US3073150A - Viscometer - Google Patents

Viscometer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3073150A
US3073150A US856962A US85696259A US3073150A US 3073150 A US3073150 A US 3073150A US 856962 A US856962 A US 856962A US 85696259 A US85696259 A US 85696259A US 3073150 A US3073150 A US 3073150A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
viscosity
container
pressure
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US856962A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James D Fann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon Corp
Original Assignee
Great Lakes Carbon Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL258633D priority Critical patent/NL258633A/xx
Application filed by Great Lakes Carbon Corp filed Critical Great Lakes Carbon Corp
Priority to US856962A priority patent/US3073150A/en
Priority to GB40923/60A priority patent/GB903884A/en
Priority to FR845812A priority patent/FR1280150A/fr
Priority to CH1352560A priority patent/CH411399A/de
Priority to BE597739A priority patent/BE597739A/fr
Priority to AT902460A priority patent/AT244643B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3073150A publication Critical patent/US3073150A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/12—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring rising or falling speed of the body; by measuring penetration of wedged gauges

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for measuring the consistency or viscosity of fluids.
  • this invention relates to a device for measuring the consistency or viscosity characteristics of fluids at, diflerent pressures and temperatures, and is particularly adaptable to measuring the changes in consistencies or viscosities of fluids which undergo a chemical reaction or physical change depending upon the pressure and temperature of the fluid, or on changes in the pressure and temperature, or on the length of time that the fluid is subjected to different or varying pressures and/or temperatures.
  • While the present invention is not so limited, it is particularly well adapted to measuring the viscosity characteristics of fluid materials commonly used in the oil and gas industry.
  • fluid compositions are subjected to elevated pressures and temperatures which occasionaly cause rapid increases in the viscosity of such fluid compositions which are pumped into the Well bores.
  • friable materials such as lightweight aggregates which are often used for lowering the weight of cement slurry and/ or for sealing or bridging ofl certain areas in the subterranean formation are incorporated into the cement slurry, these internal mixing devices tend to degrade or abrade such materials and'this will affect the viscosity and setting time of the cement slurry. Therefore, conventional laboratory devices currently in use cannot give a truly accurate prediction ofthe viscosity changes, and thetimes required for same for cement-aggregate slurries under actual well conditions.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is also adaptable for general studies of changes in viscosity of, oil well drilling fluids under varying conditions of pressure and temperature. It is also useful in the testing of fluid compositions which are not necessarily connected with the drilling and completion of oil and gas wells.
  • the apparatus of .the present invention .is adaptable to measuring the viscosities of such materials as lubricants,
  • FIGURE 1 shows a perspective view of the fluid receiving vessel and associated elements employed in the present invention with most of the features shown in cross-section, and certain other features being represented schematically or diagrammatically.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a partial viewv of the device shown in FIGURE 1', but modified by the omission of the lower coil and therefore showing an alternative but generally less preferable device for carrying out the teachings of this invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the lines 3-3 of FIGURE 1 showing the pressure supply. means and associated features in greater detail than is shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIG. 4 and 4A show a schematic diagram of the electrical circuits and various associated mechanical elements which complement the fluid receiving vessel of the present invention.
  • FIGURES. shows a block diagram of the electrical circuitsand various associated mechanical elements shown in FIGURES 4 and 4A. 4 1
  • the invention comprises a substantially non-magnetic container for the fluid to be tested, an electromagnetic winding surrounding a defined area or portion of the cavity or well of said container for establishing a magnetic field in said portion of said container, meanshaving an appreciable viscous. drag and being respon sive. to said magnetic field positioned within said container and freely movable in the fluid, means for intermittently and regularly energizing said windingwhereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused to move into the resultant magnetic field, surfaces at both the top and bottom of. said defined area of said container which generate and transmit sound waves when struck by said movable means, and means responsive to the generated sound waves from which the consistency or viscosity of the fluid in said container may be determined. at any given time, or from which the time required for the consis t ency or.viscosityof the fluid to change from one value to another predetermined value may be obtained.
  • the invention comprises a substantially non-magnetic cylindrical container for the fluid to be tested, electromagnetic windings surrounding upper and lower portions'of acavit y orwell in said container for establishing magnetic fields in said portions of said c'ontainer, means having an appreciable viscous drag and being responsive to said fields positioned within-said co'ntai'nerfand'freelymovable'in .thezfluid, means for inttermittently and. regularly electrically energizing said windings .whereby'. said electromagnetically responsive movablemeans is caused to move into the.
