US3076317A - Insulating foundation for cryogenic storage tank - Google Patents

Insulating foundation for cryogenic storage tank Download PDF

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Publication number
US3076317A
US3076317A US58524A US5852460A US3076317A US 3076317 A US3076317 A US 3076317A US 58524 A US58524 A US 58524A US 5852460 A US5852460 A US 5852460A US 3076317 A US3076317 A US 3076317A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
foundation
vessel
concrete
storage tank
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US58524A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fave Ivan V La
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
Original Assignee
Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE605675D priority Critical patent/BE605675A/xx
Priority to NL263830D priority patent/NL263830A/xx
Application filed by Chicago Bridge and Iron Co filed Critical Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
Priority to US58524A priority patent/US3076317A/en
Priority to GB12146/61A priority patent/GB907860A/en
Priority to DE19611434586 priority patent/DE1434586A1/de
Priority to FR874208A priority patent/FR1301735A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3076317A publication Critical patent/US3076317A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/081—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large land-based storage vessels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
    • G11B5/54—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head into or out of its operative position or across tracks
    • G11B5/55—Track change, selection or acquisition by displacement of the head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete

Definitions

  • Liquid cryogens ⁇ or frost vproducing substances such as liquefied oxygen, liquefied hydrogen, liquefied methane and similar liquefied gases have extensive industrial 'and defense applications.
  • frost vproducing substances such as liquefied oxygen, liquefied hydrogen, liquefied methane and similar liquefied gases have extensive industrial 'and defense applications.
  • In storing these liquid cryogens at atmospheric pressures it is necessary that extremely low temperatures be used in order for the normally gaseous materials -to remain in ythe liquid state. Under these conditions the following temperatures are used: hydrogen - ⁇ 423 F., oxygen -297 F.,Aand methane 258 F. Accordingly, ⁇ the storage of liquid cryogens has an important part in the application of such cryogens for both industrial and defense purposes.
  • annular space between the shells and roofs of the inner and outer tanks can then be filled with a loose fill of an inexpensive, granular, insulating material such as expanded perlite at a cost far below the cost of other suitable rigid and impermeable insulating material applied to the exterior shell and roof surface of the cryogenic storage tank where no outer tank is utilized.
  • an inexpensive, granular, insulating material such as expanded perlite
  • it is necessary to provide an insulating material between the bottom of the cryogenic storage tank and the ⁇ bottom of the outer tank which not only has excellent insulating properties but also is of suicient strength to support the weight of the cryogenic storage tank and its contents.
  • the conventional foundation materials have presented a number of disadvantages.
  • foamed glass although used successfully, has a very high unit cost.
  • Insulating concrete while being of somewhat lower cost, presents other problems, including the fact that excessive heat of hydration can be created by rnonolithically placing a large mass of concrete and also the fact that such concrete may not have dried sufficiently within a reasonable time after placement because of its large mass.
  • foamed cement an extremely light type of insulating concrete having excellent insulating properties isused, such as foamed cement, it is sometimes diflicult to place it monolithically without encountering excessive slumping which destroys much of the insulating effectiveness.
  • a foundation for a flat bottom liquid cryogenic storage tank which combines the economic advantages of the use of granular or Ifibrous insulating material such as perlite or mineral wool with the structural advantage of using insulating concrete, and at the same time overcomes the disadvantages relating to excessive heat of hydration and Y excessively Ilong drying times when mass concrete is used.
  • FIGURE l is a vertical cross-sectional view of a flat bottom cylindrical cryogenic storage tank built in accordance with this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken through the section 2 2 of FIGURE l.
  • the cryogenie tank consists of an inner storage vessel 10 having flat bottom 11, cylindrical shell 12, and roof 13, al1 of metallic material having proper structural qualities at the extremely low temperatures of the stored product, such as stainless steel or aluminum.
  • Inner vessel 10 containing the cryogenic liquid L, is surrounded by an outer shell or vessel 14 having a shape similar to inner vessel 10.
  • Outer shell or vessel 14 has fiat bottom 15, cylindrical shell 16, and roof 17.
  • lightweight concrete foundation 18 is placed upon flat bottom 1S of the outer vessel 14. A large number of cylindrical voids 19 are provided in this foundation.
  • these voids are filled with a loose Iiill of an inexpensive granular or brous insulating material such asexpanded perlite.
  • a concrete cap -20 is placed above the foundation 18 to support the iiat bottom ⁇ 11V of the outer vessel 14 element of the cryogenic tank.
  • annular space 21 between the shells and roofs of the inner vessel 10 and outer vessel 14 is filled with a loose lill of an in,- expensive granular insulating material such as expanded perlite 2,2.
  • a prepared grade 23 which can consist of sand, gravel, dirt, a concrete slab on piles, or other suitable foundation.
  • a porous grade material such as gravel or crushed stone and to locate the tank grade at an elevation suiiiciently high to be above the level of any ground water.
