US3089217A - Equipment for concrete building construction - Google Patents

Description

May 14, 1963 D. FlLIPPl 3,089,217

EQUIPMENT F OR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 10, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. 0' FL' [i C BY mo O Lrh chxl ATTORNEBS y 1963 D. FlLlPPl 3,089,217

EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 10, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Dino F1. [i 1.

GkJWJA Z w ATTOG-N E55 May 14, 1963 D. FlLlPPl 7 EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Eiled March 10, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 3,

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INVENTOR. Dino FLU D 3L MM y ATTof NEss EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 10, 1960 D. FlLIPPl May 14, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR DINO F lLl PPI ww gw ATTORNEYS D. FlLlPPl 3,089,217

EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION May 14, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 10, 1960 \J, r .y/

\I -m u r L f t\\ f I 1 1 I v r I I r A A 1. I L. w a l Ha s-LC: 1 .M a 4 a I v O INVENTOR DINO FILIPPI F GIlOb ATTORNEYS United States Patent Office 3,089,217 Patented May 14, 1963 3,089,217 EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Dino Filippi, Via Appia Nuova 484, Rome, Italy Filed Mar. 10, 1960, Ser. No. 14,059 Claims priority, application Italy Mar. 25, 1959 Claims. (Cl. 25-131) The present invention is concerned with equipment for the construction of buildings in concrete or similar material, using metal forms which make it possible to dispense with the use of lumber scaffolding, leave the surfaces perfectly smooth and requiring no plastering. These forms can be assembled and taken apart with great ease for an unlimited number of times and can be arranged to leave window and door openings and recesses for storage spaces, window blinds, radiators, etc. and to leave vertical and horizontal ducts to accommodate water and gas pipe, electrio and telephone cables, heating and cooling pipes, etc.

Moreover, when pouring the walls, it is possible to incorporate tiles of brick, ceramic, glass or similar materials, as well as decorative mosaic tesserae of any type and shape.

The invention is based on the use of three difierent types of forms, and namely: a flat form for outside walls, floors, main, walls and partition walls; a core box to form cavities and recesses within poured concrete masses; a type of collapsible ceiling form.

For the erection of the forms, support and centering elements are provided. The former consists of a framework of metal elements, preferably tubular, which rise vertically from the floor and intersect at regular intervals horizontal elements arranged both parallel and perpendicular to outside walls. The purpose of this framework is to support the form on which the floor above is to be poured, and to this end the vertical elements are adjustable in height by means of screw jacks. The purpose of the horizontal framework elements is to withstand stresses and to maintain the wall forms in vertical position.

A loading crane traveling on rails across the width of the building is supported by the uppermost structure of the latter and is fitted over its length with a slightly sloping rail over which travels the carriage containing the concrete or similar construction material, such material being fed into the carriage by means of a hopper positioned above the carriage by means of a power-driven hoist, crane boom, pulley and cable arrangement. The above equipment is completed by means and organs for fastening and centering its components.

Other characteristics of the invention will be evident 5 construction with the form assembled but without the supfrom the following description, with reference to the enclosed drawings which portray, as a non-limiting example, one preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a wall form element;

FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of the same, taken along plane II-II of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 represents a detail of the joining of two superimposed elements of a wall fonn;

FIG. 4 is a partially cross-sectional plan view of a core box; 7

FIG. 5 shows the means employed for the spacing of the two wall forms;

FIG. 6 shows the device for centering a core box be tween two wall forms;

porting framework;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a core-box extractor;

FIG. 10 is a general perspective view of a ceiling under construction, resting upon the top of an outside wall;

FIG. 10a is an end view in section showing the arrangement of the wall forms and their manner of being supported on the pipe framework;

FIG. 10b is a fragmentary perspective view, in enlarged scale, of a ceiling under construction showing the arrangement and connections of the various forms;

FIG. ll is a detail of the means of attaching a horizontal framework pipe to support in position :a wall form;

FIG. 12 is a transversal view of a collapsible ceiling for-m;

FIG. 13 is a longitudinal view of the same;

FIG. 14 is a cross-section view of the floor with the form ready to be extracted, after the pouring and setting of the beams and chambers;

FIG. 15 shows the collapsible prop which supports the overlapping edges of the form walls shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 16 shows in plan the path of the cable used to collapse and extract the floor form;

FIG. :17 is a detail view of the turnbutton device which, by releasing the flat floor form, disengages it from the U irons which-had retained it in place during the pouring and setting of the concrete;

FIG. 18 is a general view of the loading crane structure;

FIG. 19 is a front view of the same, showing the floor leveling device;

FIG. .20 is a detail view of the means employed for erecting the raised crane rails.

