US3072580A - Shampoo composition - Google Patents

Description

nited States T atet 3,072,580 SHAMPOO COMPOSITION Donald D. Laiderman, Park Forest, 111., assignor to The Giliette Company, Boston, Mass, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Aug. 7, 1957, Ser. No. 676,702 Claims. (Cl. 252-152) This invention relates to a shampoo composition and pertains more specifically to a hair shampoo composition containing certain sulfonated or sulfated surfactants in combination with an alkylolarnide of a fatty acid and with certain alcohols.

One object of the present invention is to provide a hair shampoo composition having effective cleansing power in both hard and soft water.

Another object is to provide a hair shampoo containing an effective sulfonate or sulfate surfactant, which shampoo is free from turbidity 'and cloudiness.

Still another object is to provide a shampoo of the type described which has good foaming properties and which at the same time provides effective cleansing of the hair and possesses the characteristic'of leaving the hair in good condition. By good condition is meant that the hair is easy to comb both wet and dry with little tendency to snarl, has a soft handle both when wet and when dry, and is not harsh or rough to the touch.

Other and further objects will be apparent from the description which follows.

It has been found that the foregoing objects are attained and a highly satisfactory clear shampoo composition is provided by employing in combination three essential ingredients. The principal component of the shampoo composition is a sulfonated or sulfated surfactant which may consist entirely of the sodium salt of N-acyl-N- methyl taurine or which may consist of a mixture of the sodium salt of N-acyl-N-methyl taurine with up to an equal amount by weight of the sodium, magnesium or triethanolamine salt of an alkyl sulfuric acid. In either case each acyl or alkyl group present in the molecule is of moderate length, containing from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The sulfonated or sulfated surfactant component should be from 8% to 20% by weight of the total weight of the aqueous shampoo composition. Among suitable sulfonated and sulfated surfactants that may be used are the sodium salts of N-decanoyl-N-methyl taurine, N-dodecanoyl-N-methyl taurine, N-tetradecanoyl-N-methyl taurine, N-octadecanoyl-N-methyl taurine, as well as the triethanolamine salts of n-decyl sulfuric acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, myristyl sulfuric acid, cetyl sulfuric acid, stearyl sulfuric acid, and the like.

While the foregoing sulfonated or sulfated surfactants are the principal ingredients of the shampoo composition of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the solubility of such surfactants in aqueous compositions is limited, particularly in the presence of salts such as sodium chloride which are frequently present as an impurity in the commercial product. Accordingly, in order to obtain a water-clear shampoo composition based on these surfactants, it is essential to employ in combination with said surfactants a solubilizer. While a variety of materials are commercially available as solubilizers, their effectiveness is in many cases quite limited. However, it has been found that by employing two selected solubilizers in combination a synergistic result is obtained, as evidenced by enhanced clarity of the finished composiice tion. One of the solubilizers employed is an alkylolamide of a fatty acid, preferably a lower alkylolamide such as the monoor di-ethanolamide, monoor di-isopropanolamide, or the like of a fatty acid having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, or the like. Excess free alkylolamine may also be present along with the alkylolamide without deleterious results.

The second essential member of the solubilizing combination is an alcohol having the structure in which R and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is a group having one of the following structures:

I?! Illa 0204 3 1 or orr2orn-o-R,

on 0H where R, and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Particularly important and useful members of this class are 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol; 3,6 dimethyl 4 octyne 3,6 diol; 3,6 diethyl 4- octyne-3,6-diol; and 3,6-dimethyloctane-3,6-diol. All of these alcohols possess the desired low melting point, solubilizing effectiveness and lack of odor which are requisite for the purpose of the present invention.

Each of the foregoing solubilizers must be present in an amount from 6% to 50% by weight based on the weight of the total surfactant with the total weight of both solu bilizers together being from 20% to by weight of the surfactant. It has been found that this combination of solubilizers not only possesses enhanced solubilizing characteristics for the sulfonate surfactants of the present composition, but in addition imparts stability to the foam which is obtainable upon shaking the composition.

