US3087683A - Vibrating crushers - Google Patents

Description

April 30, 1963 A. K. MOULTON VIBRATING CRUSHERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed NOV. 14, 1960 INVENTOR Ar/hur K. Mou/fon ATTORNEYS April 1963 A. K. MOULTON 3,087,683

VIBRATING CRUSHERS Filed Nov. 14, 1960 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS United States This invention relates to new and useful improvements in vibrating crushers.

The invention is concerned in particular with a vibratory crusher having a pair of crushing plates or members spaced apart to form a crushing zone with means for causing one of the crushing members to undergo rapid vertical and horizontal movement with respect to the other crushing member.

It is an important object of the invention to provide an improved crusher for crushing and comminuting solid materials either in dry form or suspended in a fluid, such as air, by passing the material between a pair of crushing members, one of which is more or less fixed and the other of which undergoes both vertical and horizontal oscillations of a very rapid frequency so that the material is crushed not only between the crushing members but against adj oining material.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved device of the character described in which the crushing zone is in the form of a more or less conical annulus having downwardly convergent lateral boundaries and through which material to be crushed is downwardly ted so as to force the material into progressively restricted spaces for superior and more complete crushing and comminution.

Yet a further object of the invention is to provide an improved device of the character described into which material may be fed by gravity or in a suitable fluid stream entering from either beneath or above the crushing structure and including a pair of crushing or comminnting members arranged in superposed fashion, one of the members being fixed and the other being arranged for undergoing rapid horizontal and vertical vibration.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved device of the character described in which the movements of the vibrating crushing member may be adjusted in both the horizontal and vertical planes in order to obtain the desired type of crushing with respect to materials of varying natures and characteristics.

A further object of the invention is to provide, an improved vibratory crusher having a pair of spaced crushing members in which material is crushed and cornminuted not only between the crushing faces of the crushing members, but also because of relative movement and the exertion of crushing forces within the body proper of the material.

Other more specific objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from a reading of the following description.

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described, together with other features of the invention.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein examples of the invention are shown, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical, sectional view of a vibratory crusher constructed in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 2 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view taken on the lines 2-2 of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a vertical, sectional view, partly in elevation, of a modified form of the invention, and

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the form of the invention shown in FIG. 3.

atent 3,987,633 Patented Apr. 30, 1963 secured to and supported by the upper portions of the legs 10 and carries an inner, conical hopper 15 downwardly convergent from the upper edge of the wall 13. The lower end of the hopper 15 is truncated as shown at 16 and supports a downwardly divergent, conical crushing plate 17 having a downwardly facing, conical, downwardly divergent crushing face 18. A short, upwardly inclined annular member 19 joins the lower end of the upper or first crushing plate 17 with the lower end of the cylindrical outer wall 13.

While the upper crusher assembly 14 is desirably secured rigidly to the supporting legs 10, it is quite apparent that provision could be made for some degree of movement or vibration of the assembly 14 with respect to the legs 10, as by the utilization of resilient strips or pads 20 between the upper portions of the legs 10 and the outer surface of the cylindrical outer wall 13 and the employment of suitable clamping or securing members 21.

A plurality of coiled springs or other resilient elements 22 are secured to and extend upwardly from the base plate '11 at points spaced around and closely adjacent the periphery of the opening 12. The upper ends of the resilient elements are secured to and support a transverse plate 23 having a central opening '24 through which a cylindrical, open-ended motor shroud 25 extends, the lower end of the shroud 25 projecting downwardly slightly below the plane of the base plate 11, and the upper end of the shroud projecting above the plate 23. A conical, downwardly divergent lower or second crushing member 26 is supported upon the shroud 25 and plate 23, the intermediate portion of the side wall of the member 26 adjoining and being secured to the upper edge of the shroud 25 as by welding or in other suitable fashions, the outer periphery of the plate 23 being secured to the inner wall oi? the second crushing member adjacent its lower edge or periphery as by welding or otherwise so that a marginal and lower skirt 27 of the member 26 projects downwardly and outwardly from the plate 23. An open-topped, annular trough or collector receptacle 28 depends from the marginal portion 27 of the member 26 and extends radially outwardly therefrom, the trough 28 being of rectangular cross section and having its inner wall bent inwardly at its upper end 29 for securing as by welding or bolting to the underside of the marginal portion 27. Suitable gusset plates 30 are secured between the inner wall of the trough 28 and the underside of the plate 23.. An approximately tangential discharge conduit 31 opens outwardly from the interior of the trough 28 and terminates in a downwardly directed discharge chute 32 for discharge and collection of the crushed or cornminuted material.