  • a pressure cell or container 1 which is constructed .of a non-magnetic material capable of withstanding high pressures and also capable of conducting sound and heat. Stainless steel, brass and Monel metal are typical satisfactory materials.
  • the container is provided witha fluid-tight, sound-conductive pressurewithstanding plug or closure 2.. This plug or closure 2 is threaded into the top inner threaded, tapered part 3 of the container. The center of the plug or closure 2 is hollow and cylindrical in shape.
  • a pressure inlet stem 7 e 4 made of a magnetic material extends through this hol low center of the plug.
  • the bottom 5 of the pressure inlet stem 4 is flanged.
  • a sealing gasket 6 which may be made from a resilient and temperature-resistant material such as Teflon. Teflon is a registered trademarkof the E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company for a plastic material consisting of a tetrafluorethylene polymer.
  • a pressure seal nut 7 is threaded around a threaded portion of the pressure inlet stem 4 until the upward motion of the flange 5 of the inlet stem causesthe sealing gasket 6 to form an initial pressure seal. Any further pressure exerted on the contents of the container or pressure cell then assists in keeping the cell pressure tight for itsimply exerts more force on the flange against the gasket.
  • thermowell 1 0 in which is-placed wires 10A of an electric thermometer for measuring the temperature of the fluid placed within said central cavity 9.
  • the thermowell extends about halfway down into this main cavity or well of the container.
  • an electromagnetically responsive iron plunger or bob 11 which is cylindrical in shape, but hollow at its center.
  • the top 12 of this iron plunger or bob is preferably made from a non-magnetic material such as brass.
  • the iron plunger 11 during the operation of the device is caused to strike the top surface 13 of the main cavity of the container (which is also the bottom of the flange 5 of the pressure inlet stem 4) as well as the bottom surface 14. Both of these surfaces, being metallic, readily generate and transmit sound waves when struck by the bob.
  • valve body 15 performs several functions. It serves as a coupling means between an external pressure line 16 and the pressure inlet stem 4.
  • the pressure in this external pressure line which line has its input or is coupled to the valve body 15 by means of threaded bolt '16A and nut 163, may be varied by a conventional hand pump (not shown) acting on a fluid such as oil.
  • a conventional pressure gauge (not shown) is also in the line to show'the pressure at any given moment.
  • a bronze thrust washer 8 is Mechanically coupled to the valve body 15 by means of a thumb-screw clamp 22 is a pick-up transducer 23 which is a moving coil in a permanent magnet magnetic field tuned to approximately 70 cycles per second.
  • Handle 24 may be turned to force the conical end of valve member 24B to seat into the opening of 24C in order to make the cell pressure tight before removing the external pressure line. This enables rapid cooling ofthe cell if desired such as by immersion in water.
  • the pressure cell having the features and attachments as thusfar described is designed for ready insertion in an external chamber or housing possessing several features.
  • a shell or a can 25 immediately surrounds the side walls of the pressure cell.
  • a means 26 for heating or cooling the contents of the pressure cell Typically it may be a resistance wire heater.
  • the shell or can 25 may typically be made from a non-magnetic material such as aluminum and serves to support the heating or cooling means and to plates 29 are at the top and bottom of each of these elec- I tromagnets.
  • the cell 1 rests on a flanged soft iron base 30.
  • Soft iron support member 31 extends upwardly from foregoing elements.
  • a specifically designed pressure cell has a main central cavity 1 /2 in diameter and '5" high.
  • a soft iron bob 11, weighing about 500 grams, displacing 72 cc. of fluid and having an outside diameter of 1%" and /2" diameter central bore is placed in the cavity after about 76 'cc. of the fluid to be tested, such as cement, has been placed therein. This causes the fluid being tested to rise to a height well above the top of the main cavity of the cell and insures that none of the :pressure'fluid will getinto'the' main cavity. After all the closures and othermechani-j cal elements shown in FIGURES 1 and.
  • a liquid, such as oil, substantially immiscible with the fluid being tested is then pumped into the system through the pressure input means 16 and the cell brought to the initially desired pressure and temperature such as, for example 1750 p.s.i. and 80 F. required to start the test of the cement slurry.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 the cement slurry is marked X and the oil Z.