  • the heat transfer between the supporting grade 23 and the cryogenic liquid L will be such that, vunless the grade is heated or ventilated in some way, it will freeze. The result could be a damaged tank.
  • Freezing of the prepared grade can be avoided by providing duct Work or conduit system 24 through which a heat transfer medium can be circulated. Such freezing can occur because of heat transfer from the grade through the insulating material into the cryogenic tank.
  • This Ventilating or heat transfer means 24 is schematically shown in the form of tubing through which heated water can be circulated if necessary. In some instances it may be suflicient for the ducts of the heat exchange system to be merely left open to the atmosphere to permit natural circulation.
  • a conventional insulating concrete foundation 60 inches thick is provided within the outer housing.
  • a plurality of voids are provided for holding the loose iill of granular expanded perlite insulation.
  • the foundation slab after the granular insulation has been placed is covered with a concrete cap upon which is positioned the inner storage vessel.
  • the ratio of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the voids to the horizontal cross-sectional area of the bottom supporting material should be a maximum consistent with the loadcarrying ability of the bottom supporting material.
  • Each different combination of materials, i.e., granular and loadbearing, will demand a different ratio of cross-sectional areas dependent on the insulating and strength properties of each as well as the cost of each.
  • cross-sectional area ratios within the range of about 1:1 to 30:1 are preferred.
  • Light-weight concretes having densities of about 5 to 40 pounds per cubic foot are used in the construction of the foundation.
  • Lightweight aggregates can be used to produce the lightweight product or preferably conventional proprietary aeration techniques can be used to control the desired density of the concrete used.
  • the voids are shown as cylindrical, but they may as well have polygonal cross-sections.
  • the supporting foundations for the cryogenic tank By designing the supporting foundations for the cryogenic tank to have a large number of voids, as shown in the drawings, the total mass of the foundation concrete is measurably lessened, and there is consequently a measurable reduction in the heat of hydration produced during the hardening of the concrete.
  • the large number of voids presents a much larger surface area for drying, which assures a drying of the mass of concrete within a relatively short time. This is particularly true if the cores are removed as soon as practicable after the concrete has set up.
  • granular expanded perlite was employed as the insulating material in the cavities of the cored tank foundation.
  • Other loose ll insulation can be employed including expanded vermiculite, inorganic aerogels such as silica aerogel, granulated cork, shredded foamed polystyrene, shredded wood pulp, etc.
  • the insulation should have a particle size of less than about 1A; inch and K factor of less than about 0.4 B.t.u./ sq. ft./hr./inch.
  • FIGURE 1 a thin concrete cap is shown between the top of the poured concrete foundation 18 and the bottom 11 of the inner storage vessel.
  • the concrete cap In order to provide a short span slab for bridging the cavities the concrete cap should be about 4 to 6 inches thick. It should be understood, however, that under certain circumstances the concrete cap may be dispensed with, particularly where the voids are of sufiiciently small cross-sectional area as to permit the tank bottom to bridge over the cavities or voids without excessive deection and where adequate provision has been taken to prevent moisture from getting into the insulation-filled voids.
  • a cryogenic storage tank comprising an outer vessel including a substantially flat bottom resting on a graded foundation, an inner storage vessel disposed within and spaced from said outer vessel and having a substantially flat bottom, and a foundation for said inner vessel disposed between said bottom of said inner vessel and said bottom of said outer vessel which substantially covers the bottom of said outer vessel, said foundation comprising a lightweight concrete slab having a plurality of individual cylindrical cavities penetrating substantially the thickness of said slab and a thin concrete cap covering said slab, said cavities being tlled with a loose lill of dry insulating material.
  • a cryogenic storage tank comprising an outer vessel including a substantially at bottom resting on a graded foundation, an inner storage vessel disposed within and spaced from said outer vessel and having a substantially at bottom, a foundation for said inner vessel disposed between said bottom of said inner vessel and said bottom of said outer vessel which substantially covers the bottom of said outer vessel, said foundation comprising a lightweight concrete slab having a plurality of individual cylindrical cavities penetrating substantially the thickness of said slab and a thin concrete cap covering said slab, said cavities being lled with a loose ll of dry insulating material, and a heat transfer system disposed in the graded foundation below said bottom of said outer vessel for supplying heat to the graded foundation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US58524A 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Insulating foundation for cryogenic storage tank Expired - Lifetime US3076317A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE605675D BE605675A (xx) 1960-09-26
NL263830D NL263830A (xx) 1960-09-26
US58524A US3076317A (en) 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Insulating foundation for cryogenic storage tank
GB12146/61A GB907860A (en) 1960-09-26 1961-04-05 Cryogenic storage tank
DE19611434586 DE1434586A1 (de) 1960-09-26 1961-04-22 Doppelwandiger Lagertank fuer kalte Fluessigkeiten
FR874208A FR1301735A (fr) 1960-09-26 1961-09-26 Dispositif d'isolation pour réservoir de stockage des liquides cryogènes et réservoirs comportant un tel dispositif

