US3074652A - Fuel injection system - Google Patents

Fuel injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3074652A
US3074652A US110505A US11050561A US3074652A US 3074652 A US3074652 A US 3074652A US 110505 A US110505 A US 110505A US 11050561 A US11050561 A US 11050561A US 3074652 A US3074652 A US 3074652A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
needle
nozzle
fuel
tube
fuel injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US110505A
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English (en)
Inventor
James F Armstrong
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ACF Industries Inc
Original Assignee
ACF Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US796605A external-priority patent/US2985160A/en
Priority to GB4827/60A priority Critical patent/GB938429A/en
Priority to GB9951/62A priority patent/GB938430A/en
Priority to DEA34094A priority patent/DE1197686B/de
Application filed by ACF Industries Inc filed Critical ACF Industries Inc
Priority to US110505A priority patent/US3074652A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3074652A publication Critical patent/US3074652A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/44—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for supplying extra fuel to the engine on sudden air throttle opening, e.g. at acceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/048—Injectors peculiar thereto having variable fuel outlets, e.g. controlled by a valve actuated by operator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/16—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors
    • F02M69/26—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors the means varying fuel pressure in a fuel by-pass passage, the pressure acting on a throttle valve against the action of metered or throttled fuel pressure for variably throttling fuel flow to injection nozzles, e.g. to keep constant the pressure differential at the metering valve

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to continuous flow systems of this class adapted for port injection, in which the fuel is pressurized, measured under pressure in accordance with engine requirements, and distributed under pressure to points adjacent the intake valves of the several cylinders or combustion chambers of the engine.
  • An object of the invention is the provision of an improved fuel injection nozzle construction, adapted for tightly sealing against leakage of fuel when closed, having a long life, and adapted to prevent the formation of droplets at a low rate of fuel flow (as when the engine is idling), and which is economical to manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of an engine intake manifold, showing an arrangement of fuel injection nozzles.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical section of a nozzle in accordance with the invention and taken on line 33 of FIG. 1;
  • PEG. 4 is a greatly enlarged fragment of FIG. 3.
  • each nozzle cluster comprises a body 131 (FIG. 3) formed to provide two shallow circular recesses 133 located side-by-side. Only one of these recesses appears in FIG. 3.
  • a diaphragm 135 is clamped on the body by a head 137. This head is similarly formed to provide two shallow circular recesses 139 located side-by-side, which mate with recesses 133. Again, only one of these recesses 139 appears in FIG. 3.
  • recess 133 constitutes a charging fuel chamber and recess 139 constitutes a datum pressure chamber.
  • the head 137 has an internally recessed rib 141 extending lengthwise thereof. This provides a passage 143 connecting the two datum pressure chambers of the cluster. Fuel connections may be made between the ends of these ribs to provide for the interconnection of the datum pressure chambers of all the nozzles N in the system.
  • FIG. 1 shows interconnections at 145 between the forward and rearward clusters of each bank of four cylinders of the engine.
  • the body 131 and head 137 are formed with bolt holes 147 for the reception of bolts for attaching them to the manifold M.
  • the base 131 of the cluster has an outwardly (downwardly) projecting tubular boss 14-9 coaxial with the recesses or chambers 133, 139.
  • the hole through this boss is enlarged at its inner end providing a recess 151 and an inwardly facing annular shoulder 153.
  • Each nozzle N comprises a nozzle tube 155 threaded in the hole in the boss and projecting out (downward) from the boss.
  • the nozzle tube has a head 157 at its inner (upper) end received in the recess 151 and seating against shoulder 153 for sealing purposes.
  • Fixed in the outer (lower) end of the nozzle tube is a combination nozzle tip and valve seat member 159.
  • This comprises a short tube having an annular external flange 161 which is press fitted into the inturned flange 163 at the outer (lower) end of the nozzle tube 155.
  • the outer end of tip 159 is cut 011 at an angle as indicated at 165.
  • the inner end portion of the tip 159 extends inward from flange 161 and provides a needle seat 167.
  • Each nozzle N includes the needle 27 having its inner (upper) end attached to the diaphragm 135, the needle extending slidably in the nozzle tube 155.
  • the diameter of the needle is less than the internal diameter of the nozzle tube, to provide an annular space around the needle for flow of fuel through the tube to tip 159, and the needle is held centered in the tube by upper and lower radial projections 169 on the needle which slide on the internal surface of the nozzle tube.
  • the needle At its outer (lower) end, the needle has an enlarged portion 171. This portion has a conically concave face 173 at its outer end. It also has an axial passage 175 leading inward from the face and a passage 177 extending radially outward from the upper end of passage 175. Seated against face 173 is a piece of wire mesh 179, and seated against the wire mesh is a disk 181 of fuel-resistant rubber or the like.
  • the wire mesh 179 and rubber disk 181 are held against the face 173 by a cap 183 press fitted on the needle enlargement 171.
  • the cap has an opening 185 for receiving the inner end portion 167 of nozzle tip 159.
  • the cap terminates short of the radial passage 177, this passage and passage 175 being provided to vent air from under the disk 181 in the assembly of the wire mesh, disk and cap on the needle enlargement 171.
  • the rubber disk 181 is initially a flat disk held in a bowed condition under compression against the face 173 by the cap 183, which places the lower working surface under compression to constitute a resilient tip for the needle engageable with the inner end 167 of the nozzle tip (which constitutes a seat for the needle) to provide a tight seal to prevent leakage when the needle is closed.
  • the rubber face of the valve being compressed, resists the shearing forces of seat engagement.
  • the screen is used to provide for some slight swelling of the rubber composition between the interstices thereof.
  • the needle 27 is biased downward by a spring 187 toward its closed position wherein the rubber disk 181 at the lower end of the needle engages the needle seat 167.
  • a passage 189 through the base and the head communicating with the lower recess or chamber 133.
  • the needle 27 is subject to the downward force of spring 187 and datum pressure in recess or chamber 139 tending to drive it downward and close it, and an upward force due to charging fuel pressure in the lower recess or chamber 133 tending to drive it upward and open it.
  • diaphragm 135 is moved upward to unseat the needle 27 from needle seat 167 for flow of fuel from chamber 133 out of the nozzle.
  • diaphragm 135 flexes downward to move the needle 27 closer to its seat 167, thereby to increase the back pressure in the nozzle charging fuel chamber 133, and vice versa.
  • a nozzle for a fuel injection system comprising a housing, a diaphragm within said housing and forming therewith opposed expansible chambers, a tube having one end attached to said housing and extending from one of said chambers, a needle valve slidably mounted within said tube and attached at one end to said diaphragm, a nozzle tip at the other end of said tube having a tubular portion extending inwardly within said tube and forming avalve seat, a resilient member fixed t0 the other end of said needle valve adjacent to said valve seat, said resilient member being formed with a concave surface facing said valve seat, means fixed to said needle valve and retaining said resilient member with said concave surface under compression, said other needle valve end formed with a concave face, said retaining means holding said resilient member against said concave face, and a wire mesh between said resilient member and said concave face, said other needle valve end formed with an air vent passage extending from said concave 5 face into said tube.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US110505A 1959-03-02 1961-05-16 Fuel injection system Expired - Lifetime US3074652A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4827/60A GB938429A (en) 1959-03-02 1960-02-11 Fuel injection system
GB9951/62A GB938430A (en) 1959-03-02 1960-02-11 Fuel injection system
DEA34094A DE1197686B (de) 1959-03-02 1960-02-29 Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
US110505A US3074652A (en) 1959-03-02 1961-05-16 Fuel injection system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US796605A US2985160A (en) 1959-03-02 1959-03-02 Fuel injection system
US110505A US3074652A (en) 1959-03-02 1961-05-16 Fuel injection system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3074652A true US3074652A (en) 1963-01-22

