US3105044A - Separator - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3105044A
US3105044A US14699A US1469960A US3105044A US 3105044 A US3105044 A US 3105044A US 14699 A US14699 A US 14699A US 1469960 A US1469960 A US 1469960A US 3105044 A US3105044 A US 3105044A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
outlet
chamber
apex
vortex
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US14699A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin P Troland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bird Machine Co Inc
Original Assignee
Bird Machine Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bird Machine Co Inc filed Critical Bird Machine Co Inc
Priority to US14699A priority Critical patent/US3105044A/en
Priority to NO139407A priority patent/NO115070B/no
Priority to FR855268A priority patent/FR1283565A/fr
Priority to DE19611417623 priority patent/DE1417623B1/de
Priority to FI47361A priority patent/FI40067C/fi
Priority to GB9254/61A priority patent/GB897057A/en
Priority to CH310861A priority patent/CH388267A/de
Priority to BE601335A priority patent/BE601335A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3105044A publication Critical patent/US3105044A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0052—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused
    • B01D19/0057—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused the centrifugal movement being caused by a vortex, e.g. using a cyclone, or by a tangential inlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2427—The feed or discharge opening located at a distant position from the side walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
    • B01D21/267—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force by using a cyclone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B04C5/081—Shapes or dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B04C5/103—Bodies or members, e.g. bulkheads, guides, in the vortex chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • B04C5/13—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits formed as a vortex finder and extending into the vortex chamber; Discharge from vortex finder otherwise than at the top of the cyclone; Devices for controlling the overflow
    • B04C2005/136—Baffles in the vortex finder

