US3101473A - Parabolic reflector with rim of absorbing material to attenuate side lobes - Google Patents

Parabolic reflector with rim of absorbing material to attenuate side lobes Download PDF

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US3101473A
US3101473A US22210A US2221060A US3101473A US 3101473 A US3101473 A US 3101473A US 22210 A US22210 A US 22210A US 2221060 A US2221060 A US 2221060A US 3101473 A US3101473 A US 3101473A
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reflector
antenna
peripheral edge
strip
axis
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US22210A
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Jr Joseph A Fenlon
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McDonnell Aircraft Corp
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McDonnell Aircraft Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/001—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems

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  • the present invention relates generally to devices for shaping the radiation pattern of an antenna and more particularly to radar antenna radiation pattern shaping means.
  • the known means have included radiation absorbing devices which are mounted adjacent to the antenna to absorb radiation in a chosen direction.
  • the known construct-ions the radiation absorbing material has been fixedly attached to an immovable object adjacent to the antenna such as a radome but has not been satisfactory for use with moving antenna structures such as the antenna structures employed with radar gear because movement of the antenna changes the relative position of the absorbing material with respect to the antenna and thereby changes the direction or maximum radiation absorption relative to the radiation pattern.
  • the present device which comprises an antenna located adjacent to said radiator, and means mounted on the antenna structure for attenuating radiation therefrom in a .chosen direction relative to the antenna.
  • Another object is to uniformly reduce antenna radiation in a chosen direction relative to the antenna regardless of the direction in which the antenna is facing.
  • Another object is to maintain a constant relationship between a main antenna radiation beam and a secondary or side lobe.
  • Another object is to provide an inexpensive, lightweight and compact device capable of absorbing antenna radiation, which device is capable of withstanding large amounts of radiation without breaking down and which can be installed on new or existing antenna structures with minantennae and the like by maintaining a constant fixed relationship between the magnitude of the principal radiation lobe and the side lobes.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an antenna mounted in a radome for movement about different axes relative to radiation absorbing means fixed in the radome which is representative of the prior art;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna equipped with radiation absorbing means which moves with the movable portion of the antenna assembly;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but illustrating the application of the radiation absorbing means to a particular zone.
  • the number lb refers to an antenna assembly constructed according to the teachings of the prior art.
  • the antenna it has a parabolic reflector or shield 12, a radiator 14 mounted centrally adjacent the concave side of the reflector 12, and suitable leads l6 connecting the 'adiator id to a radar set 18 or similar radiation transmitting device.
  • the reflector 12 is movably carried on a universally pivoting device A.
  • the pattern is assumed to consist of a main or forward radiation beam 29 which extends straight out from the antenna, and side lobes which are contained in an annular envelope shown at 22.
  • side lobes which are contained in an annular envelope shown at 22.
  • these side lobes are dealt with as one general side lobe 22, which forms the envelope of all side lobes.
  • the prior art involved attenuating the side lobe 22 in a local area, say on the down side, by fixing in the radome Z4 absorbing material 26 which attenuated the radiations passing through the same, thereby reducing the effect on the scope pattern of the reflection from the ground or object at the chosen side of the antenna.
  • the difiiculty with this system is that when the reflector 12 moves to face the material 26 the main lobe 24D is attenuated which is undesirable. When the reflector moves to face away from the material 2.6 the side lobe attenuation is meduced or eliminated.
  • radiation absorbing material 26a is mounted on the reflector 12 as shown in MG. 2, or as shown at 2612 in FIG. 3. Any suitable radiation absorbing material can be used for this purpose provided it can withstand the intensity of the radiation without breaking down.
  • the absorber material of FIGSd, 2 and 3 consisted of a section of foam rubber with graphite therein and having a ply of aluminum foil on one surface.
  • a particular application where the present device has been found useful is in connection with the radar systems employed on airplanes. in such devices not only is it important to properly modify the radiation pattern in given directions but it is also important that the size and weight of the equipment be kept at a minimum.
  • the radar antenna main beam is directed to a remote airborne target.