A chamfered supporting ring 33 is carried upon the inner wall of the shroud 25 approximately in the plane of the plate 23 and formed with a radially inwardly extending lip 34 upon which the bevelled support ring 35 of an electric motor or other motive means 36 is supported. A doubly bevelled clamping and retaining ring 37 is secured between the rings 33 and 35 by bolts 38 for clamping and securing the motor 36 positively and rigidly within the shroud 25 and the lower crushing assembly.

The motor 36 is provided with a double ended shaft extending vertically and axially of the shroud 25, the upper shaft of the motor having clamped or secured thereto an eccentric weight 39, and the lower shaft having secured thereto a second eccentric weight 40 having provision for the addition of auxiliary weights 41. The lower weight 49 is so arranged as to be readily adjustable angularly with respect to the eccentric weight 39 so that the two weights may be adjusted as desired about their eccentric axes with respect to one another. Thus, the centers of gravity of the weights 39 and 40 may lie in the same vertical plane extending radially of the axis of the motor 36, or may be adjusted to positions lying in differing vertical planes over a range of to 180. An electric cord or other power conductor 42 supplies motive power or energy to the driving member 36.

This motor and eccentric weight assembly is disclosed in the patent to G. H. Meinzer, No. 2,284,671, issued June 2, 1942, and no claim is made thereto.

It is to be noted that the lower crushing member 26 terminates at its upper end in an apex disposed approximately at the lower end of the hopper 15, and is formed with its crushing face upwardly convergent at an angle less than the angle at which the crushing face of the upper crushing member is downwardly divergent.

In this form of the invention the driving means, such as the electric motor 36, operating at a suitable speed such as 1,000 to 2,000 revolutions per minute will, because of the offset or eccentric masses of the weights 39 and 40, impart to the lower or second crushing member 26 a rapid gyratory or horizontal component of movement in which the lower crushing member is rapidly vibrated eccentrically with respect to the upper or first crushing member 17 At the same time, due to the selective angular offsetting of the weight 40 with respect to the weight 39, and the possible addition or removal of supplementary weights 41 to or from the weight 40, there will be imparted a vibratory or vertical component of movement comprising essentially a tilting of the lower member within the upper member in a plane which revolves rapidly about the axis of the crusher. Thus, various areas of the crushing surface of the lower crushing member 26, and particularly the lower portions thereof, will be approaching toward and withdrawing from the crushing surface 18 of the upper member 17, and such areas of approach and withdrawal will be rapidly shifting, perhaps in a random manner due to the presence of material between the two crushing faces, so that a rapid over-all crushing and comminuting effect is observed. The same action will occur at the upper portion of the lower crushing member 26, perhaps with a smaller degree of movement but with a greater application of crushing forces. Thus, the larger pieces and particles of the material being crushed will be initially subjected to a restrained but quite forceful crushing action, and as the partially crushed particles work their way downwardly between the two crushing surfaces, the amplitude of the crushing movement may be increased though it may be applied with less force or crushing pressure. Not only will the faces of the upper and lower crushing members be applying this crushing and comminuting movement, but crushing forces and movements will be applied through the outer or boundary particles to the inner or intermediate particles. Thus, a mere grinding phenomenon is not present, but instead, a rapid, high-speed and eccentric crushing movement with what might be termed the application of random and rapidly varying crushing movements, varying both as to location and as to force or degree of pressure. The relative angular adjustment of the weight 40 with respect to the weight 39 will, of course, vary both the intensity and amplitude of the crushing movements as well as the pattern in which such movements are rapidly shifted circumferentially around the crushing zone. The crushed or comminuted particles will, of course, fall from the open lower end of the crushing zone into the collection trough 28 which also is undergoing vibratory and shaking movements so that the particles will be rapidly vibrated circumferentially of the trough 28 for discharge through the outlet 32.