  • the energizing of theftop 27 and bottom 28 electromagnets or coils sets up electromagnetic fields through the soft iron portions of the assemblage, including soft iron plates-29', the bob 11 and the flange 5 for the upper winding; and soft iron plates 29, the bob 11.
  • iron base 30 and support member 31 for the lower winding The brass top 12 of the bobll prevents the bob from sticking to the top surface of the cavity.
  • in-conjunction with the system shown in FIGURE 1 means are provided for energizing either the top or bottom coil, or both, thirty times per minute with the top coil being energized for just under 1 second each'cycle and the bottom coil being energized for 1 second each cycle.
  • the top and bottom coils possess approximately 5000 ampere turns. With this arrangement the top coil exerts approximately 1 gravitational pull of force less on the bob than does the bottom coil which is assisted by gravity.
  • g I g The relatively blunt end shape of the bob as distinguished from other possible shapes such as one with pointed ends, etc. is important to insure thorough circulation of the cement in the cavity as the bob goes up and down, and to therefore prevent spot hardening of the cement leading to erroneous results.
  • the top surface 13 and the bottomsurface 14 of the cavity 9 of the container are sound-responsive in nature, that is, they generate and transmit sound whenever they are struck by the top or bottom, respectively, of iron plunger 11.
  • the sound waves so emanating from said surfaces are picked up by the transducer 23. Sounds will be generated only'when iron plunger 11 is in motion and strikes either of the aforementioned surfaces.
  • This motion placed in the container may be or become so great that the iron plunger cannot reach a particular striking surface of the cavity during a given time limit in the cycle.
  • This failure to reach astriking surface may be made a function of a measured calibrated viscosity, so that when such failure occurs-the operator then knows that the fluid has reached a predetermined viscosity level.
  • the transducer 23 converts the mechanical sounds made by the bob 11 striking the upper and lower surfaces 13 and 14 into electrical signals.
  • the transformer 33 serves as an impedance matching device between the transducer 23 and the input of the amplifier circuit. The primary of this transformer is balanced and the center-tap grounded to reduce electrostatic and electromagnetic pickup in the transducer and connecting cable.
  • the transistors 34 and 35 together with their associated components, form a conventional two stageclass A amplifier. Resistors 36 and 37'are. for'bias stabilization and resistors 38 and 39 are load resistors forthe transistors. Blocking capacitors 40 and 41 are smallenough to attenuate signals lower than the design; frequency center. I Voltage regulator diode 42 and resistor 43 serve to maintain a constant supply voltage. for the two amplifier stages. They also decouple thearnplifier stages from other circuitry.
  • relay coil 72 as the diode 76 has veryhigh back resistance, and variable resistor 74 has no effect on the time constant of capacitor 75 and resistor '79.
  • relay coil 84 will not become energized; or if relay coil 84 has previ ously been energized and no subsequent pulses appear at unction 56during the time that relay coil 72 is energized, relay'coil 84 will de -energize when the charge across capacitorfil has decreased to a point toolow to maintin suificient current flow through transistor 32.
  • Voltage regulator diode 85 and resistor 86 maintain constant supply voltage so that peak charges on capacitor 68, 75 and 31 will be constant.
  • Capacitor 87 is very large to supply charging currents;
  • Relay 78 will be energized so lo'ngas any pulses appear at junction 56.
  • Relay$4 will be energized only if pulses ducer 23.
  • rectifier 116 comprise a half-wave rectifier to furnish power to the transistor circuits.
  • Bottom coil 28' is energized through relay contacts 113 and 119.
  • the lighting of neon lamp 120 indicates when the bottom coil is connected in the timing circuit.
  • Timer motor 121 is a 60 cycle 30 rpm. motor which drives a cam 122 directly.
  • Cam 122 in turn moves thecenter arm of microswitch123.
  • Microswitch 123 alternates power once every second to the top coil 27 and to the bottom coil 28 if the bottom coil is in the circuit through relay contacts 118 and 119.
  • Capacitors 124 and 125 are filter capacitors for the top and bottom coils respectively.
  • Capacitor 132, resistor 133 and bridge 1341 make up a bridge rectifier circuit to furnish power to the top and bottom coils.