  • the main beam Zil'a thus directed, is reflected from the target and picked up by the same antenna.
  • energy is also being radidated in the form of side lobes 22a.
  • the attenuation material 26a is extended about the lip' of the reflector i2 (HG. 2) the envelope of side. lobes 22a is substantially attenuated in all directions.
  • the envelope of side lobes is diiferently shaped at 22b from the lobe at 220, since part of the side lobe energy is radiated downwardly and reflected from the car-th s surface.
  • the reflected energy received from the target area, and from the earths surface as a result of the side lobe energy, is fed to the radar set 18 and their presence made known in the form of images on a radar scope.
  • the radar scope is usually calibrated in azimuth and range.
  • the pictorial representations on the scope appear as line which is referred to as the altitude line and which extends across the face of the scope as if it were a target at a range corresponding to the aircraft altitude, and as a target or bright spot.
  • the altitude line As the aircraft closes on the target, the range to the target decreases and the target must pass through the altitude line. It is important to proper tracking that the intensity of the power reflected from the target and received by the radar antenna be of much higher magnitude than the power the antenna receives which has been reflected from the earth. This diiierence in intensity will insure that the radar remains locked on the target as the target passes through the altitude line.
  • the power due to noise and earth reflect-ions is due inlarge part to the strength of the side lobe reflections. If the reflected energy due to the side lobes is large, the power which contributes tothe altitude line will be large and it will be more diflicult for the tracking radar to distinguish between the altitude line and. target and lock on may be lost as the target passes through the altitude line. not impossible to successfully track.
  • the power received from the target signal must be appreciably greater than the power received from the earths signal.
  • the ratio of the power received from the earth and the power received from the target depends on the reflecting areas of the reflecting bodies and the gain of the antenna when power is received from a particular direction.
  • the ratio of the observed area of the earth to the observed target area is a factor which cannot be controlled. Therefore, in order to have an appreciably stronger signal from the target than from the earth, some means must be devised to reduce the amount of energy radiated in and received from the side lobes without reducing the energy directed by the main beam at the absorbing material so that the apparatus might produce results exactly opposite from the desired result, or having little or no eflect at all.
  • the present invention overcomes these disadvantages by mounting absorbing or attenuating material 26a on the antenna reflector 12 so that it moves with the reflector and not relative thereto. Therefore, regardless of the attitude of the airplane or the direction in which the antenna reflector is facing, the reflector never faces toward or away from the absorbing material.
  • the purpose of applicants device then is to attenuate the side lobe power that otherwise would be radiatedtoward the earth or some other When this condition exists it becomes difficult if 4. body so that the reflected energy received by the main lobe will valways be substantially greater than the energy received from the side lobes.
  • FIG. 3 While the present invention has been described in connection with its broad application (FIG. 3) and in a specific antenna construction (FIG. 2), it is obvious that it can also be used with many other antenna structures and for many other applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • an antenna comprising a substantially round parabolic concave reflector having a forwardly extending central axis and a peripheral edge, a radiator element, meanssecuring said radiator element to said reflector and forwardly of said peripheral edge of said reflector on said axis, said radiator in combination with said reflector being capable of producing a forward energy lobe orientated on the axis of said reflector and side lobe energy orientated adjacent to the peripheral edge of said reflector and extending generally radially of said axis, an elongated arcuate strip of radiation absorbing material curved substantially the same degree as said peripheral edge, said strip having an axially inner edge portion telescopically received within the peripheral edge of said reflector, means fixedly securing said edge portion of said strip to the peripheral edge of said reflector, said strip being flared in relation to said axis so that said edge portion fits flush against and parallel to the peripheral edge of said reflector, the remainder of said strip flaring radially outward
  • said universal joint means permitting said reflector, radiator and absorbing strip of material to be moved as a' unit in any direction relative to the base whereby the absorbing strip of material is always in the path of said side lobe energy and never in the path of said forward energy lobe.
  • said universal joint means includes a first pivot means having an axis perpendicular to and extending through the antenna axis, and a second pivot means having an axis intersecting and perpendicular to both said antenna axis and said first axis.

