other volatiles. The residue is dissolved in diethyl ether and the ether solution is extracted with dilute sodium carbonate until the extracts are colorless.
• the produced bisphcnol is extracted from the ether solution with dilute sodium hydroxide.
• the alkali solution is treated with decoloriz-ing carbon and after filtration of the decolorizing carbon, the filtrate is carefully acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid.
• the crude bisphenol is filtered and crystallized from methylene chloride or other suitable solvent to obtain the pure product.
• the film supports for photographic purposes contemplated by this invention can be coated vith black and white or color .ypes of photographic emulsions so as to form a photographic element having unusually valuable pro erties.
• the coating of film bases with photographic emulsions is well known in the art and is described in numerous patents and publications such as in a paper by Trivelli and Smith, The'Photographi-c Journal, vol. 79, pages 330338, 1939.
• Emulsions such as those described by Trivelli et al. can be readily coated upon the surface of the film base encompassed by this invention using standard coating techniques.
• Photographic elements were prepared by coating such an emulsion as described by Trivelli and Smith upon the film base described in the preferred Examples.
• the emulsions were ripened for 20 minutes at the temperature of precipitation (70 C.). Then, they were cooled as quickly as possible to 45 C., and at this temperature 250 gm. of washed gelatin were added to each emulsion. The emulsions were stirred for 20 minutes at 45 C. in order to dissolve this gelatin. After standing overnight in a cold storage room, the emulsions were shredded and washed. They were then melted in the container at a temperature of 42 C. The weight of each of the emulsions was brought to 6.3 kg. (14 lbs.) by adding 100 gm. of gelatin soaked in the required 10 amount of distilled water. Finishing was accomplished in 30 minutes, at a temperature of 60 C.
• the photographic elements prepared as described were exposed .to light and tested to determine their characteristics and found to behave satisfactorily in all regards and to have exceptionally advantageous properties at temperatures in excess of C. a quite satisfactorily high degree of flexibility, and a Youngs modulus of elasticity adequate for normal photographic purposes, especially when a suitable pelloid was applied to the back of the support.
• the silver halide emulsion can be coated upon a subbing which is first applied to the film support and maybe composed of a suitable gelatin composition or a terpolymer latex as described in the prior art, eg. a latex of an acrylic ester, a vinyl or vinylidene halide and an unsaturated acid such as acrylic acid or itaconic acid, of US. 2,570,478. See also British Patent 808,629.
• the block copolyesters as described are also useful as sheet packaging materials, adhesive tape bases, kinescope recording tape, dielectrics for condensers, etc. They have high melting points and are tough, elastic, tear resistant, resilient and are endowed with good electrical properties under various conditions including moist humid air in the tropics, air frictional heat in the nose cones of rockets or missiles, carbon arc motion picture pnojection, etc.
• An improved polycarbonate of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane consisting of a highly polymeric block copolymer having an inherent viscosity of from about 0.4 to about 3.5 essentially composed of alternating blocks having the structures:
• Blocks characterized in that these blocks as an independent polymer would have an inherent viscosity of at least 0.05 measured in chloroform and be composed of from about 3 to about 50 recurring units having the following Formula A:
• o 1'1 wherein the naphthyl radical is attached in a position selected from the 1 and 2 positions and X represents the substituent in the other one of the 1 and 2 positions and is selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom and a hydrogen atom and wherein from about 15 to 65 mole percent of said block copolymer is composed of said units having Formula A, said block copolymer being characterized by having a heat distortion temperature in the range of from about 190-225 0, having a Youngs modulus of elasticity for film which is substantially as great as for the homopolymer of units of Formula A and at least about 26,000 kg./ sq. cm. which is greater than for the homopolymer of units of Formula A, and having a flexibility measured by the MIT folds test at least about 35.
• a linear polymer having an inherent viscosity of 12 from about 0.4 to about 3.5 comprising a polycarbonate of a bisphenol having the following general formula:

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Citations (7)

• 0
  • BE BE593043D patent/BE593043A/xx unknown
• 1959
  • 1959-07-17 US US827705A patent/US3106546A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1960
  • 1960-07-16 DE DEE19621A patent/DE1138927B/de active Pending
  • 1960-07-18 GB GB24889/60A patent/GB931189A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (7)

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