  • Heating elements 26 and a fan 131 are provided in order to heat or cool the pressure cell, these being in the same insulated container as the cell.
  • Switch 135 which is placed on the face of the insulated chamber is employed to turn the fan 131 on or oil as needed in order to keep the temperature of the vessel as near ason' schedule as possible.
  • Switch 136 likewise on the face of the insulated cham- Fuse 139 is provided for the top and bottomcoil power supply circuits.
  • Fuse 140, switch 141 and neon lamp indicator 142 are provided for the amplifier circuit.
  • Resistor 143 is an impedance matching resistor for trans- Operation "123. During the other half of the cycle the microswitch 123 is in position to energize the bottom coil 28, but the coil is disconnected through relay 107. Therefore, once every two seconds the bob ll-is lifted and strikes the top 13' of the test chamber. This mechanical sound is picked up by the transducer 23 and an electrical pulse appears at junction 56 as described before. This pulse energizes relays 72 and 78.
  • Relay 72 stays energized for a period of less-than 2 seconds (approximately 1.85 seconds). One second after the top coil is energized, it is de-energized and the hub falls to the bottom. The pulse from this sound then appears at. junction 56. However,
  • relay 78 is still energized and the pulse ,travels on to energizerelay 84'.
  • Relays 78 and 84 will stay closed for a period of about 15 to 20 seconds with one pulse to each circuit.
  • the bob is being picked upand dropped one-second period during which the top coil is de-ener gized, the above condition will continue.
  • no pulse will appear at junction 56 when relay 72 is energized and the charge on holding capacitor 81 will start decreasing.
  • relay 84 After about 15-20 seconds wherein the bob fails to strike the lower surface, relay 84 will de-energize, discharging capacitor 104 through the marker solenoid 162 (which perforates the time chart 103) and energizing relay 107. (In the system being described, this occurs when the cement being tested has reached a viscos ity of about 26 poises.) Relay contacts 119 and 110 then put the bottom coil in the timing circuit. The bob will now be pulled to both top and bottom as the coils are alternately energized. Relay 84 will'again become energized as there is a pulse present at junction 56 during the time relay 72 is energized. Relay 107 will stay be no signal to operate relay 72.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a block diagram of the circuit shown in FIGURES 4 and 4A and is set forth by way of explanation of the functions of the electrical components of the system.
  • Descripti n of Block Diagram 'The 60-cycle'30 r.-p.m. motor 121 drives the cam 122 directly.
  • the cam moves the center arm of the microswitch, 123 to its alternate positions once per second.
  • the top coil 27 is energized'once every two seconds for a period of one second by the bridge rectifier 13 This lifts thebob through the slurry sample until it strikes the top of the sample container creating a mechanical signal which is picked up by the transducer 23.
  • the cam 122 moves thecenter arm of the microswitch 123 to the opposite position, energizing the bottom coil only if the bottom coillatching relay 107 is energized or the by-pass switch 107A for bot-tom coil 28 is closed, (The by -pass switch'107A is used only when testing slurry samples having an initial consistency too thick to allow the, bob 11 toreach the bottom of the 'container'in a free fall during the onesecond period whenithe top coil 27 is deenergized.)
  • the fan 131, heaters 26 and heater control 138v are I used as needed to maintain a desired temperature of the slurry sample or to change temperature at a predetermined rate.
  • the gating circuit and relay 72 has av time delay which prevents this relay from 'operating'until after the pulse at point A has disappeared. It then energizes, moving the armature contact B to contact D thus connecting point A with point I of the bottom coil and marker solenoid energizing circuit.
  • This relay which is relay 72 of FIG- URE 4 will. stay energized for about 1 /2 seconds allowing sufiicienttimeforthe bob 11 to be released by the top coil 27 'and fall tothe bottom of the container.
  • the square wave created by the sound of the bob 11 striking the bottom now appears at point I of the bottom coil and marker solenoid energizing circuit. This is a holding circuit which prevents the bottom coil-latching relay 107 from operating. If no pulses appear at point I for about seconds, the bottom coil latching relay will energize, connecting the bottom coil 28 to the microswitch'123, and
  • a capacitor (95 of FIGURE 4A) Will be discharged through solenoid 102 punching a hole in'the time chart.
