US3075344A - Double twisted strand and method of making the same - Google Patents

Double twisted strand and method of making the same Download PDF

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US3075344A
US3075344A US38468A US3846860A US3075344A US 3075344 A US3075344 A US 3075344A US 38468 A US38468 A US 38468A US 3846860 A US3846860 A US 3846860A US 3075344 A US3075344 A US 3075344A
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Prior art keywords
strand
core member
length
core
wires
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US38468A
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James M Fenner
William A Gurecki
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United States Steel Corp
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United States Steel Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
    • D07B1/068—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the strand design
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
    • D07B1/0686—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the core design
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
    • D07B2201/2055—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2067—Cores characterised by the elongation or tension behaviour
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/201—Polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a double twisted strand and to a method of making the same and more particularly to a strand made" of metallic wires surrounding an elastic core.
  • the double twist method of stranding is more economical than the, ordinary method of stranding because the stranding operation is faster and the equipment involved is less expensive. The equipment also takes up less. floor] space.
  • one objectionable feature'in the doublejtwist method of stranding wire filaments is the impossibility of retaining a wire in the center of a strand to serve as a single continuous core member.
  • the double twist stranding method is such that if a wire is retained in the center of the strand it will be longer than the strand produced so that kinks or loops will form in the center core. For example; if the double twist stranding method is used to produce a seven wire strand made up of .012" diameter wires with a 0.40" length of lay, the first twist will require a length of 12.0531 for each of the outer wires. At the completion of the first twist the lay of the strand will be 0.80".
  • the second twist would theoretically require 12.2109" of length for each of the outer strand wires for every 12" of core wire length.
  • the lengths of the outer wires and the core wire are determined by the first twist so that the additional length required of the outer wires by the second twist is not available. This results in a tighter twisting of the outer wires and shortening of the lay to 0.40". From the foregoing it is apparent that upon completion of the second twist the length of the core wire, as set by the first twist, will be excessive and must be gathered up or accounted for either as a kink or a loop at intervals in the strand length.
  • the excess core wire length is equal to the difference between the theoretical length required for the outer wire after the second twist and the actual length of these wires after the first twist.
  • the excess core wire length would be equal to 0.1578" for every 12" of core wire length or the difference between 12.2109" (theoretical length required in the outer core wires after second twist) and 12.0531" (the actual length of the outer wires after the first twist). From the above. it is also seen that for every 12" of core length delivered to the double twist strander, it is necessary to deliver 12.2109 of outer wire length and that after double twisting the actual length of strand produced is equal to 11.8422" (the difference between 12" and the 0.1578" of excess core length),
  • Another object is to provide a rope structure utilizing such strands.
  • a still further object is to provide a method of making such a strand.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal view of the strand of our invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a transverse sectional view of the strand of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal view of the cord or rope of our invention; and I I V FIGURE 4 is a transverse sectional view of the cord of FIGURE 3.
  • reference numeral 2 indicates the strand of our invention.
  • the strand consists of a center core 4 and six steel wires 6 stranded around the center core: 4.
  • the center core 4 may be a single filament or a stranded structure. However, itmust be made of elastic material which can be stretched and which when released will contract. Material found suitable for this" purpose includes nylon, polypropylene and polyethylene;
  • Thewi-res 6 may be made of materials other than steel" which do not meet the description of elastic asdefined: above; 7 g as. explained hereinafter. While the invention is partic1' 1'-- larly suited for strands such as described above and shown in the drawings in which all the wires are of around a center core. This construction also enables longer laystobe used and yet hold the strand intact;
  • a wire rope or cord utilizing the strands described above.
  • six strands 8 are twisted around a center core 10 with the strands 8 and 10 being constructed according to our invention and with the strands 8 and 10 being substantially of the same diameter.
  • the center core may be otherwise constructed, but it is necessary that the outer strands be constructed as described above.
  • Such cords are cheaper to manufacture and are more flexible than other cords of which we have knowledge.
  • a strand is produced in which the elastic core member has been first stretched and then contracted, either to its original length prior to stretching, or to a length intermediate its original length and its tensioned length as supplied to the first twisting operation. In the latter case the strand will have a pretensioned core.
  • a double twisted strand comprising a core member of stretchable elastic material of the class consisting of nylon, polypropylene .and polyethylene which is first elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and at least five individual wires stranded around said core member.
  • a double twisted strand comprising a core member
  • the core 4 may or may not be under tensionf 3 of stretchable elastic material of the class consisting of nylon, polypropylene and polyethylene which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and six individual metallic wires of essentially the same diameter as said core member stranded around said core member.
  • a cord comprising a center strand, and a plurality of double twisted strands surrounding said center strand, each of said last named strands including .a core member of stretched elastic material which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and at least five individual metallic wires stranded around said core member, said core member having a normal unstretched length less than the length of the associated strand.
  • a cord comprising a center strand, and six double twisted strands surrounding said center strand, each of said strands including a core member of stretched elastic material which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and six individual metallic wires of essentially the same diameter as said core member stranded around said core member, said core member having a normal unstretched length less than the length of the associated strand.
  • the method of making a strand having a core member of elastic material comprises twisting a plurality of metallic wires around said core member while the core member is in elongated condition, then further twisting the metallic wires around said core member to a shorter lay while permitting the core member to contract, and then subjecting the assembled strand to a false twisting operation.
  • a double twisted strand comprising a core member of stretched elastic material which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and a plurality of metallic wires stranded around said core member, said core member having a normal unstretched length less than the length of said strand.