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Description

Aug. 20, 1963 J. A. FENLON. JR 3,101,473
PARABOLIC REFLECTOR WITH RIM 0F ABSORBING MATERIAL TO ATTENUATE SIDE LOBES Filed April 14, 1960 FIG. I Pr/or. AH
IN VEN TOR.
JOSEPH A. FENLON JR.
United States Patent M PARABGLiC REFLEQTGR WITH RIM 0F ABS DRB- ENG MATERIAL Ti) ATTENUATE SEDE LOBEF; Joseph A. Fenian, in, University (Z-ity, Mo, assignor to Mcfionneli Aircraft Qorporation, St. Louis, Mo., a
corporation of Maryland Filed Apr. 14, i960, Ser. No. 22,210 2 Claims. (Cl. 343-750) The present invention relates generally to devices for shaping the radiation pattern of an antenna and more particularly to radar antenna radiation pattern shaping means.
. Various means have been devised in the past to eliminate or at least to reduce antenna radiation in a particular direction. The known means have included radiation absorbing devices which are mounted adjacent to the antenna to absorb radiation in a chosen direction. the known construct-ions the radiation absorbing material has been fixedly attached to an immovable object adjacent to the antenna such as a radome but has not been satisfactory for use with moving antenna structures such as the antenna structures employed with radar gear because movement of the antenna changes the relative position of the absorbing material with respect to the antenna and thereby changes the direction or maximum radiation absorption relative to the radiation pattern. if the antenna is moved through a large enough angle the main antenna beam may actually be directed at the absorbing material and be undesirably attenuated while the side radiation which it is intended to be absorbed is unaffected. Another major problem of known radiation absorbing elements has been their inability to withstand intense radiation resulting in a functional breakdown when located in a strong electromagnetic field. These and other disadvantages of the known devices are overcome by the present device which comprises an antenna located adjacent to said radiator, and means mounted on the antenna structure for attenuating radiation therefrom in a .chosen direction relative to the antenna.
It is the principal object of the present invention therefore to provide means for reducing antenna radiation in a chosen direction, such as the side lobes of the radiation pattern so that the etiective radiation is concentrated as desired.
Another object is to uniformly reduce antenna radiation in a chosen direction relative to the antenna regardless of the direction in which the antenna is facing.
Another object is to maintain a constant relationship between a main antenna radiation beam and a secondary or side lobe.
Another object is to provide an inexpensive, lightweight and compact device capable of absorbing antenna radiation, which device is capable of withstanding large amounts of radiation without breaking down and which can be installed on new or existing antenna structures with minantennae and the like by maintaining a constant fixed relationship between the magnitude of the principal radiation lobe and the side lobes.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after considering the following detailed specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
Patented Aug. 20, 1963 In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an antenna mounted in a radome for movement about different axes relative to radiation absorbing means fixed in the radome which is representative of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna equipped with radiation absorbing means which moves with the movable portion of the antenna assembly; and
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but illustrating the application of the radiation absorbing means to a particular zone.
Referring to the drawing more particularly by reference numbers, the number lb refers to an antenna assembly constructed according to the teachings of the prior art.
The antenna it has a parabolic reflector or shield 12, a radiator 14 mounted centrally adjacent the concave side of the reflector 12, and suitable leads l6 connecting the 'adiator id to a radar set 18 or similar radiation transmitting device. The reflector 12 is movably carried on a universally pivoting device A.
When energy is fed to the radiator 14 from the radar set 13 it is radiated therefrom in a pattern, the characteristics of which depend upon the characteristics of the antenna components including the radiator and the reflector, the characteristics of the signal itself, and also the characteristics of the surrounding structures and their location relative to the antenna.
In FIG. 1 the pattern is assumed to consist of a main or forward radiation beam 29 which extends straight out from the antenna, and side lobes which are contained in an annular envelope shown at 22. In the more generalized situation there will be a number of side lobes, but for the sake of this invention these side lobes are dealt with as one general side lobe 22, which forms the envelope of all side lobes.
The prior art involved attenuating the side lobe 22 in a local area, say on the down side, by fixing in the radome Z4 absorbing material 26 which attenuated the radiations passing through the same, thereby reducing the effect on the scope pattern of the reflection from the ground or object at the chosen side of the antenna. The difiiculty with this system is that when the reflector 12 moves to face the material 26 the main lobe 24D is attenuated which is undesirable. When the reflector moves to face away from the material 2.6 the side lobe attenuation is meduced or eliminated. In order to overcome the difiiculty with prior art devices and to be able only to reduce the magnitude of the side lobe in a given direction or portion of the annular envelope 22 depicted in FIG. 1, radiation absorbing material 26a is mounted on the reflector 12 as shown in MG. 2, or as shown at 2612 in FIG. 3. Any suitable radiation absorbing material can be used for this purpose provided it can withstand the intensity of the radiation without breaking down. i-lereto fore, the absorber material of FIGSd, 2 and 3 consisted of a section of foam rubber with graphite therein and having a ply of aluminum foil on one surface.