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for separating solid particles and gas bubbles from a liquid suspension and pertains more specifically to a cyclone-type separator adapted to purify paper pulp.
  • Cyclone-type separators have been proposed for purifying paper pulp and have been found to be highly effective for the removal of dirt particles, shives, and the like from the aqueous pulp dispersion.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone-type separator of simple and inexpensive construction adapted to purify paper pulp by removing from it both gas bubbles and dirt particles.
  • Another object is to provide a separator of the type described which can be operated with its restricted outlet discharging continuously at any pressure, even above atmospheric pressure, without the need for any suction pump or similar pressure-reducing means for removing the gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in side elevation, partly broken away and in section, showing one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view in cross section taken along line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section on an enlarged scale, partly broken away, showing another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a view in cross section taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3; and 7 FIG. is a view in vertical section, partly broken away, showing still a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing includes an elongated chamber 1% of circular cross-sectional configuration tapering in diameter as shown at 12 adjacent one end where it terminates in a centrally located restricted orifice or outlet 14.
  • an inlet 16 is provided arranged tangentially to the chamber, as best appears in FIG. 2 of the drawing.
  • a second or main outlet 18 in the form of a tubular discharge member is disposed centrally of the chamber ad jacent the same end as that at which inlet 16 is located.
  • Outlet 18 is tubular in form, having a cylindrical wall which extends into the chamber and terminates in an open end 2% disposed beyond inlet 16 along the axis of the chamber in the direction of restricted outlet 14.
  • a projecting core'element 2,4 which is located centrally of tubular outlet 18 and which has a smooth end face 26 flush with the open end 20, forming together with the tubular member an annular outlet.
  • the paper pulp dispersion containing dirt particles and bubbles of air or other gas is introduced under pressure through inlet 16, the stream of pulp dispersion progressing in spiral fashion along the length of chamber 10 toward restricted outlet 14.
  • the rapidly rotating mass of liquid dispersion advances spirally through chamber 10, it is turned back upon itself at some point in the tapering portion 12 of the chamber and forms an inner annular layer of pulp dispersion progressing through chamber 10 toward the main outlet 13.
  • a hollow vortex or core 23 is formed, as indicated by dotted lines.
  • This hollow vortex is normally continuous to the restricted outlet 14 and is continuously in communication with the ambient atmosphere through this outlet, although it may be operated successfully with outlet 14 discharging at either elevated or reduced pressure.
  • hollow vortex 28 will depend upon the rotational speed of the liquid mass within the chamber (which in turn is dependent upon the overall dimensions of the device and the pressure drop through it, which is usually 40 to 60 p.s.i.), the pressure of the atmosphere with which the hollow vortex is in communication through restricted outlet 14, and the diameter of the periphery of tubular outlet or vortex finder 18.
  • the diameter of core element 24 so that it is somewhat greater than the diameter of hollow vortex 28, preferably about 10% to 26% greater, it is found that bubbles of air or other gas which migrate to the hollow vortex of the spinning mass of liquid pulp dispersion are obstructed and prevented from becoming redispersed in the liquid as it leaves the device through outlet 18. Instead, as the air or gas bubbles accumulate within hollow vortex 23, any excess gas is freely vented to the atmosphere through restricted outlet 14.
  • end 26 of core element 24 be perfectly flat, but it is preferably smooth in order to minimize the possibility of producing turbulence which would result in the gas bubbles becoming entrapped or entrained again within the pulp dispersion as it proceeds through outlet 18.
  • the length of core element 24 and the position Within tubular outlet 18 of spider 22 are not critical.
  • the position of spider 22, for example, may be varied from the region of the open end 20 of tubular outlet 18 to a position several inches removed from the open end.
  • the spider must be sturdy enough to support core element 24 securely while at the same time being slender enough to avoid excessive obstruction of the flow of dispersion through outlet 18.
  • the upper part of chamber 10 (the lower part'is identical with that of FIG. 1) is provided with an annular flange 30 to which is bolted a unitary cast head 32 which includes a centrally located main outlet 36 in the form of a tubular discharge member the peripheral wall of which converges toward an open end 38.
  • Outlet 36 also converges outside of chamber 10 to a bolting flangeA-t which serves to secure the device to a main outlet pipe 42 for accepted stock.
  • a cross bar or spider 44 which serves to support a core element 46 disposed cen:
  • Core element 46 is provided with a tapped opening in its terminal face adapted to receive a threaded projection on a supplemental core element 48.
  • Supplemental core element 48 is not of uniform diameter as is core element as, but increases gradually in diameter beyond open end 38, terminating in a smooth, circular, gently rounded face 54
  • Terminal face 59 in this embodiment preferably is disposed beyond open end 38 along the axis of the chamber toward re stricted outlet 14 by a distance at least equal to the diameter of the open end.
  • core element as has a diameter from to 20% greater than that of the hollow vortex Within the liquid during operation of the device while obstructing face 50 has a diameter from to 109% greater than that of the hollow vortex.
  • the diameter of the core and of face 59 cannot exceed about 50% of the adjacent inner diameter of chamber 16 without seriously impairing the eflioiency and effectiveness of the separating function of the apparatus.
  • the obstructing face 54) as well as core element 48 cannot be supported from the Wall of chamber to by a spider or by brackets, which disturb the flow pattern of the liquid dispersion, but are supported from the interior of the main outlet, just as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the drawing.
