US3070494A - Wood preservative - Google Patents

Wood preservative Download PDF

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Publication number
US3070494A
US3070494A US41651A US4165160A US3070494A US 3070494 A US3070494 A US 3070494A US 41651 A US41651 A US 41651A US 4165160 A US4165160 A US 4165160A US 3070494 A US3070494 A US 3070494A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wood
sodium
solution
pentachlorophenate
pentachlorophenol
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Expired - Lifetime
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US41651A
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English (en)
Inventor
Irving S Goldstein
William J Oberley
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Beazer East Inc
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Koppers Co Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US41651A priority Critical patent/US3070494A/en
Priority to GB13235/61A priority patent/GB978350A/en
Priority to BR130127/61A priority patent/BR6130127D0/pt
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Publication of US3070494A publication Critical patent/US3070494A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/38—Aromatic compounds
    • B27K3/40—Aromatic compounds halogenated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/26—Compounds of iron, aluminium, or chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/30—Compounds of fluorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to compositions and processes adapted for use in preservation of wood, as from fungi and termites, and more particularly to a composition for, process of, and product for, the combined preservation of Wood with a non-staining, nonsludging composition.
  • Wood treated with a typical preservative composition composed of inorganic components typified by sodium fluoride, sodium chromate or potassium dlchromate, sodium arsenate, and an organic component 2,4-dinitrophenol, possesses high resistance to attack by fungi and termites and is clean, odorless, and paintable.
  • the dinitrophenol component is leached from the wood by rain or condensed moisture. In areas, such as Florida, where slab construction is common, and such preserved wood is suitable, this leaching causes the staining of the slab and is objectionable.
  • the coloring leached from the Wood penetrates other objects, such as porous terrazzo floors, etc., and the resulting stain cannot be removed, even by grinding. Other porous materials, such as plaster, are often stained as well.
  • sodium pentachlorophenate can be used with the foregoing salts, such as alkali metal fluoride, chromates, and arsenates, to provide an excellent non-staining, non-sludging preservative for wood.
  • sodium pentachlorophenate is a colorless, water-soluble salt with high toxicity to fungi, it had not been heretofore used for the impregnation of wood because the acidic nature of the wood causes precipitation of pentachlorophenol when the pH of the sodium pentachlorophenate solution falls slightly below 7 for technical grade material.
  • the pentachlorophenate After it is introduced into the wood, the pentachlorophenate is changed back to pentachlorophenol by the acidity of the wood and possibly through reaction with carbon dioxide. Because of the precipitation due to the acidity of the wood, the pentachlorophenate generally does not penetrate the wood deeply. While the material does afiord some protection from decay, the protection is less satisfactory than that protection which can be obtained with oil solutions of chlorinated phenol.
  • the use of aqueous solutions of sodium pentachlorophenate therefore has been heretofore limited to the dipping of green lumber in a solution of the pentachlorophenate to prevent blue staining during seasoning.
  • Patented Dec. 25, 1962 To prevent this precipitation, it has been proposed to incorporate a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the composition to act as a buffer.
  • Such formulation forms a solution that has an initial pH of about 9.6 and has a buffer capacity that is high between this value and a pH of about 8.5.
  • the acidic nature, about pH 3-4 of the wood lowers the pH of this solution sufficiently to precipitate pentachlorophenol in the solution and on the surface of the wood; so these solutions do not penetrate the wood sufiiciently for commercial purposes unless the original pH of the solution is very high, almost 10.
  • formulations can be successively attained for avoiding staining of wood or sludging of this component while retaining the advantages as to economy, ready avail ability of materials, easy solubility and toxicity of formulations employing dinitrophenol and still be within the 7.2 to 7.8 pH range required to prevent precipitating pentachlorophenol in the wood as aforesaid, by employing an organic component typified by the salt sodium pentachlorophenate, instead of the organic component dinitrophenol in the aforesaid typified composition, and in the same ratio as customarily employed with the other inorganic components aforesaid, that is, in the ratio of sodium pentachlorophenate lzdisodium arsenate 2zsodium chromate 3:sodium fluoride 2. Solutions of from 1% to 10% of the salts are possible and totally effective for the purpose.
  • compositions for use in the preservation of timber, with a non-staining and non-sludging action comprising components by weight typified by the following: 12.5% sodium pentachlorophenate, 25% disodium arsenate, 37.5% sodium chromate, and 25 sodium fluoride.