A particular application where the present device has been found useful is in connection with the radar systems employed on airplanes. in such devices not only is it important to properly modify the radiation pattern in given directions but it is also important that the size and weight of the equipment be kept at a minimum. During a typical tracking operation, for example, using an airplane radar set, the radar antenna main beam is directed to a remote airborne target. The main beam Zil'a thus directed, is reflected from the target and picked up by the same antenna. At the same time energy is also being radidated in the form of side lobes 22a. When the attenuation material 26a is extended about the lip' of the reflector i2 (HG. 2) the envelope of side. lobes 22a is substantially attenuated in all directions. However, in FIG. 3
ddhiAYB 0 the envelope of side lobes is diiferently shaped at 22b from the lobe at 220, since part of the side lobe energy is radiated downwardly and reflected from the car-th s surface. The reflected energy received from the target area, and from the earths surface as a result of the side lobe energy, is fed to the radar set 18 and their presence made known in the form of images on a radar scope. The radar scope is usually calibrated in azimuth and range.
The pictorial representations on the scope appear as line which is referred to as the altitude line and which extends across the face of the scope as if it were a target at a range corresponding to the aircraft altitude, and as a target or bright spot. As the aircraft closes on the target, the range to the target decreases and the target must pass through the altitude line. It is important to proper tracking that the intensity of the power reflected from the target and received by the radar antenna be of much higher magnitude than the power the antenna receives which has been reflected from the earth. This diiierence in intensity will insure that the radar remains locked on the target as the target passes through the altitude line. In this regard it should be noted that the power due to noise and earth reflect-ions is due inlarge part to the strength of the side lobe reflections. If the reflected energy due to the side lobes is large, the power which contributes tothe altitude line will be large and it will be more diflicult for the tracking radar to distinguish between the altitude line and. target and lock on may be lost as the target passes through the altitude line. not impossible to successfully track.
As previously noted, to insure satisfactory tracking, the power received from the target signal must be appreciably greater than the power received from the earths signal. The ratio of the power received from the earth and the power received from the target depends on the reflecting areas of the reflecting bodies and the gain of the antenna when power is received from a particular direction. The ratio of the observed area of the earth to the observed target area is a factor which cannot be controlled. Therefore, in order to have an appreciably stronger signal from the target than from the earth, some means must be devised to reduce the amount of energy radiated in and received from the side lobes without reducing the energy directed by the main beam at the absorbing material so that the apparatus might produce results exactly opposite from the desired result, or having little or no eflect at all.
The present invention overcomes these disadvantages by mounting absorbing or attenuating material 26a on the antenna reflector 12 so that it moves with the reflector and not relative thereto. Therefore, regardless of the attitude of the airplane or the direction in which the antenna reflector is facing, the reflector never faces toward or away from the absorbing material. The purpose of applicants device then is to attenuate the side lobe power that otherwise would be radiatedtoward the earth or some other When this condition exists it becomes difficult if 4. body so that the reflected energy received by the main lobe will valways be substantially greater than the energy received from the side lobes.
While the present invention has been described in connection with its broad application (FIG. 3) and in a specific antenna construction (FIG. 2), it is obvious that it can also be used with many other antenna structures and for many other applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
1 claim:
1. For use with an aircraft radar-set having a scope, an antenna comprising a substantially round parabolic concave reflector having a forwardly extending central axis and a peripheral edge, a radiator element, meanssecuring said radiator element to said reflector and forwardly of said peripheral edge of said reflector on said axis, said radiator in combination with said reflector being capable of producing a forward energy lobe orientated on the axis of said reflector and side lobe energy orientated adjacent to the peripheral edge of said reflector and extending generally radially of said axis, an elongated arcuate strip of radiation absorbing material curved substantially the same degree as said peripheral edge, said strip having an axially inner edge portion telescopically received within the peripheral edge of said reflector, means fixedly securing said edge portion of said strip to the peripheral edge of said reflector, said strip being flared in relation to said axis so that said edge portion fits flush against and parallel to the peripheral edge of said reflector, the remainder of said strip flaring radially outwardly and axially torwrdly from said reflector so as to be in radial alignment with said radiator whereby the side energy lobe passes through said strip and is attenuated thereby, said strip attenuating said side lobe energy to a degree whereby when said forward energy lobe and said side lobe energy are reflected from an airborne target and earth respectively, images of substantially the same brightness are produced on said scope, universal joint means connected to said reflector and adapted to be secured to a support,
said universal joint means permitting said reflector, radiator and absorbing strip of material to be moved as a' unit in any direction relative to the base whereby the absorbing strip of material is always in the path of said side lobe energy and never in the path of said forward energy lobe.
2. An antenna as defined in claim 1, wherein said universal joint means includes a first pivot means having an axis perpendicular to and extending through the antenna axis, and a second pivot means having an axis intersecting and perpendicular to both said antenna axis and said first axis. l i s I References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Germany Jan. 8, 1959