  • terminal obstructing face 5% is spaced from open end 38 by a distance greater than about four times the diameter of the open end, it is found that the air or gas bubbles tend to migrate to the center before the entering stream of liquid dispersion feed passes beyond terminal face 56. Consequently, these bubbles strike the cylindrical side wall of core element 48 and are carried along it through open end 38 by the accepted pulp dispersion which is leaving the device.
  • the preferred position for the obstructing face 5!) of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is accordingly in a zone extending from the open end of the main outlet along the axis of the chamber toward the restricted outlet at a distance from the open end ranging from one to. four diameters of the open end of the main outlet.
  • the supporting spider 44 is preferably spaced from open end 38 by a distance at least equal to the diameter of the open end in order to minimize obstruction of the annular outlet passage.
  • the increasing diameter of tubular outlet 36 as the flow of accepted dispersion proceeds toward outlet .pipe 42 makes it possible to provide a very strong and rigid support for the core element Without reducing the effective capacity of the outlet.
  • tubular discharge member or outlet 64 ⁇ is flared outwardly adjacent its open end 62, and is provided with a core element 64- mounted on a supporting cross bar as and terminating in a smooth circular face 68 which is disposed within outlet 6% ⁇ spaced from its open end.
  • This embodiment is somewhat less effective than the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 for removing dirt particles from the dispersion, but is somewhat more effective for removing gas bubbles than are the other two embodiments. It is found that the flaring wall of tubular outlet or vortex finder 69 tends to stabilize the hollow vortex 28, while the recessed position of the terminal obstructing face 68 ensures that all 'of the bubbles which migrate toward the center of the rotating mass of liquid have time to reach the vortex before being carried past face 63 by the departing stream of pulp dispersion as it proceeds through tubular outlet 69. Having once reached the hollow vortex, the bubbles are prevented from passing through with the accepted material by the obstructing face 63.
  • Apparatus for separating solid particles and gas bubbles from a liquid suspension comprising a chamber having a substantially circular cross-section and a conical end portion, an inlet arranged tangentidly with respect to said chamber adjacent one end thereof remote from the apex of said conical portion for introducing said suspension into said apparatus to form a stream which initially passes spirally along the wall of said chamber toward the apex of the conical portion thereof and which reverses inwardly on itself before reaching said apex to form a hollow vortex, a firs-t outlet for rejected solids and gas at the apex of said conical portion in communication with said hollow vortex, a second outlet for accepting suspension having its mouth disposed centrally of said chamber between said inlet and said apex in position to receive the reverse flow of liquid suspension from around sm'd hollow vortex, and an element mounted within said chamber having an obstructing face centrally aligned with respect to said month, said face being disposed between said inlet and said apex substantially
  • Apparatus for separating solid particles and gas bubbles from a liquid suspension comprising a chamber having a substantially circular cross-section and a conical end portion, an inlet arranged tangentially with respect to said chamber adjacent one end thereof remote from the apex of said conical portion for introducing said suspension into said apparatus to form a stream which initially passes spirally along the wall of said chamber toward the apex of the conical portion thereof and which reverses inwardly on itself before reaching said apex to form a hollow vortex, a first outlet for rejected solids and gas at the apex of said conical portion in communication with said hollow vortex, a second outlet for accepting suspension having its mouth disposed centrally of said chamber between said inlet and said apex in position to receive the reverse flow of liquid suspension from around said hollow vortex, said second outlet converging in the direction of outlet flow from said mouth, and an element mounted within said second outlet having an obstructing face centrally aligned with respect to said mouth, said face being disposed between said inlet
  • Apparatus for separating solid particles and gas bubbles from a liquid suspension comprising a chamber having a substantially circular cross-section and a conical end portion, an inlet arranged tangentially with respect to said chamber adjacent one end thereof remote from the apex of said conical portion for introducing said suspension into said apparatus to form a stream which initially passes spirflly along the wall of said chamber toward the apex of the conical portion thereof and which reverses inwardly on itself before reaching said apex to form a hollow vortex, a first outlet for rejected solids and gas at the apex of said conical portion in communication with said hollow vontex, a second outlet for accepting suspension having its mouth disposed centrally of said chamber between said inlet and said apex in position to receive the reverse flow of liquid suspension from around said hollow vortex, and an obstruction element mounted within said second outlet and centrally aligned with respect to said mouth, said element extending from within said mouth to a point therebeyond to provide a vortex obstructing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
US14699A 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Separator Expired - Lifetime US3105044A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14699A US3105044A (en) 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Separator
NO139407A NO115070B (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png) 1960-03-14 1961-03-08
FR855268A FR1283565A (fr) 1960-03-14 1961-03-10 Appareil pour séparer des particules solides et des bulles de gaz à partir de suspensions liquides
FI47361A FI40067C (fi) 1960-03-14 1961-03-13 Sykloni kiinteiden hiukkasten ja kaasukuplien erottamiseen nestemäisestä lietteestä
DE19611417623 DE1417623B1 (de) 1960-03-14 1961-03-13 Hydrozyklon
GB9254/61A GB897057A (en) 1960-03-14 1961-03-14 Apparatus for separating solid particles and gas bubbles from liquid suspensions
CH310861A CH388267A (de) 1960-03-14 1961-03-14 Vorrichtung zum Trennen fester Teilchen und Gasblasen von flüssigen Suspensionen
BE601335A BE601335A (fr) 1960-03-14 1961-03-14 Appareil pour séparer des particules solides et des bulles de gaz à partir de suspensions liquides.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14699A US3105044A (en) 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Separator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3105044A true US3105044A (en) 1963-09-24