Withreference to FIGURES l, 2 and 3, the fiat form 4 consists of a rectangular iron plate 5 fitted with a frame 6 made of corner irons 7 and several vertical U irons for strengthening purposes. Each element is fastened to the adjoining ones by means of slightly tapering pins 6 which are hammered into holes drilled at precise intervals in the frames 6.

The forms 4 are erected parallel to each other with the smooth surfaces facing, the distance between them being the thickness of the wall to be poured. In the space thus formed are installed several core boxes '8 (FIGS. 4 and 8), aligned and spaced at regular intervals.

The core boxes are hollow prismatic bodies, preferably of square section, perfectly smooth on the outside. Their upper face is fitted with a clip 11 to which is fastened by bolts .12 a square bar .1-3 (FIG. 8) which serves as an aligning element and supports the vibrators, which are not shown in the figure. To prevent the core box walls from bulging inwards as a result of the weight of the poured and vibrated concrete, provision is made to pressurize the core box by forcing air into it through valve 15. To expedite the setting of the concrete, provision is made for an electric plug feeding current to a heating resistance 14- or an infrared lamp.

To pull the core boxes 8 out of the walls after the concrete has set, the extractors shown in FIG. 9 are used. The extractors consist of a steel frame 8 1 on which is mounted a double bracket 82, in the center of which is threaded a screw 84, ending at the lower part with a head 85 which engages a slot in clip 11 fastened to core box 8. A hand bar '86 is used to turn screw 84, so as to force the core box out of the concrete mass. Once extracted from the concrete, the core box can be removed using a hoist or any other suitable means.

The correct positioning of the core box is ensured as follows: The horizontal lower face of the form 4 rests upon the U irons 16 (FIG. 6), which are fitted at regular intervals with holes coinciding with the centerline of each core box 8. Each core box carries, welded to the base, two forks 1 818 positioned symmetrically.

Through the holes inU irons 1 6 are threaded (-FIG. 6) pipes 20 fitted with a lug 21. These pipes are installed by turning them till lug 21 engages a projection 22 welded to the U iron side. Thereupon a round bar 23 is inserted into the two aligned pipes 20, and the said round bar is engaged by the two forks 18 of the core box 8, which is made to assume its correct position, both because the axis of rod 23 coincides with the center plane of the core box, and because the section of pipe 20' projecting on either end inside the space between forms maintains th core box properly centered.

To prevent the wall from bulging outwards spacer pipes 9 are installed in suitable numbers between the facing walls of forms (FIG. 5), such spacer pipes being fastened by means of threaded iron bushings passing through facing andaligned holes in the wall form 5 and corner iron 6.

FIG. 10 shows the framework intended both to support the floor structure and to maintain in proper position the system of wall forms 4. The elements of this framework are vertical pipes 26- and horizontal pipes 27 and 28, all of the same diameter. The pipes are tangent to each other at the points of crossing (FIG. 7), where each pipe is drilled through its diameter: the horizontal pipes only being provided with milled recesses 27' 28 which ensure better contact at the point of tangence, at the same time locating the aligned diametral holes, through which pass bolts 29, fitted at one end with key 29' and to the other with a threaded nut.

The end of the horizontal pipes-27 or 28 facing the wall forms is fastened thereto in the manner shown in FIG. 11. The end of the pipe 28 rests against the corner iron 6 of wall form, while to the corner iron 6 butted against the former and. belonging to the form next below is welded a corner bracket 30 which, by means of a bolt 30 passing through the diameter of pipe 28, suitably fastens the latter to the wall form. I

The tubular columns 26 rest upon plates laid on the fioor below and support at the upper end U irons 36, which in turn support a surface formed by plates 32 reinforced attheir edges by corner irons 32. The upper face of surface 3-2 provides the horizontal surface for pouring the floor, and the said vertical columns 26 include vertically adjustable screw sleeves or other means 3 4 to level the floor surface, the screw sleeves acting to support the after described turn buttons 39 as shown in FIGURE 17.