Claims (1)

1. FOR USE WITH AN AIRCRAFT RADAR SET HAVING A SCOPE, AN ANTENNA COMPRISING A SUBSTANTIALLY ROUND PARABOLIC CONCAVE REFLECTOR HAVING A FORWARDLY EXTENDING CENTRAL AXIS AND A PERIPHERAL EDGE, A RADIATOR ELEMENT, MEANS SECURING SAID RADIATOR ELEMENT TO SAID REFLECTOR AND FORWARDLY OF SAID PERIPHERAL EDGE OF SAID REFLECTOR ON SAID AXIS, SAID RADIATOR IN COMBINATION WITH SAID REFLECTOR BEING CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A FORWARD ENERGY LOBE ORIENTATED ON THE AXIS OF SAID REFLECTOR AND SIDE LOBE ENERGY ORIENTATED ADJACENT TO THE PERIPHERAL EDGE OF SAID REFLECTOR AND EXTENDING GENERALLY RADIALLY OF SAID AXIS, AN ELONGATED ARCUATE STRIP OF RADIATION ABSORBING MATERIAL CURVED SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME DEGREE AS SAID PERIPHERAL EDGE, SAID STRIP HAVING AN AXIALLY INNER EDGE PORTION TELESCOPICALLY RECEIVED WITHIN THE PERIPHERAL EDGE OF SAID REFLECTOR, MEANS FIXEDLY SECURING SAID EDGE PORTION OF SAID STRIP TO THE PERIPHERAL EDGE OF SAID REFLECTOR, SAID STRIP BEING FLARED IN RELATION TO SAID AXIS SO THAT SAID EDGE PORTION FITS FLUSH AGAINST AND PARALLEL TO THE PERIPHERAL EDGE OF SAID REFLECTOR, THE REMAINDER OF SAID STRIP FLARING RADIALLY OUTWARDLY AND
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3156917A (en) * 1960-02-22 1964-11-10 Marelli Lenkurt S P A Antenna reflector and feed with absorbers to reduce back radiation to feed
US3314071A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-04-11 Gen Dynamics Corp Device for control of antenna illumination tapers comprising a tapered surface of rf absorption material
US3631504A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-12-28 Kunihiro Suetaki Parabolic antenna with wave absorber at circumferential edge
US4086591A (en) * 1976-09-28 1978-04-25 Raytheon Company Small aperture antenna
US4096483A (en) * 1975-03-14 1978-06-20 Thomson-Csf Reflector with frequency selective ring of absorptive material for aperture control
US4231043A (en) * 1979-08-22 1980-10-28 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Technique for reducing near-in sidelobes of an offset antenna
US4631547A (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Reflector antenna having sidelobe suppression elements
US4725847A (en) * 1986-06-04 1988-02-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Reflector antenna having sidelobe nulling assembly with metallic gratings
US6219005B1 (en) 1993-11-05 2001-04-17 Rafael-Armament Development Authority, Ltd. Method and apparatus for reducing sidelobes of antennas within radomes
US20040222931A1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2004-11-11 Matz William R. Antenna alignment devices
WO2005025000A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-17 Peter Bruckmeier Parabolic antenna provided with an attachment or several attachment elements on the outer edge
US7898454B1 (en) * 1966-05-09 2011-03-01 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense Radar jamming method and apparatus

