US3081215A - Method of making an ozonizer electrode unit - Google Patents

Method of making an ozonizer electrode unit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3081215A
US3081215A US825551A US82555159A US3081215A US 3081215 A US3081215 A US 3081215A US 825551 A US825551 A US 825551A US 82555159 A US82555159 A US 82555159A US 3081215 A US3081215 A US 3081215A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
films
plates
electrodes
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US825551A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Held Fritz
Maag Willi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Forschung an der Eidgenoessischen Technischen Hochschule
Original Assignee
Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Forschung an der Eidgenoessischen Technischen Hochschule
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Forschung an der Eidgenoessischen Technischen Hochschule filed Critical Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Forschung an der Eidgenoessischen Technischen Hochschule
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3081215A publication Critical patent/US3081215A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/10—Preparation of ozone
    • C01B13/11—Preparation of ozone by electric discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
    • C01B2201/10—Dischargers used for production of ozone
    • C01B2201/12—Plate-type dischargers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
    • C01B2201/30—Dielectrics used in the electrical dischargers
    • C01B2201/34—Composition of the dielectrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31645—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31649—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for producing ozone by a silent discharge of electricity between a plurality of fiat, plate-shaped electrodes which are arranged in spaced juxtaposed relation, alternately connected to opposite poles of a source of high voltage and attached to dielectric plates which project roundabout over the edges of the electrodes.
  • plate ozonizers are known per se and have, as compared with tube ozonizers in which the electrodes are formed by coaxial tubes disposed within each other, the advantage that they require less space for a given total electrode surface, thus rendering possible the manufacture of comparatively small apparatus.
  • a great problem in apparatus for producing ozone by a silent electric discharge is the corrosion of the electrodes, especially when the air to be ozonized is predried only partially or not at all.
  • the yield of ozone with dried air is greater, for technical use apparatus are demanded whose efi'lciency is somewhat lower, but on the other hand do not require the costly additional appliances for drying the air and the attention on these appliances.
  • Suoh ozonizers are particulary suitable for temporary operation in small waterworks, industrial concerns and for mobile plants, say, in the army.
  • the ozone produced is mainly utilized for sterilizing water.
  • the invention contemplates embedding each electrode between two dielectric plates, and filling the space completely between these plates and between them and the embedded electrodes with an adhesive binder, to be thus free from air.
  • an adhesive binder through the adhesive binder the two dielectric plates and the intermediate electrodes are united to a coherent plate-shaped structural element.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a sectional viewof an apparatus with a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes, taken on the line II of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of the same apparatus, taken on the line IIH of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows on a larger scale a structural element of the apparatus with a single electrode as viewed from left to right in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section taken on the line IVIV of FIG. 3, on a larger scale;
  • FIG. 5 shows a fragmentary View of a modified form of the structural element in a representation similar to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section taken on the line VIVI of FIG. 5, on a larger scale
  • FIG. 7 shows a fragmentary view of another modified form of the structural element, likewise in representation similar to FIG. 3.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a casing 1t) which preferably consists of some corrosionproof synthetic material.
  • a casing 1t which preferably consists of some corrosionproof synthetic material.
  • Two walls 11 opposite each other of the casing 10 are broken through and joined with connecting parts 12, into each of which a pipe 13 opens respectively for supplying the air to be ozonized and for carrying off the air enriched with ozone.