In addition to the foregoing essential ingredients, it is highly desirable in most cases to include in addition from 6% to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the surfactant, of a higher fatty alcohol; namely, a fatty alcohol containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, such as n-decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, or the like. The presence of such a fatty alcohol not only enhances the stability of the foam produced upon shaking the shampoo composition, but indeed increases the volume of foam obtainable.

While the foregoing composition with or without the higher fatty alcohol provides a satisfactory shampoo, it has been found that the hair conditioning properties of the shampoo, i.e., its ability to leave the hair in good condition, are greatly enhanced by including in the composition a triethanolamine soap, that is, a triethanolamine salt of a fatty acid having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The fatty acid present in the soap may be any of those enumerated above as suitable for forming the alkylolamide solubilizer. The amount of such soap may vary from 10% to 65% by weight of the total surfactant.

The following specific examples are intended to illustrate more clearly the nature of the present invention without any limitation upon the scope thereof.

Example 1 A shampoo composition was prepared by dissolving in water the following ingredients in the proportions specified, the ingredients being added to an aqueous medium in the order named:

Water, to 100 parts by weight.

Example 2 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by Weight:

Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 8.0 Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 4.0 Lauryl alcohol 1.0 3,6-dirnethyl-4-0ctyne-3,6-diol 2.0 Lauric diethanolamide 5.0

Water, to 100 parts.

The foregoing composition was found to be substantially equivalent to thecomposition of Example 1- as' a hair shampoo.

Example 3 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:

Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 12.0 Ninol AA62 (mixture of lauric diethanolamide and diethanolamine) 5.0

' 3,6-dimethyl-4-octyne-3,6-diol 1.0

Triethanolamine soap of a mixture of 3 parts of coconut oil fatty acid with 1 part of oleic acid--- 3.8

Lauryl' alcohol 1.0

Water, to 100 parts.

The foregoing composition was found to be substantially equivalent to the compositions of Examples 1- and 2 so far as cleaning effectiveness, volume of foam, and

V foam stability were concerned and to be superior in hair conditioning properties.

Example 4 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:

' Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 8.0

Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 4.0 Lauric diethanolamide 4.0 3,6-dimethyl-4-octyne-3,6-diol 1.0 Triethanolamine soap of a mixture of 3 parts of coconut oil fatty acid with 1 part of oleic acid 3.8

Water, to 100 parts.

The foregoing shampoo composition 'was found to be substantially equivalent to the composition of Example 3.

Example 5 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight: J v a a Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 12.0 Lauryl alcohol 1.0 Lauric diethanolamide 5.0'

2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-dio1 Water,to 100 parts.

This composition was found to be substantially equivalent to the composition of Example 1 as a hair shampoo, the composition remaining water-clear even at temperatures well below normal room temperature.

Example 6 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:

Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 12.0 Lauryl alcohol 1.0 Lauric diethanolamide 5.0 3,6-dimethyloctane-3,6-diol' 2.0

Water, to 100 parts.

This composition was found to be substantially equivalentto the composition of Example 1 as a hair shampoo, the composition remaining water-clear even at temperatures well below normal room temperature.

Similar results can be achieved by varying the nature of the specific ingredients within the scope of the present invention as set forth hereinabove. Any of the conventional additives, such as perfumes, sequestering agents, germicides, dyes, stabilizers, and the like, may be added in accordance with conventional practice.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it is not intended to limit the invention solely thereto, but to include all of the obvious variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A shampoo composition consisting essentially of water and (A) from 8%- to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the shampoo, of a surface active agent selected from the class consisting of (l) the sodium salt of N-acyl-N-methyl taurine and (2) a mixture of said sodium salt with up to an equal amount by weight of a member of the class consisting of the sodium, magnesium and triethanolamine salts of an alkyl surfuric acid, the acyl and alkyl groups of said surface active agents each having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, (B) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, of an alkylolamide of a fatty acid having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, and (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, of a compound having the structure in which R1 and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is a member of the class consisting of in which R; and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the total weight of (B) and (C) together being from 20% to by weight of said surface active agent.'