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ID=21767137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14699A Expired - Lifetime US3105044A (en) 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Separator

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US (1) US3105044A (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)
BE (1) BE601335A (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)
CH (1) CH388267A (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)
DE (1) DE1417623B1 (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)
FI (1) FI40067C (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)
GB (1) GB897057A (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)
NO (1) NO115070B (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3288300A (en) * 1962-02-14 1966-11-29 Bauer Bros Co Centrifugal cleaner
US3405803A (en) * 1963-08-26 1968-10-15 Voith Gmbh J M Vortex separator
US3716137A (en) * 1969-03-21 1973-02-13 Celleco Ab Cyclone separator
US3947364A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-03-30 Laval Claude C Apparatus for removing particles from fluid
US6024874A (en) * 1998-11-03 2000-02-15 Lott; W. Gerald Hydrocyclone separator
NL1029747C2 (nl) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-19 Fmc Technologies Cv Hydrocycloon.
BE1017746A3 (nl) * 2007-08-29 2009-05-05 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Vloeistofafscheider.
US20100326895A1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2010-12-30 Tata Steel Limited Cyclone for Dense Medium Separation
WO2024094973A1 (en) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-10 Fives Landis Limited A gas-liquid separator for a machine tool

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9806683D0 (en) * 1998-03-27 1998-05-27 Notetry Ltd Cyclonic separation apparatus
GB201116366D0 (en) 2011-09-22 2011-11-02 Paxton Richard G Tubular cyclonic separation & materials processing unit
NL2020690B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-07 Flamco Bv Removal device with flow control
CN108444319B (zh) * 2018-05-03 2023-12-15 株洲智热技术有限公司 一种空间旋转设备水冷散热的换热方法及换热器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2566662A (en) * 1948-06-14 1951-09-04 Raymond A Hill Sand separator
GB740588A (en) * 1952-09-24 1955-11-16 Horace Freeman Improvements relating to the separation of gases and other foreign matter from liquids, particularly pulp suspensions
CA523316A (en) * 1956-03-27 Jan Fontein Freerk Separation of mixtures of solid particles into fractions according to specific gravity by means of a hydrocyclone
US2757581A (en) * 1952-09-24 1956-08-07 Nichols Engineering And Res Co Vortex separators
US2816490A (en) * 1952-09-24 1957-12-17 Nichols Engineering And Res Co Apparatus for treating liquid mixtures for separation of solid particles and gases
US2835387A (en) * 1948-03-25 1958-05-20 Stamicarbon Centrifugal method and means for continuously fractionating solid particles in liquid suspension thereof
US2878934A (en) * 1957-11-01 1959-03-24 Smith Paper Mills Ltd Howard Method and apparatus separating dirt from aqueous suspensions of pulp fibres

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE679138C (de) * 1937-01-16 1939-07-29 Eugen Feifel Dr Ing Fliehkraftstaubabscheider
NL63590C (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png) * 1941-07-15
BE529487A (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png) * 1953-06-10

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA523316A (en) * 1956-03-27 Jan Fontein Freerk Separation of mixtures of solid particles into fractions according to specific gravity by means of a hydrocyclone
US2835387A (en) * 1948-03-25 1958-05-20 Stamicarbon Centrifugal method and means for continuously fractionating solid particles in liquid suspension thereof
US2566662A (en) * 1948-06-14 1951-09-04 Raymond A Hill Sand separator
GB740588A (en) * 1952-09-24 1955-11-16 Horace Freeman Improvements relating to the separation of gases and other foreign matter from liquids, particularly pulp suspensions
US2757581A (en) * 1952-09-24 1956-08-07 Nichols Engineering And Res Co Vortex separators
US2816490A (en) * 1952-09-24 1957-12-17 Nichols Engineering And Res Co Apparatus for treating liquid mixtures for separation of solid particles and gases
US2878934A (en) * 1957-11-01 1959-03-24 Smith Paper Mills Ltd Howard Method and apparatus separating dirt from aqueous suspensions of pulp fibres

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3288300A (en) * 1962-02-14 1966-11-29 Bauer Bros Co Centrifugal cleaner
US3405803A (en) * 1963-08-26 1968-10-15 Voith Gmbh J M Vortex separator
US3716137A (en) * 1969-03-21 1973-02-13 Celleco Ab Cyclone separator
US3947364A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-03-30 Laval Claude C Apparatus for removing particles from fluid
US6024874A (en) * 1998-11-03 2000-02-15 Lott; W. Gerald Hydrocyclone separator
WO2007021181A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 Fmc Technologies C.V. Hydrocyclone
NL1029747C2 (nl) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-19 Fmc Technologies Cv Hydrocycloon.
US20100006516A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2010-01-14 Robert Schook Hydrocyclone
US8353411B2 (en) * 2005-08-16 2013-01-15 Fmc Technologies C.V. Hydrocyclone
US20100326895A1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2010-12-30 Tata Steel Limited Cyclone for Dense Medium Separation
US9579666B2 (en) * 2007-08-16 2017-02-28 Tata Steel Limited Cyclone for dense medium separation
BE1017746A3 (nl) * 2007-08-29 2009-05-05 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Vloeistofafscheider.
WO2024094973A1 (en) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-10 Fives Landis Limited A gas-liquid separator for a machine tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI40067C (fi) 1968-09-10
GB897057A (en) 1962-05-23
DE1417623B1 (de) 1970-06-18
NO115070B (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png) 1968-07-15
BE601335A (fr) 1961-09-14
FI40067B (US06573293-20030603-C00184.png) 1968-05-31
CH388267A (de) 1965-02-28

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