Description

Jan. 29, 1963 J. M. FENNER EIAL 3,
DOUBLE TWISTED STRAND AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed June 24, 1960 IN VE/VTORS JAMES M. FE/VNER and WILLIAM A. GUREC/(l M Attorney United States Patent 3,075,344 DOUBLE TWISTED STRAND AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME James. M. Fenner, Lake Lucerne (Club), and William A.-
Gurecki, Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to United States Steel Corporation, a corporation of New Jersey Filed June 24, 1960, Ser. No. 38,468 7 Claims.v (Cl. 57-147) This invention relates to a double twisted strand and to a method of making the same and more particularly to a strand made" of metallic wires surrounding an elastic core. The double twist method of stranding is more economical than the, ordinary method of stranding because the stranding operation is faster and the equipment involved is less expensive. The equipment also takes up less. floor] space. However, one objectionable feature'in the doublejtwist method of stranding wire filaments is the impossibility of retaining a wire in the center of a strand to serve as a single continuous core member. Because of this the strand produced is not a symmetrical or balanced structure so that its fatigue resistance is not as good as that of a balanced strand. The reason why the same. wire cannot serve as a single continuous core member-:isthat the double twist stranding method is such that if a wire is retained in the center of the strand it will be longer than the strand produced so that kinks or loops will form in the center core. For example; if the double twist stranding method is used to produce a seven wire strand made up of .012" diameter wires with a 0.40" length of lay, the first twist will require a length of 12.0531 for each of the outer wires. At the completion of the first twist the lay of the strand will be 0.80". The second twist would theoretically require 12.2109" of length for each of the outer strand wires for every 12" of core wire length. However, the lengths of the outer wires and the core wire are determined by the first twist so that the additional length required of the outer wires by the second twist is not available. This results in a tighter twisting of the outer wires and shortening of the lay to 0.40". From the foregoing it is apparent that upon completion of the second twist the length of the core wire, as set by the first twist, will be excessive and must be gathered up or accounted for either as a kink or a loop at intervals in the strand length. The excess core wire length is equal to the difference between the theoretical length required for the outer wire after the second twist and the actual length of these wires after the first twist. In the example set forth, the excess core wire length would be equal to 0.1578" for every 12" of core wire length or the difference between 12.2109" (theoretical length required in the outer core wires after second twist) and 12.0531" (the actual length of the outer wires after the first twist). From the above. it is also seen that for every 12" of core length delivered to the double twist strander, it is necessary to deliver 12.2109 of outer wire length and that after double twisting the actual length of strand produced is equal to 11.8422" (the difference between 12" and the 0.1578" of excess core length),
It is therefore an object of our invention to provide a balanced double twisted strand having a continuous core member.
Another object is to provide a rope structure utilizing such strands.
A still further object is to provide a method of making such a strand.
These and other objects will be more apparent after referring to the following specification and attached drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal view of the strand of our invention;
3,075,344 C6 Patented Jan. 29, 1963 FIGURE 2 is a transverse sectional view of the strand of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal view of the cord or rope of our invention; and I I V FIGURE 4 is a transverse sectional view of the cord of FIGURE 3. p
Referring more particularly to the drawings reference numeral 2 indicates the strand of our invention. Asshown in FIGURE 2 the strand consists of a center core 4 and six steel wires 6 stranded around the center core: 4. The center core 4 may be a single filament or a stranded structure. However, itmust be made of elastic material which can be stretched and which when released will contract. Material found suitable for this" purpose includes nylon, polypropylene and polyethylene; Thewi-res 6 may be made of materials other than steel" which do not meet the description of elastic asdefined: above; 7 g as. explained hereinafter. While the invention is partic1' 1'-- larly suited for strands such as described above and shown in the drawings in which all the wires are of around a center core. This construction also enables longer laystobe used and yet hold the strand intact;