2. A shampoo composition as defined inclaim 1 comprising in addition'from 6% to 30% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, of a fatty alcoho containing from 10m 14 carbon atoms.

. 3.. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 2 comprising in addition from 10% to 65% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, 'of a triethanolamine salt of a fatty acid having from 10 to '18 carbon atoms. V

4. A 'sharnpoo composition consisting essentially of 7 water and (A) from 8% to 20% by weight, based on the olamide of a fatty acid having from to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, and (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of said sodium salt, of a compound having the structure in which R and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is a member of the class consisting of in which R; and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the total weight of (B) and (C) together being from to 75% by weight of said sodium salt.

5. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 4 including in addition from 6% to 30% by weight based on the weight of said sodium salt, of a fatty alcohol containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

6. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 5 in which said fatty alcohol comprises lauryl alcohol.

7. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 4 in which said sodium salt is the salt of N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurine.

8. A shampoo composition consisting essentially of water and (A) from 8% to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the shampoo, of a surface active agent consisting of a mixture of the sodium salt of N-acyl- N-methyl taurine with up to an equal amount by weight of the triethanolamine salt of an alkyl sulfuric acid, the acyl and alkyl groups of said salts each having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, (B) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, of an alkylolamide of a fatty acid having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, and (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, of a compound having the structure in which R and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is a member of the class consisting of in which R and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the total weight of (B) and (C) together being from 20% to 75% by weight of said surface active agent.

9. A shampoo composition consisting essentially of water and (A) from 8% to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the shampoo, of the sodium salt of N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurine, (B) from 6% to by weight, based on the weight of said sodium salt, of the diethanolamide of lauric acid, (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the Weight of said sodium salt, of 3,6-dimethyl-4-octyne-3,6-diol, the total weight of (B) and (C) together being from 20% to 75% by weight of said sodium salt, and (D) from 6% to 30% by weight, based on the weight of said sodium salt, of lauryl alcohol.

10. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 9 comprising in addition from 10% to by weight, based on the weight of said sodium salt, of the triethanolamine salt of a fatty acid having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,250,445 Bruson et a1. July 29, 1941 2,527,075 Preston Oct. 24, 1950 2,527,076 Preston Oct. 24, 1950 2,607,740 Vitale et al Aug. 19, 1952 2,893,913 Wiedow July 7, 1959 2,997,447 Russell et a1. Aug. 22, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES The Surfynols, publication of Air Reduction Chem. Corp., NPD080507, pages 1-3, received November 19, 1956.

Saturated Ditertiary Glycols, pub. of Air Reduction Chem. Corp., NPD-0405l2, page 1, received November 19, 1956.

Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, October 1951, pages 87 and 89, article entitled Detergents for Shampoos.

Soap and Chemical Specialties, October 1955, page 59, article by McCutcheon.

Higher Diols, pub. by Carbide and Carbon Chem. Corp, received US. Patent Office, March 27, 1950 (pp. 1 and 2).

Claims (1)

1. A SHAMPOO COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF WATER AND (A) FROM 8% TO 20% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE SHAMPOO, OF A SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF (1) THE SODIUM SALT OF N-ACYL-N-METHYL TAURINE AND (2) A MIXTURE OF SAID SODIUM SALT WITH UP TO AN EQUAL AMOUNT BY WEIGHT OF A MEMBER OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF THE SODIUM, MAGNESIUM AND TRIETHANOLAMINE SALTS OF AN ALKYL SURFURIC ACID, THE ACYL AND ALKYL GROUPS OF SAID SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS EACH HAVING FROM 10 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, (B) FROM 6% TO 50% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT, OF AN ALKYLOLAMIDE OF A FATTY ACID HAVING FROM 10 TO 14 CARBON ATOMS IN THE CHAIN, AND (C) FROM 6% TO 50% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT, OF A COMPOUND HAING THE STRUCTURE