  • the casing 10 has arranged in it a plurality of plateshaped structural elements 15 in spaced juxtaposed relation.
  • each of said elements 15 is composed of several parts which, however, constitute a coherent structural unit as explained further below, for the sake of clarity FIGS. 1 and 2 show each the elements 15 as a single part only.
  • the casing walls 11 On their inner sides the casing walls 11 have grooves which are engaged by the elements 15, as clearly shown in FIG. 2. The elements 15 are retained in their proper position by the ribs formed between said grooves.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show one of the elements 15 on a larger scale. It comprises two plates 16 and 17 of dielectric material, preferably glass, having embedded therebetween a flat, plate-shaped electrode 18.
  • the plates 16, 17 and the electrode 18 are connected to each other by an adhesive binder 18 which is also dielectric and completely fills the space between the plates 16, 17 and between them and the electrode 18 so that the space is free from air.
  • the plates 16, 17 may consist of mica or ceramic material or some organic synthetic substance.
  • the electrode 18 is a metal foil, especially of aluminum.
  • the electrode 18 has formed on it an integral connecting lug 20 which projects beyond the edge of the plates 16, 17 and has a slit 21.
  • the two dielectric plates 16, 17 are larger than the electrode 18, and the plates 16, 17 project roundabout at least 10 mm. beyond the edges of the electrode 18, preferably 20-30 mm, depending on the voltage of the source of high potential used for producing the ozone.
  • an adhesive binder 19 a polymer synthetic substance, especially .polyvinyl acetate, is suitable.
  • the metal foil electrode is visible through one sheet of glass and one layer of binder, both of which are transparent.
  • the described elements 15 which among each other are all of identical design, are so positioned in the casing 16 that the connecting lugs Zll of the successive elements 15 alternately project upwards and downwards, as shown in PEG. 1. All upwardly projecting lugs Zil are clamped between metallic spacer sleeves 212 through which a threaded bar 23 is passed. Said bar is supported in the walls of the casing 1d and secured by means of nuts 24. An additional nut 25 serves for clamping the spacer sleeves 22 together with the lugs zit-engaging therein.
  • the metallic threaded bars 23, 27 are connected to one end or the other of the secondary winding of a highvoltage transformer 30 serving as a source of high voltage. In this way, the electrodes 18 arranged in spaced juxtaposition are alternately connected to opposite poles of the source of high voltage 30.
  • the air to be ozonized is blown into the casing through one of the pipes 13, and then passed through the interspaces between the elements 15, where a silent electric discharge, a so-called glow-discharge, takes place, whereby ozone is formed.
  • the AC. voltage applied to the electrodes 18 amounts to between 6,000 and 20,000 volts.
  • the ozone enriched with air is permitted to escape at the other side of the casing 10 through the pipe 13 connected there.
  • the dielectric plates 16, 17 and the binder 19 of each structural element prevent the substances present Within the discharge space from reaching the electrodes 18 so as to protect them from corrosion, V
  • the described apparatus is also suitable for operation with air that is not or only incompletely predried.
  • the binder 19 and the plates 16, 17 will prevent the metal of the electrodes 18 from being atomized through the glow-discharges on the surface thereof, whereby also the formation of electrically conductive layers of precipitate upon the dielectric plates 16, 17 will be prevented.
  • Only the component parts located in the glow-zone, i.e. adjacent the discharge space are known to be endangered by corrosion, for which reason the connecting lugs 20, spacer sleeves 22, 26, threaded bars 23, 27 and nuts 25, 29 located substantially outside the discharge space will be much less subject to corrosion.
  • each element 15 made of an inorganic material, inasmuch as, for instance, organic synthetic substances, are indeed corrosion-proof, but less capable of withstanding the stresses caused by the electric glow-discharge.
  • the binder 19 of the elements 15 may, however, without disadvantage, be an organic synthetic substance, as it will be protected by the dielectric plates 16, 17 against the harmful influences of the glow-discharge.
  • the structural element 15 may, for instance, be manufactured as follows:
  • a glass plate 16 is first laid which, depending on its size, may be 1-5 mm. thick. Then said plate 16 is covered with a foil 0.25-1 mm. thick, which mainly consists of polyvinyl acetate and includes softeners, such as tricresyl phosphate. Subsequently, on said foil the metal electrode 18 is laid, which may be, for instance, 0.1-0.3 mm. thick. Following this, a second foil of polyvinyl acetate is laid over the electrode 18, and thereupon the whole is covered with a second glass plate 17. By evacuation, any air possibly present between said'parts is drawn 01f, whereupon the composite body is heated in an autoclave and pressed together by means of a pressure gas.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 there is shown a modified form of a structural element 115. It is distinguished from the described elements 15 in that the electrode 118 is not a metal foil, but a covering, say, a metallic layer or a non-metallic electrically conducting layer, applied to one dielectric plate.
  • the layer 113 may be applied in a manner known per se, by spraying-on, depositing by vaporization, depositing from a solution, etc., whereby the layer may be given any desired shape by making use of suitable templates or the like.
  • a single plastic foil of, say, polyvinyl acetate may be placed between the plate 17 provided with the layer, and the other plate 16, whereafter the procedure is the same as described with reference to the structural element 15.
  • the plastic foil After heating and pressing, the plastic foil forms an adhesive binding layer 119 between the plates 16, 17, in order to connect them to each other practically inseparable.
  • a connecting lug 120 consisting of a thin metal foil and which, prior to the bonding of the two plates 16, 17, is connected electrically conductively with one end to the layer 118 and with its other end allowed to protrude beyond one edge of the plate.
  • the second modified form of a structural element 215 shown in FIG. 7 is only distinguished from the described elements 15 in that the electrode 218 consists, instead of a metal foil, of a metallic netting or fabric. Instead of a connecting lug 20, some wires 220 of the netting 218 project beyond the dielectric plates 16, 17. In making the element 215, the netting 218 is embedded, just like,
  • the electrode 18 between two plastic foils and between the dielectric plates 16, 17.
  • the principal advantage of the described apparatus for producing ozone results from the plate-shaped elements 15, or 215, which may be produced in any desired form and shape according to the particular use, and arranged side-by-side in any desired number. No special difiiculties are encountered in giving the structural elements the required mechanical and thermal strength and in incorporating them afterwards in the apparatus.
  • the described structural elements permit of operating the apparatus, if desired, also wit-h air dried incompletely or not at all.
  • the elements '15, 115 or 2 15 enable the construction of comparatively small apparatus, in which within a given space, 'a relatively large total surface of electrodes may be installed.
  • Method of making an electrode unit for an apparatus for producing ozone by a silent electric discharge between a plurality of fiat plate-shaped electrodes consisting essentially of the following steps: assembling two films of transparent organic thermoplastic dielectric material between two transparent dielectric glass plates and a smaller layer of conductive metal, to serve as electrode, between said films, evacuating air from between films and plates and from between films and electrodes, converting said film's into a plastically soft condition by' heating the assembly while simultaneously pressing the assembly, and finally allowing the assembly to cool.
  • Method of making an electrode unit for an apparatus for producing ozone by a silent electric discharge between a plurality of flat plate-like electrodes consisting essentially of the following steps: depositing an electrically conducting metal layer, serving as an electrode, onto one side of a first transparent dielectric glass plate, said electrode being smaller than said glass plate, assembling a film of transparent organic thermoplastic dielectric material between said electrode-coated side of said first glass plate and a second transparent dielectric glass plate, evacuating air from between film and plates and from between film and electrode, converting said film into a plastically soft condition by heating the assembly While simultaneously pressing the assembly, and finally allowing the assembly to cool.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
US825551A 1958-07-24 1959-07-07 Method of making an ozonizer electrode unit Expired - Lifetime US3081215A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT359689X 1958-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3081215A true US3081215A (en) 1963-03-12