  • a complete testing program consists of the following:
  • the cam 122 operates the microswitch 123, energizing the top coil 27.
  • the bob 11 will be lifted through the slurry sample and at some time betweentime zero and time 1 second (dependent upon the thickness of thesample) the bob'will strike the top of the container and a square-wave will appear at point A. This will cause the chart motor 83 to start running and also initiate the action of the gating circuit relay 72. After the square-wave has disappeared, the gating circuit relay will energize, shifting the armature contact B to contactD.
  • An apparatususeful for measuring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under diiferent pressure and temperature conditions comprising in combination a substantially non-magnetic container for the fluid, electromagnetic windings surrounding upper and lower portions ofa cavity in said container for establishing magnetic fields in said portions of said, container, means having an appreciable viscous drag and being responsive to said fields poistioned within said cavity and freely movable in the fluid, means for intermittentlyand regularly electrically energizing each of said windings whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused to move into the resultant magnetic fields, surfaces at both the top and bottom of the cavity of said container which generate and transmit sound waves when struck by said movable means, means for converting said sound waves into electrical signals, means for amplifying said electrical signals, electronic means activated by said electrical signals or by the absence thereof and operatively connected to the amplifying means, for sensing variations in the viscosity of the fluid, by said presence or absence of electrical signals, as the viscosity changes from
  • An apparatus useful for measuring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under differcut pressure and. temperature conditions comprising in combination a substantially non-magnetic container for the fluid, electromagnetic windings surrounding upper and lowerportions of a cavity in said container for establishing magnetic fields in said portions of said container,
  • means for intermittently and regularly electrically energizing each of said windings admin means is caused to move into the resultant magnetic fields, surfaces at both the top and bottom of saidcavity which generate and transmit sound waves when struck by said movable means, means for converting said sound waves into electrical signals, means for amplifying.
  • said electrical signals means for intermittently energizing only the upper electromagnetic winding when the viscosity of the fluid is low, means for intermittently energizing both the upper and lower windings when the viscosity becomes.
  • An apparatus useful for measuring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid Whose viscosity changes under different pressure and temperature conditions comprising in combination a substantially non-magnetic container for the fluid,.electromagnetic winding means for establishing a'magnetic field in an upper portion of a cavity in said container, means having an appreciable viscous drag and being responsive to said field positioned within said cavity and freely movable in the fluid, means for intermittently and regularly electrically energizing saidwinding whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused during the time said winding is energized to move into the resultant magnetic field and against a surface in the top portion of said cavity which generates and transmits sound waves when struck by said movable means, a bottom surface in said cavity which also generates and transmits sound waves when struck by said movable means, means for converting said sound waves into electrical signals, means for amplifyingsaid electrical signals, electronic means operatively connected to the amplifying means and activated by the amplified electrical
  • a process for measuring'the viscosity characteristics of a fluidwhose viscosity changes under different pressure and temperature conditions which comprises: (1)' filling the cavity of asubstantially non-magnetic container with the fluid, which cavity is surrounded at its upper: portion with an electromagnetic winding and which cavity has disposed therein and freely movable in the fluid means having an appreciable viscous drag and which is resp'on sive to said electromagnetic field, and which cavity also possesses surfaces at its top" and bottom which generate and transmit sound waves when struck by said movable means; (2)'interr r1ittently and regularly electrically energiz'ing said winding whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused to move upwardly into a the resultant upper magnetic field through the fluid toward energizinglthe" upper winding when the viscosity of the the upper surface of said cavity when said winding is energized and, by gravity'when said upper winding is deenergized to'move' downwardly through the fluid toward the lower surface of said container