Plates 32 are supported by irons 36 in the following manner: at regular intervals along these irons there are welded plates 37 (FIG. 17), to which are pivoted by screws 38 elongated turn-buttons 39 which, when positioned-with the greater length perpendicular to the axis of the irons 32', provide for the latter a support which maintains the level surface 312 at the same height as irons 36. By turning turn-buttons 39 by 90, the edges of corner irons 32 are released, and with them plates 32, which can thus be removed after the floor has set.

When surface 32 has been prepared for the pouring of the floor, the following operations are carried out: a slab of concrete 4-0 (-FIG. 12) is poured, limited to the longitudinal area underlying the floor forms, which will be described'below, no concrete being poured opposite the lower flange of the beams 41 (FIG. 14). In this layer of concrete are embeddediron rods 42 which constitute the reinforcing of the floor, then the floor chamber forms are laid in alignment. These forms (FIGS. 12 and 14) comprise a bottom in two sections 43 facing each other with two edges obtained by bending the metal plate to a right angle.

The two bottom sections 43 are fitted at the ends with hinges 47 and 47' on which are mounted the shaped top sections 48, which fit over each other at the centerline by two anglebent edges 48' and '48" (FIG. 12).

When the forms are laid in position, longitudinally aligned in such a manner that between two adjoining rows of forms beams '41 reinforced with rods 49, when the concrete is poured, are formed in the known mam ner, each form is fastened and stiifened internally by means of two props 51 (FIGS. l2, l3 and 15) swinging around pivot 52 fastenedto the end of a bracket 5-3 welded inside the form. At the base of bracket 53 a spring-loaded plunger 54 fits into a recess in collapsible prop 511 and retains it in vertical position. The plunger arrangement, however, is so designed that by pulling a rope the prop can be made to swing down. To this end, the ends of props 51 are shaped to forks 51, in which passes the rope used, after the concrete has been poured and has set, to collapse the form and withdraw it, in the following sequence:

Rope 56 is fastened by a hook 57 to an eye 57' welded to the inner wall of the form, then (FIGS. 12, 13, 14 and 16) is passed through a sheave 58 fastened to the form bottom 43 and then through holes in the angle flanges 43'. Thenthe rope is passed through the righthand fork 51, then through the left-hand fork (FIG. 13), from which it angles back and its free end C is led outside ie to a position accessible to the operator, at the edge of the floor if permitted by the shape of the string course, or through one of the openings 59 (FIG. 10) which for this purpose are provided temporarily in the floor.

When end C of the rope is pulled in the direction shown by theyarrow in FIGS. 12 and 16, prop 51 swings downwards, allowing the rope to disengage fron'rfork 51. Keeping up the pull on the rope, the same happens with the second prop, that shown on the right in FIG. 13. As the latter col-lapses the rope, remaining engaged by the holes in flanges 43, will be tensioned between the righthand flange and sheave 58. Under these conditions, the rope will exert a downward pull on hook 57 (FIG. 14) and the right-hand half form will rotate around the hinge 47, pushing down on angle 48", thus forcing the left-hand half form to perform an identical rotation around the left-hand hinge 47. At this point the floor form will be completely released, and can be withdrawn. The advantages of the type of floor structure described above lie above all in the elimination of tiles and of the plaster coat used to protect the latter, thus resulting in a considerable reduction in cost, weight and labor required for construction.

FIGURES 18 and 19 represent, respectively in longitudinal and front views, the bridge crane used for the loading and distribution of the material. The crane bridge is supported by a suitable number of trapezoidal frames 61 which rest on a plurality of wheels 62 running on rails 63 laid parallel to one side of the building. Frames 61 form a bridge-like structure which supports a pair of parallel rails 64, installed to slope slightly from a higher point underneath the lifting tackle 66 at the end of the girder 65 down to the other end of the bridge crane 61, which will be long enough to span the whole length of the building.

By means of rope 67 and winch 68 a skip 69 is raised from the ground floor, such skip being fitted at the lower end with a spout 71 which can 'be opened and closed by means of lever 72. This skip, by means of a chute 73 pivoted around a shaft 74 fastened to girder 65 and attachable to the skip when the latter reaches the top of its vertical travel, discharges its load into a transport bucket 75, which moves on rollers 76 along the slightly sloping rails and can easily be stopped to discharge its load on the floor at any point thereof because the bridge crane can move along rails 63 across the full width of the building, while bucket 75 can be moved across the whole length of the bridge crane.