Family

ID=26808084

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US110505A Expired - Lifetime US3074652A (en) 1959-03-02 1961-05-16 Fuel injection system

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3074652A (de)
DE (1) DE1197686B (de)
GB (2) GB938429A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326191A (en) * 1964-07-06 1967-06-20 Hailwood & Ackroyd Ltd Fuel injector and method of making same

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3519407A (en) * 1966-06-27 1970-07-07 Fuel Injection Eng Co Fuel injection nozzle
FR2073074A5 (de) * 1969-12-09 1971-09-24 Nissan Motor
DE2403276C3 (de) * 1974-01-24 1981-03-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage
JPS51105527A (en) * 1975-03-14 1976-09-18 Nippon Soken Nainenkikanno kyunyukukiryokenshutsusochi
JPS523925A (en) * 1975-06-25 1977-01-12 Nippon Soken Inc Fuel control device for internal combustion engine
DE2823274A1 (de) * 1978-05-27 1979-11-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffversorgungsanlage

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2255203A (en) * 1940-02-28 1941-09-09 Wright Aeronautical Corp Fuel injection spark plug
US2857203A (en) * 1956-12-27 1958-10-21 Acf Ind Inc Injection fuel nozzle
US2904264A (en) * 1957-04-29 1959-09-15 Acf Ind Inc Fuel injection nozzle
US2957631A (en) * 1957-03-14 1960-10-25 Acf Ind Inc Nozzle for fuel injector system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2846994A (en) * 1957-03-14 1958-08-12 Acf Ind Inc Fuel injection system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2255203A (en) * 1940-02-28 1941-09-09 Wright Aeronautical Corp Fuel injection spark plug
US2857203A (en) * 1956-12-27 1958-10-21 Acf Ind Inc Injection fuel nozzle
US2957631A (en) * 1957-03-14 1960-10-25 Acf Ind Inc Nozzle for fuel injector system
US2904264A (en) * 1957-04-29 1959-09-15 Acf Ind Inc Fuel injection nozzle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326191A (en) * 1964-07-06 1967-06-20 Hailwood & Ackroyd Ltd Fuel injector and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB938430A (en) 1963-10-02
DE1197686B (de) 1965-07-29
GB938429A (en) 1963-10-02

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