. According to our inventionwe also contemplate mak-* ing a wire rope or cord utilizing the strands described above. As shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, six strands 8 are twisted around a center core 10 with the strands 8 and 10 being constructed according to our invention and with the strands 8 and 10 being substantially of the same diameter. The center core may be otherwise constructed, but it is necessary that the outer strands be constructed as described above. Such cords are cheaper to manufacture and are more flexible than other cords of which we have knowledge.
Machines suitable for carrying out our invention are shown in Berggren Patent No. 2,331,648 dated October 12, 1943 and Winslow Patent No. 2,400,323 dated May 14, 1946. In making up the strand sufiicient tension is applied to the core 4 to stretch it at least an amount equal to the difference between the stretched length of core delivered to the strander and the length of strand produced. The core member is held in this elongated condition while the metallic wires are twisted therearound at a lay of, say for example, .80". The wires 6 are then further twisted so as to make the wire tighter and of shorter lay, say for example, .40". During this second twisting operation the tension is reduced so as to permit the core member to contract to the length of strand produced after the second twisting operation. The assembled strand is then subjected to a false twisting operation which may further reduce the length of the strand and with it the length of the core member. Thus it will be seen that a strand is produced in which the elastic core member has been first stretched and then contracted, either to its original length prior to stretching, or to a length intermediate its original length and its tensioned length as supplied to the first twisting operation. In the latter case the strand will have a pretensioned core.
While one embodiment of our invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent that other adaptations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.
We claim:
1. A double twisted strand comprising a core member of stretchable elastic material of the class consisting of nylon, polypropylene .and polyethylene which is first elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and at least five individual wires stranded around said core member.
2. A double twisted strand comprising a core member The core 4 may or may not be under tensionf 3 of stretchable elastic material of the class consisting of nylon, polypropylene and polyethylene which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and six individual metallic wires of essentially the same diameter as said core member stranded around said core member.
3. A cord comprising a center strand, and a plurality of double twisted strands surrounding said center strand, each of said last named strands including .a core member of stretched elastic material which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and at least five individual metallic wires stranded around said core member, said core member having a normal unstretched length less than the length of the associated strand.
4. A cord comprising a center strand, and six double twisted strands surrounding said center strand, each of said strands including a core member of stretched elastic material which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and six individual metallic wires of essentially the same diameter as said core member stranded around said core member, said core member having a normal unstretched length less than the length of the associated strand.
5. The method of making a strand having a core member of elastic material, and .at least five metallic wires surrounding said core member, which method comprises twisting the metallic wires around said core member while the core member is in elongated condition, and then further twisting the metallic wires around said core 4 member to a shorter lay while permitting the core member to contract.
6. The method of making a strand having a core member of elastic material, which method comprises twisting a plurality of metallic wires around said core member while the core member is in elongated condition, then further twisting the metallic wires around said core member to a shorter lay while permitting the core member to contract, and then subjecting the assembled strand to a false twisting operation.
7. A double twisted strand comprising a core member of stretched elastic material which is elongated and then contracted during formation of the strand, and a plurality of metallic wires stranded around said core member, said core member having a normal unstretched length less than the length of said strand.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 761,129 Ashworth May 31, 1904 1,531,862 Larned Mar. 31, 1925 1,759,410 Marston May 20, 1930 2,480,005 Ewell Aug. 23, 1949 2,792,868 Benson May 21, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 813,519 Germany Sept. 13, 1951 518,860 Italy Mar. 9, 1955