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58524A US3076317A (en) 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Insulating foundation for cryogenic storage tank

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3076317A true US3076317A (en) 1963-02-05

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Family Applications (1)

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US58524A Expired - Lifetime US3076317A (en) 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Insulating foundation for cryogenic storage tank

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3076317A (xx)
BE (1) BE605675A (xx)
DE (1) DE1434586A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB907860A (xx)
NL (1) NL263830A (xx)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285014A (en) * 1962-05-24 1966-11-15 Conch Int Methane Ltd Ground reservoir for the storage of a liquefied gas
US3338010A (en) * 1964-12-22 1967-08-29 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Insulation foundation for low temperature and cryogenic storage tanks
US3442060A (en) * 1964-06-24 1969-05-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique Perforated plate and tank fitted therewith
US3448886A (en) * 1965-07-01 1969-06-10 Whessoe Ltd Storage tanks
US3473689A (en) * 1967-05-29 1969-10-21 Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel Insulating foundation
US3514913A (en) * 1968-02-02 1970-06-02 Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel Insulating foundation for a low temperature storage tank
US3832958A (en) * 1972-02-17 1974-09-03 Dyno Industrier As Building for explosive dangerous materials
US3952531A (en) * 1973-01-31 1976-04-27 Simon-Carves Limited Cryogenic storage tanks
US4069642A (en) * 1975-08-19 1978-01-24 Bouwmaatschappij Nederhorst B. V. Storage tank having a protective wall construction
US4073976A (en) * 1975-02-06 1978-02-14 Pittsburgh Corning Corporation Method for capping cellular glass blocks for the load bearing insulation of liquefied gas storage tanks
US4094151A (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-06-13 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Anti-freezing method and apparatus for ground surrounding liquified gas storing underground tank
US4365478A (en) * 1978-08-24 1982-12-28 Sulzer Brothers Limited Support for a spherical tank
US5971009A (en) * 1997-02-10 1999-10-26 Tanksafe Inc. Dual containment assembly
US20050120723A1 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-06-09 Mustang Engineering, L.P. Methods and Apparatus For Processing, Transporting And/Or Storing Cryogenic Fluids
US20100154332A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Base mat assembly and method of constructing the same
US20120325821A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-12-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic storage tank
US10845002B2 (en) * 2016-02-02 2020-11-24 Ic Technology As Liquid natural gas storage tank design

