US3105756A - Method of lowering the iron content of chromite ores or concentrates without appreciable lowering of the contained cr2o3 - Google Patents
Method of lowering the iron content of chromite ores or concentrates without appreciable lowering of the contained cr2o3 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3105756A US3105756A US821091A US82109159A US3105756A US 3105756 A US3105756 A US 3105756A US 821091 A US821091 A US 821091A US 82109159 A US82109159 A US 82109159A US 3105756 A US3105756 A US 3105756A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromite
- iron
- ore
- ratio
- mesh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 117
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 54
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 50
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical group [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 34
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 ferrous radical Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940105305 carbon monoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical group [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
Definitions
- any ores or concentrates, of any degree of fineness that are termed chromite and that consist essentially of the oxides of chromium, iron, magnesium and aluminum in variable proportions, and has for its object an improved method for the extraction of part of the iron from the chromite mineral without appreciable lowering of the chromite content, thus in effect, raising the chromium: iron ratio to a higher factor than the ratio originally present.
- chromite The usual chemical formula used for chromite is FeO.Cr O and pure chromite should theoretically contain 68% chromic oxide and 32% ferrous oxide. Pure chromite is not found in nature, since in all natural deposits part of the chromium and part of the iron has been replaced by aluminum and magnesium.
- chromite material containing a minimum of about 45% Cr O is required, and a chromium: iron ratio of at least 3:1 is a requisite.
- Metallurgical grade chromite of this character is the type required for the fabrication of alloys of chromium. The most highly industrialized countries have no commercial deposits of this grade.
- the formula for chromite is'usually accepted to be FeO.Cr O
- the dot between the ferrous oxide compo nent-and the chromic oxide component indicates that there are two radicals present (a radical being a group of atoms which behave as an entity) which are somewhat loosely connected.
- FeO is usually soluble in common reagent acids without difiiculty, but since chromite can be ground very fine and agitated for long periods in varying strengths of sulphuric acid without appreciable decomposition or without solution of appreciable quantities of iron, the FeO is evidently protected in chromite by the Cr O radical.
- the FeO also appears to be protected against reduction since intense heating of chromite in a reducing atmosphere renders it only slightly more magnetic and only slightly more susceptible to attack by sulphuric acid of any strength. On the other hand, the FeO does not appear to have as much protection against oxidation, since samples of chromite of 10 mesh size which have been wetted and subsequently dried slowly turn from shiny black to dull brown. Such accidentally air-oxidized chromite can be caused to become noticeably magnetic by heating to redness in a reducing atmosphere.
- chromite ores of any grade and of any chromiumziron ratio can be thoroughly oxidized by roasting at approximately 700 C. with access of air and constant rabbling.
- the time required for thorough oxidation depends upon the accessability of air, the efficiency of rabbling, and the maximum particle size.
- Onefourth inch material can be oxidized but I prefer to use minus 10 mesh chromite, sinceminus 10 mesh material gives me more rapid oxidation than coarser sizes, and less dusting than does finer sizes.
- 30 minutes is suflicient time for oxidation, but in making tests with hand rabbling I prefer to use a three-hour oxidizing period when plotting variables other than length-of-oxidation period.
- the oxidation reaction formula is4(FeO.Cr O plus 0 equals 2Fe O .4Cr O
- a reducing atmosphere such as one high in carbon monoxide or hydrogenat a temperature of approximately 1200 C.
- the reducing agent could not be gained from coal fed in with the ore, but would have to be fed as a gas into the discharge end of the kiln so as to travel counter-currently 3, to the chromite flow.
- An advantage of using a rotary kiln which could be realized also with certain other types of apparatus, lies in the fact that the hot exhaust gases from the kiln can be used as the source of heat for the prior oxidation reaction, and the hot oxidized chromite can be charged directly into the reducing apparatus without substantial loss of heat.
- the iron in the chromite is preferentially reduced, in part, to an acid-soluble form.
- Such reduction takes place, to some extent, at all temperatures between 500 deg, C. and the fusing temperature of chromite (about 1500 deg. C.) but reductions at low temperature is slow and superficial.
- reducing temperatures of 1200-l260 deg. C. on minus 10 mesh material when using coal or other hydrocarbons, as the source of the reducing agent, in a relatively long, narrow vessel for a period of four hours total reduction time.
- the formula cfor the reduction stage can be writt-en- '3Fe O .6Cr O plus 2C0 equals Fe O plus 3FeO.6Cr O plus 200 I prefer to show the reactions in a manner that better demonstrates the reasons why re-arrangement of the chromite molecule is possible.
- FeO.Cr O any reduction of the ferrous radical can only result in the formation of metallic Fe.
- Oxidation to Fe O requires oxidation to Fe O This cannot be done directly because direct oxidation results in the highest common state of oxidation, Fe O
- the iron is oxidized to Fe O there must necessarily be two Cr O radicals to each one Fe O radical to make the number of atoms present of each be in balance.