Family

ID=3672720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US825551A Expired - Lifetime US3081215A (en) 1958-07-24 1959-07-07 Method of making an ozonizer electrode unit

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3081215A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH359689A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1101375B (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1230834A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB859871A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU37440A1 (en:Method)
NL (2) NL111842C (en:Method)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3228845A (en) * 1963-02-28 1966-01-11 William K Najjar Dental cleanser paste
US3337784A (en) * 1962-02-09 1967-08-22 Lueder Holger Method for the production of unipolar ions in the air and for enriching the air of a room with them
US3417302A (en) * 1962-02-09 1968-12-17 Holger George Lueder Apparatus for the production of unipolar ions in the air of a room
US3457160A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-07-22 Climabec Inc Apparatus for generating ozone
US3973133A (en) * 1974-03-13 1976-08-03 Aerojet-General Corporation Ozone generator
US4037268A (en) * 1974-01-07 1977-07-19 Apsee, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a negative charge effect in an environment
US4098591A (en) * 1975-05-07 1978-07-04 Bronswerk Heat Transfer B.V. Apparatus and method for removing non-conductive particles from a gas stream
US4216000A (en) * 1977-04-18 1980-08-05 Air Pollution Systems, Inc. Resistive anode for corona discharge devices
US4249919A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-02-10 Kalt Charles G Matrix type electrostatic precipitator
US4545960A (en) * 1983-03-04 1985-10-08 Erz Gerhard J Fluid treatment system and ozone generator therefor
WO1989011909A1 (en) * 1988-06-01 1989-12-14 Newman James J Ozone generator
US5525310A (en) * 1995-08-02 1996-06-11 Decker; R. Scott Continuous corona discharge ozone generation device
US5766560A (en) * 1996-02-02 1998-06-16 Ozone Industries Limited Ozone generator
US6024930A (en) * 1996-08-08 2000-02-15 Quantum Electronics Corporation Ozone generator plate
US9067788B1 (en) 2012-11-01 2015-06-30 Rick B. Spielman Apparatus for highly efficient cold-plasma ozone production
EP4039640A1 (en) 2021-02-05 2022-08-10 Rick B. Spielman Apparatus for highly efficient cold-plasma ozone production

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3351759A (en) * 1964-08-04 1967-11-07 Gen Electric Apparatus for determining aerosol particle size comprising a combined diffuser-denuder
BR6906665D0 (pt) * 1968-02-29 1973-01-09 Purification Sciences Inc Dispositivo gerador de carona para producao do azonio
GB2243725A (en) * 1990-05-02 1991-11-06 Peng Yu Hshiang A low thermal shock plate type corona generator
CZ309213B6 (cs) * 2020-12-03 2022-05-25 Technická univerzita v Liberci Plošný generátor ozonu

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1396222A (en) * 1919-04-25 1921-11-08 Ozone Company Ozonizer
GB467428A (en) * 1934-12-14 1937-06-16 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Manufacture of splinterless glass
US2088776A (en) * 1936-03-17 1937-08-03 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Process of making laminated safety glass
US2136572A (en) * 1936-03-20 1938-11-15 Marbon Corp Ozonizer
US2403241A (en) * 1940-08-03 1946-07-02 Sanozone Corp Ozone generating cell
US2744865A (en) * 1952-04-05 1956-05-08 Nicholas J Penning Ozone generator
US2945976A (en) * 1957-12-10 1960-07-19 Gen Electric Electroluminescent lamp and manufacture thereof

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1715627U (de) * 1955-09-19 1956-01-26 Wolfgang Waehner Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von ozon.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1396222A (en) * 1919-04-25 1921-11-08 Ozone Company Ozonizer
GB467428A (en) * 1934-12-14 1937-06-16 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Manufacture of splinterless glass
US2088776A (en) * 1936-03-17 1937-08-03 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Process of making laminated safety glass
US2136572A (en) * 1936-03-20 1938-11-15 Marbon Corp Ozonizer
US2403241A (en) * 1940-08-03 1946-07-02 Sanozone Corp Ozone generating cell
US2744865A (en) * 1952-04-05 1956-05-08 Nicholas J Penning Ozone generator
US2945976A (en) * 1957-12-10 1960-07-19 Gen Electric Electroluminescent lamp and manufacture thereof