It is noted that the projection of the apex of the lower crushing member 36 to the very lower portion of the hopper 15 will aid in the proper feeding of material into the crushing zone and will largely eliminate any tendency for the material to bridge across the lower truncated end of the hopper 15.

A second form of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and includes a rectangular base 43 formed of marginal support members 44 and intermediate, transverse support members 45 from the corners of which base suitable supporting posts or members 46 extend upwardly. A tubular support sleeve 47 is rigidly or adjustably secured to each of the posts 46 as by means of a securing or clamping bolt 48, it again being pointed out that resilient liners may be interposed between the sleeves 47 and the posts 46 to impart a degree of flexibility to the structure if such is desired. A flat or substantially fiat upper or first crushing member or plate 49, desirably of circular cross section, is supported from the sleeves 47 by elongate gusset plates or brackets 50 secured to the upper surface of the plate 49 and extending outwardly and upwardly for securing to the sleeves 47 as by welding or in any other suitable fashion. A tubular admission conduit 51 extends downwardly to the center of the upper member 49 and opens therethrough by means of a central opening 52 pro vided in the member 49.

Supported upon the intermediate transverse support members 45 is an upstanding cylindrical base member 53 having an annular outwardly extending flange 54 at its upper extremity. Coiled springs or other resilient means 56 extend upwardly from the flange 54 and have their upper ends received to rectilinear brackets 57 depending from the underside of a lower or second crushing member or plate 58. Of course, the plate 58 may be resiliently and rockably mounted upon the upper end of the base member 53 in any other suitable or desirable fashion. The structure described, in particular, has been found most suitable.

The plate 58 immediately underlies the plate 49, being spaced a selected or suitable distance therefrom in accordance with the vertical positioning of the sleeves 47 upon the supports 46, such spacing being fixed if found desirable or necessary, or adjustable if variation in the crushing member spacing, and in the vertical height of the crushing zone formed between the plates, is found preferable.

A marginal collector trough 59 is secured to and depends from the periphery of the plate 58, the trough 59 being of the open top variety with a rectangular cross section and having a discharge chute 60 extending more or less tangentially therefrom and terminating in a discharge spout 61.

A cylindrical motor shroud 62 depends from the underside .of the plate 58 into the base member 53 and is braced in position by a plurality of gusset plates 63 extending upwardly and outwardly from the shroud to the underside of the plate 58. A driving motor 64 is secured vwithin the shroud 62 upon a mounting 65 in much the same manner that the motor 36 is secured within the shroud 25, there also being provided an additional securing and supporting ring 66 in the lower portion of the shroud for engaging a second bevelled ring 67 on the lower extremity of the motor 64. Again, an eccentric weight 67' is mounted upon the upper shaft of the motor 64, and a lower weight 68 is secured on the lower shaft thereof, the weight 68 having provision for the additional removal of supplementary weights 69 and being angularly adjustable with respect to the weight 67.

It is to be noted that the driving means for the upper and lower eccentric weights in both forms of the invention may be an electric motor, electro-magnetic means of a conventional nature, a hydraulic or fluid operated motor as shown in FIG. 3 (supplied with motive fluid under pressure through the conductor 70) or any other suitable or desirable type of driving means. It is also to be noted that the feed of material to be crushed may be delivered from the upper end of either assembly or through conventional construction from the lower end thereof, that such feed may be dry, carried in a current of fluid such as air, or even, conceivably, dispersed in a liquid such as water. In most instances, however, a dry or gaseous fluid borne feed will be preferable. It is also to be noted that in the second form of the invention, the upper plate 49 may be slightly bowed with or without the slight dishing of the lower plate 58 in order to provide a progressive reduction in the vertical dimension of the crushing zone moving from the center thereof to the marginal portions thereof. Due to the tilting action obtained in the lower plate 58, however, the two crushing members may be relatively flat in configuration, as shown in FIG. 3 and more or less equi-distantly spaced over their entire expanses.