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2029373A (en) * 1978-09-09 1980-03-19 Petrofina Ltd Portable fuel storage and dispensing tank
DE2936420C2 (de) * 1979-09-08 1982-10-28 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Doppelwandiger Behälter für tiefkalte Flüssigkeiten,z.B. Flüssiggas
RU2553013C1 (ru) * 2014-03-20 2015-06-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Акционерная компания по транспорту нефти "Транснефть" (ОАО "АК "Транснефть") Способ тепловой изоляции резервуаров
CA2942865C (en) 2014-03-28 2021-07-13 Public Joint Stock Company "Transneft" Heat insulated tank
CA2942805C (en) 2014-03-28 2020-09-22 Public Joint Stock Company "Transneft" Method for thermally insulating reservoirs

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520883A (en) * 1942-07-11 1950-08-29 Linde Air Prod Co Container for liquefied gases
US2777295A (en) * 1952-09-12 1957-01-15 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Concrete reservoir for liquefied gases
GB840952A (en) * 1958-09-22 1960-07-13 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Liquefied gas storage containers
US2959318A (en) * 1958-07-01 1960-11-08 North Thames Gas Board Containers for liquefied gases

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520883A (en) * 1942-07-11 1950-08-29 Linde Air Prod Co Container for liquefied gases
US2777295A (en) * 1952-09-12 1957-01-15 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Concrete reservoir for liquefied gases
US2959318A (en) * 1958-07-01 1960-11-08 North Thames Gas Board Containers for liquefied gases
GB840952A (en) * 1958-09-22 1960-07-13 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Liquefied gas storage containers

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285014A (en) * 1962-05-24 1966-11-15 Conch Int Methane Ltd Ground reservoir for the storage of a liquefied gas
US3442060A (en) * 1964-06-24 1969-05-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique Perforated plate and tank fitted therewith
US3338010A (en) * 1964-12-22 1967-08-29 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Insulation foundation for low temperature and cryogenic storage tanks
US3448886A (en) * 1965-07-01 1969-06-10 Whessoe Ltd Storage tanks
US3473689A (en) * 1967-05-29 1969-10-21 Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel Insulating foundation
US3514913A (en) * 1968-02-02 1970-06-02 Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel Insulating foundation for a low temperature storage tank
US3832958A (en) * 1972-02-17 1974-09-03 Dyno Industrier As Building for explosive dangerous materials
US3952531A (en) * 1973-01-31 1976-04-27 Simon-Carves Limited Cryogenic storage tanks
US4073976A (en) * 1975-02-06 1978-02-14 Pittsburgh Corning Corporation Method for capping cellular glass blocks for the load bearing insulation of liquefied gas storage tanks
US4069642A (en) * 1975-08-19 1978-01-24 Bouwmaatschappij Nederhorst B. V. Storage tank having a protective wall construction
US4094151A (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-06-13 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Anti-freezing method and apparatus for ground surrounding liquified gas storing underground tank
US4365478A (en) * 1978-08-24 1982-12-28 Sulzer Brothers Limited Support for a spherical tank
US5971009A (en) * 1997-02-10 1999-10-26 Tanksafe Inc. Dual containment assembly
US20050120723A1 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-06-09 Mustang Engineering, L.P. Methods and Apparatus For Processing, Transporting And/Or Storing Cryogenic Fluids
US7293417B2 (en) * 2004-02-11 2007-11-13 Mustang Engineering, L.P. Methods and apparatus for processing, transporting and/or storing cryogenic fluids
US20100154332A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Base mat assembly and method of constructing the same
US20120325821A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-12-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic storage tank
US8783501B2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2014-07-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic storage tank
US10845002B2 (en) * 2016-02-02 2020-11-24 Ic Technology As Liquid natural gas storage tank design

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB907860A (en) 1962-10-10
DE1434586A1 (de) 1969-02-13
BE605675A (xx)
NL263830A (xx)

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