Citations (9)

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US2460869A (en) * 1946-03-14 1949-02-08 Rca Corp Antenna
US2597313A (en) * 1945-06-07 1952-05-20 Us Sec War Antenna
US2767363A (en) * 1953-09-10 1956-10-16 Sperry Rand Corp Limit-stop control system
DE1020692B (en) * 1957-03-11 1957-12-12 Rohde & Schwarz Directional antenna for high frequency electrical waves
GB800466A (en) * 1955-08-23 1958-08-27 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to very short wave directional aerial systems
DE1048298B (en) * 1957-03-20 1959-01-08 Deutsche Bundespost Antenna arrangement with a parabolic mirror fed in via a hollow pipe
US2878470A (en) * 1954-05-27 1959-03-17 Sanders Associates Inc Conical beam antenna system
US2897491A (en) * 1957-01-22 1959-07-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Phase saturable transducer
US2998602A (en) * 1951-10-03 1961-08-29 John C Cacheris Energy decoupling of closely spaced radar antenna horns

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2597313A (en) * 1945-06-07 1952-05-20 Us Sec War Antenna
US2460869A (en) * 1946-03-14 1949-02-08 Rca Corp Antenna
US2998602A (en) * 1951-10-03 1961-08-29 John C Cacheris Energy decoupling of closely spaced radar antenna horns
US2767363A (en) * 1953-09-10 1956-10-16 Sperry Rand Corp Limit-stop control system
US2878470A (en) * 1954-05-27 1959-03-17 Sanders Associates Inc Conical beam antenna system
GB800466A (en) * 1955-08-23 1958-08-27 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to very short wave directional aerial systems
US2897491A (en) * 1957-01-22 1959-07-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Phase saturable transducer
DE1020692B (en) * 1957-03-11 1957-12-12 Rohde & Schwarz Directional antenna for high frequency electrical waves
DE1048298B (en) * 1957-03-20 1959-01-08 Deutsche Bundespost Antenna arrangement with a parabolic mirror fed in via a hollow pipe

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3156917A (en) * 1960-02-22 1964-11-10 Marelli Lenkurt S P A Antenna reflector and feed with absorbers to reduce back radiation to feed
US3314071A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-04-11 Gen Dynamics Corp Device for control of antenna illumination tapers comprising a tapered surface of rf absorption material
US7898454B1 (en) * 1966-05-09 2011-03-01 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense Radar jamming method and apparatus
US3631504A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-12-28 Kunihiro Suetaki Parabolic antenna with wave absorber at circumferential edge
US4096483A (en) * 1975-03-14 1978-06-20 Thomson-Csf Reflector with frequency selective ring of absorptive material for aperture control
US4086591A (en) * 1976-09-28 1978-04-25 Raytheon Company Small aperture antenna
US4231043A (en) * 1979-08-22 1980-10-28 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Technique for reducing near-in sidelobes of an offset antenna
US4631547A (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Reflector antenna having sidelobe suppression elements
US4725847A (en) * 1986-06-04 1988-02-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Reflector antenna having sidelobe nulling assembly with metallic gratings
US6219005B1 (en) 1993-11-05 2001-04-17 Rafael-Armament Development Authority, Ltd. Method and apparatus for reducing sidelobes of antennas within radomes
US20040222931A1 (en) * 2000-12-29 2004-11-11 Matz William R. Antenna alignment devices
US7102580B2 (en) * 2000-12-29 2006-09-05 Bellsouth Intellectual Property Corp. Antenna alignment devices
WO2005025000A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-17 Peter Bruckmeier Parabolic antenna provided with an attachment or several attachment elements on the outer edge

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