The operation of the second form of the invention is substantially the same as that of the first described form, it being noted that the lower crushing member 58 will undergo eccentric movement in a horizontal direction for rolling and crushing of particles in the crushing zone while simultaneously undergoing a rapidly revolving and oscillatory tilting action resulting in fine crushing of the particles present in the margainal portions of the crushing zone. The discharging or collecting of the crushed or comminuted particles in the trough 59 and the discharge therefrom through the outlet 61 will be essentially the same as that previously described. Again, the relative angular positions of the weights 67' and 68 may be adjusted as desired in order to obtain the desired type and degree of crushing action commensurate with the type of material being crushed, the degree of fineness dmired and the rate of production. The spacing between the crushing faces of the two crushing members of the second form of the invention may be regulated through the selected vertical positioning of the sleeves 47 upon the supports 46, and in the alternative structure of the form of the invention shown in FIG. 1, by loosening and vertical movement of the clamping elements 21 upon the supporting legs 10. In both forms of the invention, crushing and comminution is obtained through the rapid and eccentric vibratory movement of the resiliently mounted crush-ing member with respect to the more or less rigidly mounted member, coupled with the also rapid eccentric tilting or oscillatory movement between the two members resulting in the ensuring of proper feed into the crushing zone with simultaneous rapidly shifting crushing movements applied to the material being handled directly by the crushing faces as well as between adjacent particles of material and the rapid and almost random shifting of amplitude of crushing movement, force of the crushing thrust, and area of application of the crushing forces.

The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A vibratory crusher including, a supporting frame, a first crushing anvil carried by said frame, a second crushing anvil arranged with respect to said first anvil to define a crushing zone between said first and second anvils, a motor having a shaft resiliently mounted on said frame, said motor shaft having a pair of weights mounted thereon, one of said weights being mounted adjacent one end of said shaft and the other of said weights being mounted eccentrically to said first weight on the other end of said shaft, said second anvil being rigidly connected to said motor and thereby being resiliently mounted with respect to said first anvil, said motor revolving said weights about the motor shaft to impart a vibratory universal movement to said second anvil, and means for directing material to the crushing zone.

2. A vibratory crusher as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first anvil is rigidly mounted on said frame.

3. A vibratory crusher as set forth in claim 1 wherein said weights are angularly adjustable with respect to each other about said shaft.

4. A vibratory crusher as set forth in claim 2 wherein said weights are angularly adjustable with respect to each other about said shaft.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 653,679 Kimble July 17, 1900 1,557,307 Mitchell 'Oct. 13, 1925 1,616,240 Symons Feb. 1, 1927 1,879,923 Deister Sep.- 27, 1932 2,131,801 Gruender Oct. 4, 1938 2,161,096 Schreferstein June 6, 1939 2,168,582 Rider Aug. 8, 1939 2,171,429 Kiesskalt Aug. 29, 1939 2,261,257 Kiesskalt et a1 Nov. 4, 1941 2,556,641 Bakewell June 12, 1951 2,663,340 Goodwin Dec. 22, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 688,059 Germany Feb. 12, 1940

Claims (1)

1. A VIBRATORY CRUSHER INCLUDING, A SUPPORTING FRAME, A FIRST CRUSHING ANVIL CARRIED BY SAID FRAME, A SECOND CRUSHING ANVIL ARRANGED WITH RESPECT TO SAID FIRST ANVIL TO DEFINE A CRUSHING ZONE BETWEEN SAID FIRST AND SECOND ANVILS, A MOTOR HAVING A SHAFT RESILIENTLY MOUNTED ON SAID FRAME, SAID MOTOR SHAFT HAVING A PAIR OF WEIGHTS MOUNTED THEREON, ONE OF SAID WEIGHTS BEING MOUNTED ADJACENT ONE END OF SAID SHAFT AND THE OTHER OF SAID WEIGHTS BEING MOUNTED ECCENTRICALLY TO SAID FIRST WEIGHT ON THE OTHER END OF SAID SHAFT, SAID SECOND ANVIL BEING RIGIDLY CONNECTED TO SAID MOTOR AND THEREBY BEING RESILIENTLY MOUNTED WITH RESPECT TO SAID FIRST ANVIL, SAID MOTOR REVOLVING SAID WEIGHTS ABOUT THE MOTOR SHAFT TO IMPART A VIBRATORY UNIVERSAL MOVEMENT TO SAID SECOND ANVIL, AND MEANS FOR DIRECTING MATERIAL TO THE CRUSHING ZONE.

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