  • a process for measuring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under different pres sure and temperature conditions which comprises: 1) filling the cavity of a substantially non-magnetic container with the fluid, which cavity is surrounded at its upper and lower portions with electromagnetic windings and which cavity has disposed'therein and freely movable in the fluid means having an appreciable viscous drag and which is responsive to said electromagnetic fields, and which cavity also possesses surfaces at itstop and bottom which gen erate and transmit sound waves when struck by said movable means ⁇ (2)iintermittently'and regularly electrically fluidis low whereby said electro'magnetically responsive movable means is caused to nrove upwardly into the resultant uppermagnetic field through the fluid toward the upper surface of said cavity when said windingis' energized and', b y gravity, when said upper winding is deenergized, to move downwardly through the fluid toward the lower surface of said containers; (3) additionally intermittently 7 and regularly electrically energizing the lower winding whenth'e
  • An apparatus useful for measuring viscosity charracteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under different pressure and-temperature conditions comprising in combination: (1) a substantially non-magnetic vpressure cell for the fluid, internally threaded near its top; (2) electromagnetic windin'g ineans for establishing a magflanged at its base and externally threaded at its upper portion, also possessing a hollow cylindrical bore and" adapted for close proximate insertion through the hollow cylindrical bore of said closure (7) a resilient sealing gasket surroundingsaid inlet stem and situated between the flange of said stem and the base of said closure 5;
  • a closure possessing a hollow cylindrical bore adapted to be threaded into said cell; (6) a cylindrical inlet stem flanged at its base and externally threaded atits upper portion, also possessing ahollow cylindrical bore and adapted for, close proximate insertion through the hollow cylindrical bore ofsaid closure 5; (7) a resillent sealing gasket surrounding said inlet -stein and situated between the flange of said stem and the base of said closure 5; .(8) a pressure seal nut adapted to be threaded about said inlet stern and to cause the flange of said stern to'pressure the sealing gasket against the bottom of said elesure'; (9) a valve body threaded onto the top of said inlet stem and forming a pressure-tight seal therewith; (10) pressure input means in said valve body communicating with the hollow cylindrical bore of said inlet stem;
  • thermowell packing bolt threaded into said valve body forming a pressure-tight seal therewith and having a hollow cylindrical bore therein; (12) a thermowell projecting through said packing bolt, said valve body and said inlet stem into'said pressure cell; (13) means, opera- 'tively connected to the movement of the viscous drag means caused by the electromagnetic winding, for sensing variations in the viscosity of the fluid as it changes from one value'toother values; and (14) means responsive to'the said sensing means and operatively connected thereto for recording said varied viscosities.
  • An apparatus useful for measuring viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under different pressure'andtemperature conditions comprising in combination: (1) a substantially non-magnetic pressure cell for the fluid, I internally. threaded .near' its top;
  • electromagnetic ,winding' means for-establishing a magnetic field in said cell (3) meanshaving'an appreciable viscous drag and being responsiveto saidfield positioned within said cell and freely movable in the fluid; (4)
  • thermowell projecting through said packing bolt, said valve body and said inlet stern into said pressure cell; (13) means for converting the sound waves caused by the impact of the magnetically responsive means 3- against the top and bottomsurfaces of said cell into electrical signals; (14) means for amplifying said electrical signals; (15) electronic means operatively connected to amplifying means and activated by the amplified electrical signalsor by the absence thereof for sensing variations in the viscosity of the fluid, by said presence or absence of electrical sig nals', as itchanges from one value to other values; and (16) means responsive to the said sensing means and operatively connected thereto for recording said varied viscosities.
  • An apparatus useful for measuring viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under difiere ent pressure and temperature conditions comprising in combination: (1) a substantially non-magnetic pressure able viscous drag and being responsive to said fields positioned within said cell and freely movable in the fluid;- (4) means for intermittently and regularly electrically energizing each ofsaid windings whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused to move.