- each FeO radical is sufiicient to satisfy two Cr O radicals, the possibility of which is proved by the fact that the iron can be caused to go into a state of oxidation higher than the original FeO.
- sufiicient reducing agent it is possible,-with the use of sufiicient reducing agent, to cause more drastic re-arrangement on the same system by caus. ing one FeO radical to satisfy more than two Cr O radi cals, but when this is done, more drastic leaching procedures are necessary to extract all the available iron and recovery of chromite falls sharply.
- a sample of chromite ore of unknown origin was crushed to minus mesh size, oxidized in air with handrabbling for three hours at 750 deg. (1., mixed with of its own weight of minus 10 mesh coal and reduced in an iron pipe three inches inside diameter by fifteen inches long which was plugged at one end and fitted with a 3 in.
- chromite reduced in this manner and to this condition permits approximately one-half of its iron content to be extracted, at air temperatureand at atmospheric pressure and without any further grinding to smaller size, by leaching with sulphuric acid of 33 /s% strength (by volume) for one hour at atmospheric pressure and temperature, by leaching with sulphuric acid of 10% strength (by volume for reasonably longer periods, or :by leaching with sulphurous acid (a solution of 6% by weight S0 gas in Water) for periods of from 20 minutes to 4 hours, depending upon the percentage of iron to'be removed.
- Sulphurous acid-of 3% strength requires a slightly longer leaching time to be employed than when 7 iron in a shorter time than any strength of sulphuric acid solution when both are applied at air temperature.
- the S0 solution can be made by roasting pyrite (or other sulphides) and introducing the resultant S0 gas into water by conventional means. If the used solvent were to be regenerated with S0 gas, ferric sulphate and sulphuric acid wouldbe formedby the well-known auto-oxidation process, and since these have been shown to be inferior to sulphurous acid for my purpose, interests of economy dictate the counter-current flow as described with discard of used lixiviant. Theoretically, with most chromite ores, roasting of 3 tons of pyrites will furnish enough S0 to put 100 tons of chromite into the metallurgical grade class, as far as chromiumziron ratio is concerned. 7
- the primary control over the degree of potential iron extraction desired lies in the quantity of reducing agent permitted to contact the chromite particles at reducing temperatures. Full'utilization of available carbonmonoxide'requires higher temperatures than does full utilization of hydrogen. Very satisfactory final chromiumziron ratios can be attained on any chromite ores with'a 99% plus chromite recovery if excessive reduction is avoided. Optimum reduction will vary with individual ores, but original chromiumziron ratios can be doubled in all instances without chromite losses exceeding 1%.
- a l-kilo batch of minus 10 mesh chromite of unknown derivation which hadbeen concentrated by gravity to a product assaying 24.30% Cr and 12.05% Fewith a CrzFe ratio of 2.02:1 was roasted inan electric muffle furnace for 3 hours at approximately 700 deg. C. with'free access of air but no appreciable draft. The charge was handrabbled during the roast. At the end of theoxidizing period, the charge was removed, cooled, and mixed with 20% of its own weight of minus 10 mesh low-grade bitu minous coal. The mixture was poured into an iron pipe of one inch inside diameter and fourteen inches long. One end of the pipe was plugged and the other end was left open. This charge was. heated from a cold startto.
- One end of the tube was plugged, and the other end was partially plugged with refractory cement, leaving a 1 inch opening for gas escape andsubsequent emptying.
- the charge in the tube was heated quickly-4n less than 15 minutes-4o 1260 deg. C. and held at that temchromium to establish the percentage of chromium recovery.
- This minus 10 mesh concentrate was given an 30 was removed and its charge quenched in Water The OXidiZing roast for 3 hours at a dull Ted heat on an iron temperature was increased to 1370 deg. C. for the next Plate on p of the butane-fired furnace, with constant two hours. At the end of the second two-hour period, the hand-rabbling. At the end of the 3-hour oxidation period, second crucible was removed and its charge quenched in the charge was cooled and mixed with 16% of its own water. The two charges were washed free of remaining weight of minus 10 mesh low-grade coal. This mixture unconsumed coal and then dried.
- Each of the two prod was poured into two 36-gram fire-clay crucibles and covucts was split into two halves, one half of which was ered with loose-fitting porcelain covers.
- the two crucibles ground to minus 100 h in a hand mortar while the were l d i h b fi d furna d heated to other half was left at minus 10 mesh for leaching tests. 1260 deg. C.
- One crucible was removed after two hours LEACHING TESTS ON 2-HOUR REDUCTION TIME reduction time and the charge quenched in water.
- the 40 other crucible was removed after four hours reduction Leach Test Grams Mesh Solvent Leach time and its charge quenched in water.