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3337784A (en) * 1962-02-09 1967-08-22 Lueder Holger Method for the production of unipolar ions in the air and for enriching the air of a room with them
US3417302A (en) * 1962-02-09 1968-12-17 Holger George Lueder Apparatus for the production of unipolar ions in the air of a room
US3228845A (en) * 1963-02-28 1966-01-11 William K Najjar Dental cleanser paste
US3457160A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-07-22 Climabec Inc Apparatus for generating ozone
US4037268A (en) * 1974-01-07 1977-07-19 Apsee, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a negative charge effect in an environment
US3973133A (en) * 1974-03-13 1976-08-03 Aerojet-General Corporation Ozone generator
US4098591A (en) * 1975-05-07 1978-07-04 Bronswerk Heat Transfer B.V. Apparatus and method for removing non-conductive particles from a gas stream
US4216000A (en) * 1977-04-18 1980-08-05 Air Pollution Systems, Inc. Resistive anode for corona discharge devices
US4249919A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-02-10 Kalt Charles G Matrix type electrostatic precipitator
US4545960A (en) * 1983-03-04 1985-10-08 Erz Gerhard J Fluid treatment system and ozone generator therefor
WO1989011909A1 (en) * 1988-06-01 1989-12-14 Newman James J Ozone generator
WO1989011908A1 (en) * 1988-06-01 1989-12-14 Sacks, Norman, L. Ozone generator
US4892713A (en) * 1988-06-01 1990-01-09 Newman James J Ozone generator
US5525310A (en) * 1995-08-02 1996-06-11 Decker; R. Scott Continuous corona discharge ozone generation device
US5766560A (en) * 1996-02-02 1998-06-16 Ozone Industries Limited Ozone generator
US6024930A (en) * 1996-08-08 2000-02-15 Quantum Electronics Corporation Ozone generator plate
US9067788B1 (en) 2012-11-01 2015-06-30 Rick B. Spielman Apparatus for highly efficient cold-plasma ozone production
EP4039640A1 (en) 2021-02-05 2022-08-10 Rick B. Spielman Apparatus for highly efficient cold-plasma ozone production
US11866326B2 (en) 2021-02-05 2024-01-09 Rick B. Spielman Apparatus for highly efficient cold-plasma ozone production

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH359689A (de) 1962-01-31
NL241047A (en:Method) 1900-01-01
LU37440A1 (en:Method)
NL111842C (en:Method) 1900-01-01
FR1230834A (fr) 1960-09-20
GB859871A (en) 1961-01-25
DE1101375B (de) 1961-03-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3081215A (en) Method of making an ozonizer electrode unit
US3745309A (en) Electrically heated transparent panel
HU215656B (hu) Túlfeszültség-levezető
US3865733A (en) Apparatus for the production of ozone
US3573104A (en) Fuel cell unit with novel fluid confining and directing features
DE1671705A1 (de) Batterie aus elektrisch in Reihe geschalteten Brennstoffzellen mit Festelektrolyt
US2615841A (en) Ozone generation
US2231529A (en) Method of incorporating metal plates in panels
US2744865A (en) Ozone generator
US3895433A (en) Electrically heated transparent panel
GB1355693A (en) Electrical heating elements
US3986158A (en) Electric fuse having casing of synthetic-resin-glass-cloth laminate
JPS6325694B2 (en:Method)
JPS58196071A (ja) 電歪効果素子
CN208111553U (zh) 一种电连接装置以及包括该电连接装置的方形电池模组
DE2357631A1 (de) Katalytischer oxidationsreaktor fuer wasserstoff oder andere brennbare gase in einem sauerstoff enthaltenden gasgemisch
CN210091889U (zh) 一种高耐压防腐耐高温漆包扁线电感器
US3354000A (en) Electrochemical cell
US3950186A (en) Envelope for the tubular electrodes of storage batteries
JP2005059249A (ja) 複合多孔質体
US515502A (en) Secondary battery
SU1560942A1 (ru) Электрокалорифер
RU1802917C (ru) Способ изготовлени нагревательного устройства
CN2166572Y (zh) 感温、屏蔽、接地保护面状电热积层片
JPS63292594A (ja) 面発熱体