In order to enable the concrete to be poured for the entire thickness of the floor, rails 63 will have to be installed at a certain distance above the surface of the forms 32. This is achieved, as clearly shown in FIG. 20, by means of stanchions 77 on which the rails are mounted. These stanchions are screwed, by their lower threaded ends, into nuts 78 welded at equal intervals between the flanges of U irons 36 and are fitted at the upper end with a disc 77', upon which the rails are attached by means of clamps 79. After the concrete has set, parts 63, 77 and 79 are withdrawn from above the floor, while nuts 78 welded to irons 36 are withdrawn from below together with the latter.

FIG. 19 represents a leveling device, mounted below frames 61 which support the bridge crane. The device consists of a shaft 87 rotatable by means of a handwhee-l 88, which drives into rotation a flat blade 89 attached at the lower end of the said shaft. Blade 89' is long enough to smooth the floor area underlying a pair of frames 61 comprised between bridge crane wheels 62.

It is understood that the construction described above shall be subject to such adaptations as may be from case to case required by construction requirements. Thus, for instance, if two outside walls do not form a right angle, hinged forms may be provided, making it possible to set wall forms at the desired dihedral angle.

What I claim is:

1. Equipment for constructing buildings of concrete and the like, comprising, in combination, a plurality of spaced wall forms located in sections, each section having two parallel rows of wall forms, each wall form having a fiat metal plate and a plurality of profile irons enclosing the edges of said plate and constituting a frame, the plates of each section facing each other, whereby concrete may be poured between the plates of each section to provide a concrete Wall; a framework of vertical and horizontal metal pipes engaging the profile irons of some of the wall forms in each section for supporting said wall forms vertically, the vertical pipes tangentially contacting the horizontal pipes, a separate bolt extending through each vertical pipe and each horizontal pipe at the point of tangential contact of the two last-mentioned pipes, said horizontal pipes having recesses formed at said points of tangential contact and. receiving circumferential portions of adjacent vertical pipes, plate means supported on the tops of the vertical pipes in said framework, a layer of concrete covering said plate means, transverse spacer bars, means connecting said spacer bars with said wall forms, a plurality of core-box forms, each of said core-box forms having a hollow body, forks firmly connected with said hollow body and extending downwardly therefrom, said forks embracing one of said spacer bars for supporting said hollow body between the plates of said wall forms, and a clip upon said hollow body; an alinement bar connected to the clips of said core-box forms and engaging said wall forms; and at least one floor form supported on said layer of concrete, said floor form having a sectional bottom and collapsible top sections hingedly connected with said sectional bottom.

2. Construction equipment in accordance with claim 1, further comprising horizontal crane carrying rails, and means connected with said framework and supporting said crane carrying rails above said wall forms.

3. A crane for use with the construction equipment of claim 2, said crane comprising a plurality of elongated rigidly connected frames, wheels carried by said frames and mounted on the crane carrying rails, a winch carried by said frames, a sloped chute swingably connected with said frames, rails carried by said frames and sloping in the direction of one end of said frames, a skip, a rope carrying said skip and extending over said winch and said chute, a bucket movable upon the last-mentioned rails for receiving concrete from said skip, a rotary shaft carried by said frames, and a scraper blade carried by said shaft for levelling the poured concrete.

4. Equipment for constructing buildings of concrete and the like, comprising, in combination, a plurality of spaced wall forms located in sections, each section having two parallel rows of wall forms, each wall form having a flat metal plate and a plurality of profile irons enclosing the edges of said plate and constituting a frame, the plates of each section facing each other, whereby concrete may be poured between the plates of each section to provide a concrete wall; a framework of vertical and horizontal interconnected metal pipes engaging the profile irons of some of the wall forms in each section for supporting said wall forms vertically, U-irons, means carried by the upper ends of said ventical pipes and adjustably supporting said U-irons, plates located between the flanges of said U-irons and firmly connected thereto, elongated turn-buttons pivotally connected to the last-mentioned plates, transverse spacer bars, means connecting said spacer bars with said wall forms, a plurality of core-box forms, each of said core-box forms having a hollow body, forks firmly connected with said hollow body and extending downwardly therefrom, said forks embracing one of said spacer bars for supporting said hollow body between the plates of said wall forms, and a clip upon said hollow body; an alinement bar connected to the clips of said core-box forms and engaging said wall forms, a plurality of alined plates adjustably mounted upon said turn-buttons and constituting a floor surface, a layer of concrete covering said floor surface; and at least one collapsible floor form supported on said layer of concrete, said floor form having a sectional bottom and collapsible top sections hingedly connected with said sectional bottom.