- Each charge was Tlmehts Washed free of remaining unconsumed coal, dried and split 25 16 into two halves. One half of each charge was ground to 25 -100 16 minus 100 mesh in a hand mortar and the other half left I 58 i2 at minus 10 mesh for leaching tests.
- a process of upgrading chromite ore having an initial Cr:Fe ratio of less than 3:1 to a metallurgical grade chromite ore having a final CrzFe ratio of more than 3:1 wherein FeO and Cr O are molecularly bonded in both the initial ore and in the metallurgical grade ore comprising the steps of comminuting the ore, heating the cornminuted ore at a preferred temperature range of about 700 to 750 centigrade under oxidizing conditions while controlling the deg-rec of comminution, the heating temperature and the oxidizing conditions so as to oxidize at least a portion of the FeO.Cr O therein to oxide.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US821091A US3105756A (en) | 1959-06-18 | 1959-06-18 | Method of lowering the iron content of chromite ores or concentrates without appreciable lowering of the contained cr2o3 |
| GB20200/60A GB951086A (en) | 1959-06-18 | 1960-06-08 | An improved method of lowering the iron content of chromite ores or concentrates without appreciably lowering the chromium oxides contained therein |
| ES0259055A ES259055A1 (es) | 1959-06-18 | 1960-06-18 | Metodo de extracciën parcial del contenido de hierro de minerales de cromita |
| NO136349A NO115131B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1959-06-18 | 1960-06-18 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US821091A US3105756A (en) | 1959-06-18 | 1959-06-18 | Method of lowering the iron content of chromite ores or concentrates without appreciable lowering of the contained cr2o3 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3105756A true US3105756A (en) | 1963-10-01 |
Family
ID=25232475
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US821091A Expired - Lifetime US3105756A (en) | 1959-06-18 | 1959-06-18 | Method of lowering the iron content of chromite ores or concentrates without appreciable lowering of the contained cr2o3 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3105756A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| ES (1) | ES259055A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB951086A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NO (1) | NO115131B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3219434A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1965-11-23 | United Internat Res Inc | Process for the production of chrome concentrates |
| US3257198A (en) * | 1962-12-21 | 1966-06-21 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Beneficiation of ore |
| US3361557A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1968-01-02 | R N Corp | Processes for direct reduction of ironbearing ores, slags and the like |
| US3433624A (en) * | 1964-12-17 | 1969-03-18 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Treatment of pulverulent materials |
| US3816095A (en) * | 1972-03-09 | 1974-06-11 | Allied Chem | Method for recovering chromium values from chromite ore |
| US5482690A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1996-01-09 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Low-residue high-extraction production of sodium dichromate |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US153573A (en) * | 1874-07-28 | Improvement in treating copper ores | ||
| US1196049A (en) * | 1916-08-29 | von rauschenplat | ||
| US1360666A (en) * | 1917-01-23 | 1920-11-30 | Merrill Co | Process of extracting copper from its ores |
| US1403237A (en) * | 1919-04-26 | 1922-01-10 | Charles Page Perin | Method of treating iron ore for the recovery of chromium |
| US2123240A (en) * | 1935-06-08 | 1938-07-12 | Hammarberg Axel | Recovery of valuable metals or metal compounds from complex ores |
-
1959
- 1959-06-18 US US821091A patent/US3105756A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1960
- 1960-06-08 GB GB20200/60A patent/GB951086A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-06-18 ES ES0259055A patent/ES259055A1/es not_active Expired
- 1960-06-18 NO NO136349A patent/NO115131B/no unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US153573A (en) * | 1874-07-28 | Improvement in treating copper ores | ||
| US1196049A (en) * | 1916-08-29 | von rauschenplat | ||
| US1360666A (en) * | 1917-01-23 | 1920-11-30 | Merrill Co | Process of extracting copper from its ores |
| US1403237A (en) * | 1919-04-26 | 1922-01-10 | Charles Page Perin | Method of treating iron ore for the recovery of chromium |
| US2123240A (en) * | 1935-06-08 | 1938-07-12 | Hammarberg Axel | Recovery of valuable metals or metal compounds from complex ores |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3219434A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1965-11-23 | United Internat Res Inc | Process for the production of chrome concentrates |
| US3257198A (en) * | 1962-12-21 | 1966-06-21 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Beneficiation of ore |
| US3433624A (en) * | 1964-12-17 | 1969-03-18 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Treatment of pulverulent materials |
| US3361557A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1968-01-02 | R N Corp | Processes for direct reduction of ironbearing ores, slags and the like |
| US3816095A (en) * | 1972-03-09 | 1974-06-11 | Allied Chem | Method for recovering chromium values from chromite ore |
| US5482690A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1996-01-09 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Low-residue high-extraction production of sodium dichromate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES259055A1 (es) | 1960-11-16 |
| GB951086A (en) | 1964-03-04 |
| NO115131B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1968-08-05 |
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