  • a closure possessing a hollow cylindrical bore adapted to be threaded into said cell; (6) a cylindrical inlet stern flanged at its base and externally threaded at its upper portion, also possessing a hollow cylindrical bore and adapted for close proximate insertion through the hollow cylindrical bore of said closure 5; (7) a resilient sealing gasket surrounding said inlet stern and situated between the flange of'said stem and the base of said closure 5; (8) a pressure seal nut adapted to be threaded about said inlet stem and to cause the flange of said stem to pressure the sealing gasket against the bottom of said closure; (9) a valve body threaded onto the top of said inlet stem and forming a pressure-tight seal therewith; (l0) pressure input means in said 'valve body communir eating with the hollow cylindrical bore of said-inlet stem; 7
  • An apparatus useful for measuring viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under different pressure and temperature conditions comprising in combination: (1) a substantially non-magnetic pressure cell for the fluid, internally threaded near its top; (2) electromagnetic windings surrounding upper and lower portions of said cell for establishing magnetic fields in said portions of said cell; (3) means having an appreciable viscous drag and being responsive to said field positioned within said cell and freely movable in the fluid; (4) means for intermittently and regularly electrically energizing each of said windings whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused to move into the resultant magnetic field and toward surfaces in the top and bottom portions of said cell which generate and transmit sound waves when struck by said movable means; (5) -a closure possessing a hollow cylindrical bore adapted to be threaded into said cell; (6) a cylindrical inlet stem flanged at its base and externally threaded at its upper portion, also possessing a hollow cylindrical bore and adapted for close proximate insertion through the hollow cylindrical bore of
  • An apparatus useful for measuring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under different pressure and temperature conditions comprising in combination a substantially non-magnetic container for the fluid; electromagnetic winding means for establishing a magnetic field in an upper portion of a cavity in said container; means having an appreciable viscous drag and being responsive to said field positioned within said cavity and freely movable in the fluid; means for intermittently and regularly electrically energizing said winding whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable means is caused during the time said winding is energized to move into the resultant magnetic field and against a surface in the top portion of said cavity which generates and transmits sound waves when struck by said movable means; means for converting said sound waves into electrical signals; means for amplifying said r a t I 18 electrical signals; electronic means operatively connected to the amplifying means and activated by the amplified electrical signals or by the absence thereoffor sensing variations in ,theviscosity of the fluid, by said presence or absence of electrical signals, as
  • An apparatus useful for measuring viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under different pressure and temperature conditions comprising a substantially non-magnetic pressure cell for the fluid, internally threaded near its top; electromagnetic winding means for establishing a magnetic field in said cell;
  • a bob having an appreciable viscous drag and being responsive to said field positioned within said cell and freely movable in the fluid; means for intermittently and regularly electrically energizing said winding whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable bob is caused to move into the resultant magnetic field; a closure possessing a hollow cylindrical bore adapted to be threaded into said cell; a cylindrical inlet stem flanged at its base and'externally threaded at its upper portion, also possessing a hollow cylindrical bore and adapted for close proximate insertion through the hollow cylindrical bore of said closure; a resilient sealing gasket surrounding said inlet stem and situated between the flange of said stern and the base of said closure; a pressure seal nut adapted to be threaded about said inlet stem and to cause the flange of said stem to pressure the sealing gasket against the bottom of said closure; a valve body threaded onto the top of said inlet stem and forming a pressuretight seal therewith; pressure input means in said valve body communicating with the hollow
  • a process for measuaring the viscosity characteristics of a fluid whose viscosity changes under dilferent pressure and temperature conditions which comprises: (1) filling the cavity of a substantially non-magnetic container with the fluid, which cavity is surrounded at an upper portion with an electro-magnetic winding means for establishing a magnetic field in said upper portion of the cavity, which cavity, has disposed therein and freely movable in the fluid a bob having an appreciable viscous drag and which is responsive to said electromagnetic field, and which cavity also possesses a surface at its top which gencrates and transmits sound waves when struck by said movable bob; (2) intermittently and regularly electrically energizing said winding whereby said electromagnetically responsive movable bob is caused during the time said winding is energized to move upwardly into the resultant magnetic field and against said surface in the top portion of said cavity which generates and transmits sound waves when struck by said movable bob; (3) converting said sound waves into electrical signals; (4) amplifying

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