Claims (1)

1. A DOUBLE TWISTED STRAND COMPRISING A CORE MEMBER OF STRETCHABLE ELASTIC MATERIAL OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF NYLON, POLYPROPYLENE AND POLYETHYLENE WHICH IS FIRST ELNGATED AND THEN CONTRACTED DURING FORMATION OF THE STRAND, AND AT LEAST FIVE INDIVIDUAL WIRES STRANDED AROUND SAID CORE MEMBER.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS469565Y1 (en) * 1967-04-03 1971-04-05
US3600884A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-08-24 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles
US3977174A (en) * 1974-02-12 1976-08-31 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin, Raison Sociale Michelin & Cie Cable for reinforcing objects formed of elastic or easily deformable materials
US4832101A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-05-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
US4893665A (en) * 1988-02-17 1990-01-16 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Cables for reinforcing deformable articles and articles reinforced by said cables
EP0633350A1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-11 Trefileurope France Hoisting cable
US6563054B1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2003-05-13 Trefileurope Composite cable with a synthetic core for lifting or traction
US6658836B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2003-12-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Hybrid cord
US6674011B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2004-01-06 Hitachi Cable Ltd. Stranded conductor to be used for movable member and cable using same
WO2008150856A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-11 Trinity Industries, Inc. Cable for use in safety barrier
EP2940206A2 (en) 2014-04-29 2015-11-04 Teufelberger Seil Gesellschaft m.b.H. Hybrid cord

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US761129A (en) * 1903-09-28 1904-05-31 John Ashworth Method of covering elastic bands.
US1531862A (en) * 1922-01-30 1925-03-31 Dayton Steel Racquet Company Metal stringing for tennis rackets
US1759410A (en) * 1925-08-03 1930-05-20 Harold B Marston Pneumatic tire
US2480005A (en) * 1945-12-19 1949-08-23 Don P Gavan Wire rope
DE813519C (en) * 1949-10-26 1951-09-13 Jos Schwaiger S Wwe rope
US2792868A (en) * 1951-11-21 1957-05-21 Us Rubber Co Reinforced rubber article

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US761129A (en) * 1903-09-28 1904-05-31 John Ashworth Method of covering elastic bands.
US1531862A (en) * 1922-01-30 1925-03-31 Dayton Steel Racquet Company Metal stringing for tennis rackets
US1759410A (en) * 1925-08-03 1930-05-20 Harold B Marston Pneumatic tire
US2480005A (en) * 1945-12-19 1949-08-23 Don P Gavan Wire rope
DE813519C (en) * 1949-10-26 1951-09-13 Jos Schwaiger S Wwe rope
US2792868A (en) * 1951-11-21 1957-05-21 Us Rubber Co Reinforced rubber article

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS469565Y1 (en) * 1967-04-03 1971-04-05
US3600884A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-08-24 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles
US3977174A (en) * 1974-02-12 1976-08-31 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin, Raison Sociale Michelin & Cie Cable for reinforcing objects formed of elastic or easily deformable materials
US4832101A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-05-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
US4893665A (en) * 1988-02-17 1990-01-16 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Cables for reinforcing deformable articles and articles reinforced by said cables
EP0633350A1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-11 Trefileurope France Hoisting cable
FR2707309A1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-13 Trefileurope France Sa Lifting cable.
US5651245A (en) * 1993-07-09 1997-07-29 Trefileurope France Lifting cable having metallic central core and hybrid outer strands
US6563054B1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2003-05-13 Trefileurope Composite cable with a synthetic core for lifting or traction
US6658836B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2003-12-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Hybrid cord
US6674011B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2004-01-06 Hitachi Cable Ltd. Stranded conductor to be used for movable member and cable using same
WO2008150856A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-11 Trinity Industries, Inc. Cable for use in safety barrier
EP2940206A2 (en) 2014-04-29 2015-11-04 Teufelberger Seil Gesellschaft m.b.H. Hybrid cord
AT14494U1 (en) * 2014-04-29 2015-12-15 Teufelberger Seil Ges M B H A hybrid cable

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