5. Equipment for constructing buildings of concrete and the like, comprising, in combination, a plurality of spaced wall forms located in sections, each section having two parallel rows of wall forms, each wall form having a flat metal plate and a plurality of profile irons enclosing the edges of said plate and constituting a frame, the plates of each section facing each other, whereby concrete may be poured between the plates of each section to provide a concrete wall; a framework of vertical and horizontal interconnected metal pipes engaging the profile irons of some of the wall forms in each section for supporting said wall forms vertically, plate means supported on the tops of the vertical pipes in said framework, a layer of concrete covering said plate means, transverse spacer bars, means connecting said spacer bars with said wall forms, a plurality of core-box forms, each of said core-box forms having a hollow body, forks firmly connected with said hollow body and extending downwardly therefrom, said forks embracing one of said spacer bars for supporting said hollow body between the plates of said wall forms, and a clip upon said hollow body; an alinement bar connected to the clips of said core-box forms and engaging said wall forms; and at least one floor form supported on said layer of concrete, said floor form having two bottom sections arranged in side by side relation and having opposed upturned edges, two top sections hingedly connected to said upturned edges and having in terengaging edges, a pair of pivots connected to one of said bottom sections, a prop mounted at one end on each of said pivots and having a fork at the other end for supporting said top sections a distance above said bottom sections, a sheave connected to the other one of said bottom sections, an eye connected to one of said top sections and a rope connected at one end to said eye and extending around said sheave and forked ends of said props whereby a pull on the other end of said rope will cause said top sections to collapse.

(References on following page) References Cited-1n the; file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Witthoefft Mar. 23, 1909 Milankovitch Nov. 16, 1909 5 Baron Nov. 16, 1921} Liedler Dec. 27, 1927 Alley May 15, 1928 Garrett June 26, 1934 McDowell June 30, 1936 10

Claims (1)

1. EQUIPMENT FOR CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS OF CONCRETE AND THE LIKE, COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A PLURALITY OF SPACED WALL FORMS LOCATED IN SECTIONS, EACH SECTION HAVING TWO PARALLEL ROWS OF WALL FORMS, EACH WALL FORM HAVING A FLAT METAL PLATE AND A PLURALITY OF PROFILE IRONS ENCLOSING THE EDGES OF SAID PLATE AND CONSTITUTING A FRAME, THE PLATES OF EACH SECTION FACING EACH OTHER, WHEREBY CONCRETE MAY BE POURED BETWEEN THE PLATES OF EACH SECTION TO PROVIDE A CONCRETE WALL; A FRAMEWORK OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL METAL PIPES ENGAGING THE PROFILE IRONS OF SOME OF THE WALL FORMS IN EACH SECTION FOR SUPPORTING SAID WALL FORMS VERTICALLY, THE VERTICAL PIPES TANGENTIALLY CONTACTING THE HORIZONTAL PIPES, A SEPARATE BOLT EXTENDING THROUGH EACH VERTICAL PIPE AND EACH HORIZONTAL PIPE AT THE POINT OF TANGENTIAL CONTACT OF THE TWO LAST-MENTIONED PIPES, SAID HORIZONTAL PIPES HAVING RECESSES FORMED AT SAID POINTS OF TANGENTIAL CONTACT AND RECEIVING CIRCUMFERENTIAL PORTIONS OF ADJACENT VERTICAL PIPES, PLATE MEANS SUPPORTED ON THE TOPS OF THE VERTICAL PIPES IN SAID FRAMEWORK, A LAYER OF CONCRETE COVERING SAID PLATE MEANS, TRANVERSE SPACER BARS, MEANS CONNECTING SAID SPACER BARS WITH SAID WALL FORMS, A PLURALITY OF CORE-BOX FORMS, EACH OF SAID CORE-BOX FORMS, HAVING A HOLLOW BODY, FORKS FIRMLY CONNECTED WITH SAID HOLLOW BODY AND EXTENDING DOWNWARDLY THEREFROM, SAID FORKS EMBRACING ONE OF SAID SPACER BARS FOR SUPPORTING

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