US856962A 1959-12-03 1959-12-03 Viscometer Expired - Lifetime US3073150A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL258633D NL258633A (is) 1959-12-03
US856962A US3073150A (en) 1959-12-03 1959-12-03 Viscometer
GB40923/60A GB903884A (en) 1959-12-03 1960-11-29 Viscometer
FR845812A FR1280150A (fr) 1959-12-03 1960-12-02 Viscosimètre
CH1352560A CH411399A (de) 1959-12-03 1960-12-02 Verfahren und Gerät zum Messen der sich mit dem Druck und der Temperatur ändernden Viskosität von Strömungsmitteln
BE597739A BE597739A (fr) 1959-12-03 1960-12-02 Viscosimètre
AT902460A AT244643B (de) 1959-12-03 1960-12-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen des Zeitpunktes des Erreichens bestimmter vorgegebener Viskositätswerte einer hochviskosen Flüssigkeit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US856962A US3073150A (en) 1959-12-03 1959-12-03 Viscometer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3073150A true US3073150A (en) 1963-01-15

Family

ID=25324862

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US856962A Expired - Lifetime US3073150A (en) 1959-12-03 1959-12-03 Viscometer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3073150A (is)
AT (1) AT244643B (is)
BE (1) BE597739A (is)
CH (1) CH411399A (is)
GB (1) GB903884A (is)
NL (1) NL258633A (is)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003297A1 (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-05 Cambridge Applied Systems, Inc. Viscometer
US4612799A (en) * 1985-10-25 1986-09-23 Texaco Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring viscosity
US4918984A (en) * 1987-12-30 1990-04-24 Serbio Device for measuring the modification time of the physical state of a fluid medium
US5394739A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-03-07 Computational Systems, Inc. Viscosity tester and method with orbiting object
EP2219769A2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2010-08-25 Sensortec Limited Instrument for use with fluid
US9562840B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-02-07 Cambridge Viscosity, Inc. High precision reciprocating bob viscometer
US10281381B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2019-05-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Axial flow viscometer
CN113281224A (zh) * 2021-07-09 2021-08-20 成都理工大学 一种钻井堵漏材料稠化性能评价仪

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320218A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-05-25 Standard Oil Dev Co Viscosimeter
US2607217A (en) * 1948-10-11 1952-08-19 Shell Dev Viscosity meter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320218A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-05-25 Standard Oil Dev Co Viscosimeter
US2607217A (en) * 1948-10-11 1952-08-19 Shell Dev Viscosity meter

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003297A1 (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-05 Cambridge Applied Systems, Inc. Viscometer
US4627272A (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-12-09 Cambridge Applied Systems, Inc. Viscometer
US4612799A (en) * 1985-10-25 1986-09-23 Texaco Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring viscosity
US4918984A (en) * 1987-12-30 1990-04-24 Serbio Device for measuring the modification time of the physical state of a fluid medium
US5394739A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-03-07 Computational Systems, Inc. Viscosity tester and method with orbiting object
EP2219769A2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2010-08-25 Sensortec Limited Instrument for use with fluid
EP2219769A4 (en) * 2007-11-14 2011-09-28 Lely Patent Nv INSTRUMENT FOR USE WITH A FLUID
AU2008321620B2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2014-04-03 S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited Apparatus for mixing and determining viscosity of fluid
US9562840B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-02-07 Cambridge Viscosity, Inc. High precision reciprocating bob viscometer
US10281381B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2019-05-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Axial flow viscometer
CN113281224A (zh) * 2021-07-09 2021-08-20 成都理工大学 一种钻井堵漏材料稠化性能评价仪
CN113281224B (zh) * 2021-07-09 2022-04-15 成都理工大学 一种钻井堵漏材料稠化性能评价仪

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT244643B (de) 1966-01-10
CH411399A (de) 1966-04-15
GB903884A (en) 1962-08-22
BE597739A (fr) 1961-06-02
NL258633A (is)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3073150A (en) Viscometer
US2668365A (en) Apparatus for determining densities of finely divided solid materials in a fluidized body of such materials
US2839915A (en) Method and apparatus for measuring viscosity, etc., of fluid-like materials
US4312217A (en) Apparatus and method for measuring changes in conditions in coagulating liquids
US3395337A (en) Apparatus and method for identifying substances
US3100390A (en) Method of and apparatus for determining physical properties of materials
US5394739A (en) Viscosity tester and method with orbiting object
US2524933A (en) Interface locator
US3339400A (en) Mass presence sensing apparatus
US3073151A (en) Viscometer
MXPA04011807A (es) Aparato y metodo para analizar el desprendimiento de fluido para pozo.
US2266733A (en) High pressure consistometer
US4515010A (en) Stuck point indicating device with linear sensing means
US3381525A (en) Method for detection of the imminence or incidence or cavitation in a liquid
US2171840A (en) Method for determining the position of cement slurry in a well bore
US3201970A (en) Pour point determination
US2957338A (en) Viscometer
US2633015A (en) Portable permeameter
US4685326A (en) Resonant determination of saturation changes in rock samples
US2519323A (en) Method of measuring corrosion and erosion
US3520638A (en) Means and apparatus for sensing and controlling material levels
US3474663A (en) Viscosimeter
US2498393A (en) Agitating device
US4916678A (en) Viscometer
US2701469A (en) Viscometer