  • the invention further comprehends a formulation of the component typified by sodium pentachlorophenate with the component typified by Na HAsO disodium arsenate, in the gram ratios 1:2 with a maximum salt concentration of 30%, and for a 112:3 ratio of the sodium pentachlorophenate component and the disodium arsenate and the sodium chromate components, a maximum concentration of 20%.
  • compositions as aforesaid comprising components by gram weight typified by the following: g. sodium pentachlorophenate and g. disodium arsenate without either or both the sodium chromate and sodium fluoride.
  • the buflering action of the component inorganic salts was even more marked with the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, since it required 27 ml. of 0.1 N HCl to reduce the pH from 9.8 to 6.5 and cause precipitation of the trichlorophenol in the presence of the component inorganic salts, compared to 3.5 ml. required to reduce the pH from 10.9 to 6.8 and cause precipitation in the absence of the component inorganic salts.
  • the additional hydroxyl group in the resorcinol increases the water solubility of the compounds 4,6-dichlororesorcinol and 2,4,6-trichlororesorcinol sufliciently that no precipitation problems exist at the concentrations of interest in this novel application to wood for preserving the same.
  • the component typified by sodium pentachlorophenate in the aforesaid typified composition therefore may be, and is, an alkali-metal salt of polychlorophenol, and more particularly, at least one of the group consisting of pentachlorophenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 4,6-dichlororesorcin- 01; and 2,4,6-trichlororesorcinol.
  • the alkali-metal. for all components may be sodium or potassium. Ammonia alkalinity seems to be weak.
  • the maximum salt concentration for the four component mixtures while maintaining the formulated ratio is about 10%.
  • sodium pentachlorophenate and disodium arsenate in a ratio of 1:2 the maximum salt concentration is 30%, and for a 1:223 ratio of sodium pentachlorophenate, disodium arsenate and sodium chromate, the maximum concentration is 20%.
  • the sodium pentachlorophenate is water-soluble and compatible with the three inorganic components at pH values above 7.
  • the resorcinol salts are water-soluble and compatible over the entire pH range, but are more expensive than the first mentioned salt. Because of the adequate reserve buffer capacity of these component salt solutions between pH 8.5 and 7, it is desirable to avoid treatment with solutions of pH greater than 8.5. This will prevent damage to the wood by more alkaline solutions and ensure the precipitation of insoluble pentachlorophenol on prolonged standing.
  • the use of a mixture of sodium dichromate and sodium chromate in preparing the dry mix provides the desired pH when the dry salts are dissolved in water. The safe lower pH limit for these solutions to prevent precipitation is probably 7.2.
  • pH is lowered, due to the use of the same solution in successive treatments of wood, and the addition of make-up salts does not raise it sufliciently, adjustment of pH may be made by the addition of soda ash. If the pH is too high, i.e., above pH 8.5, neutralization with acid is recommended to avoid alkaline damage of the wood.
  • the new compositions may be used in the preservation of timber, sawn wood, and other wood products by the conventional empty and full cell methods of impregnation.
  • the wood is placed in a standard treating cylinder and a vacuum pulled until a manometer shows at least 22", for about one-half hour. This is then followed by submerging the wood with the solution of a mixture of the components aforesaid under pressure at up to 200 p.s.i.g. at up to 200 F.
  • the cylinder and wood may be subjected to a vacuum to remove excess impregnant material from the wood.
  • the invention also comprises the aforesaid process, and the product of the process, that is, a wood product, in the form of timber or sawn wood, having an impregnant therein consisting of the hereinafter claimed components.
  • a desirable non-staining, non-sludging salt formulation for wood preservation consists of the inorganic salts 37.5% sodium chromate, 25% disodium arsenate, 25% sodium fluoride, and the organic component 12.5% sodium pentachlorophenate.
  • Table I shows the results of tests on the effectiveness of sodium pentachlorophenate 4,6-dichlororesorcinol and 2, 4,6-trichlororesorcinol in inhibiting the growth of six species of wood-destroying fungi at a concentration of 0.01% in agar.
  • This buffering eifect takes place well above the critical pH for precipitation of pentachlorophenol.
  • the FIGURE of the drawing shows the greater improve ment in buflfering' capacity of the inorganic components 1) Na HAsO NaF, and Na CrO and (2) Na HAs'O for sodium pentachlorophenate in comparison to the buffering capacity of a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO and sodium carbonate (Na CO From this figure of the drawing, it will be apparent that the presence of the NaF and Na CrO in the organic salts, has little effect on the buffering capacity.
  • sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate formulation has an initial pH of 9.6 and that the buffer capacity is high between this value and a pH value of about 8.5.
  • the sodium arsenate formulations in contrast, have their greatest buffer capacity between pH 8 and pH 7.
  • the approximate value for precipitation of free pentachlorophenol is pH 7.
  • sodium arsenate provides the high buffer capacity needed to prevent precipitation of free pentachlorophenol, and a toxicity itself, that adds to the toxicity of the sodium pentachlorophenate.
  • the formulations containing sodium fluoride and sodium chromate, in addition to the sodium arsenate for conjoint use with sodium pentachlorophenate, are non-staining.
  • a quantitative measurement of the bufiering action was made by titrating ml. of 2% inorganic salt solution of sodium chromate, disodium hydrogen arsenate, and sodium fluoride containing as organic component 0.25% pure sodium pentachlorophenate and 100 ml. of aqueous solution containing only 0.25% pure sodium pentachlorophenate with 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N acetic acid.
  • This measurement shows that in the absence of the inorganic salt components, only 2.6 ml. of 0.1 N HCl were required to reduce the pH from 11.3 to 7.1 where precipitation of pure pentachlorophenol took place. In the presence of the inorganic salt components, 12.0 ml.
  • 4,6-dichlororesorcinol and 2,4,6-trichlororesorcinol are highly toxic to wood-destroying fungi, non-staining, nonsludging and compatible with the inorganic salt components without precipitating over the entire pH range.
  • the additional hydroxyl group in the resorcinol increases the water solubility of these compounds sufliciently that no precipitation problem exists at the concentrations of interest in this application.
  • Sodium pentachlorophenate may be purchased or may be readily prepared as follows: To 472.28 g. of distilled H O containing 7.51 g. of reagent grade NaOH, was added 50.00 g. of pure pentachlorophenol. After mixing for one hour at room temperature, some undissolved pentachlorophenol remained. Since these two compounds were reacted in molar ratios, complete solution should have resulted. To this solution 10% NaOH was added until all of the penta had dissolved.
  • Solubility limits in water contained all or part of the components of the non-staining, non-sludging mixture of salts, as shown in Table II.
  • a method of treating wood with a non-staining, non-sludging wood preserving composition comprising 10 impregnating wood with l-10% aqueous solution of a mixture consisting essentially of about 1 part sodium pentachlorophenate, about 2 parts of an alkali metal arsenate, about 3 parts of a water-soluble chromium salt, and about 2 parts of an alkali metal fluoride, said solution having a pH of 7.2-8.5.
  • a method of treating wood with a non-staining, non-sludging wood preserving composition comprising impregnating wood with a 1-20% aqueous solution of a mixture consisting essentially of about 1 part sodium pentachlorophenate, about 2 parts of an alkali metal arsenate, and about 3 parts of a water-soluble chromium salt, said solution having a pH of 72 8.5.
  • a method of treating wood with a non-staining, non-sludging wood preserving composition comprising impregnating wood with a 1-30% aqueous solution of a mixture consisting essentially of about 1 part sodium pentachlorophenate and about 2 parts of an alkali metal arsenate, said solution having a pH of 7.2-8.5.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US41651A 1960-07-08 1960-07-08 Wood preservative Expired - Lifetime US3070494A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41651A US3070494A (en) 1960-07-08 1960-07-08 Wood preservative
GB13235/61A GB978350A (en) 1960-07-08 1961-04-12 Improvements in or relating to non-staining compositions and methods for preservation of timber
BR130127/61A BR6130127D0 (pt) 1960-07-08 1961-06-20 Composicoes imaculantes e processo para conservacao de madeira

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3369921A (en) * 1962-10-04 1968-02-20 Chapman Chem Co Method and composition for treating wood to reduce staining
US3877979A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-04-15 C B M Enterprises Ltd Process of treating wood against stain and decay
US3889020A (en) * 1972-04-17 1975-06-10 Reichhold Chemicals Inc Method for treating wood

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1465603A (en) * 1922-12-18 1923-08-21 Gohmert Louis Composition for impregnating and preserving wood
US1544013A (en) * 1923-01-15 1925-06-30 John W Kitchin Treatment of timber
US1957873A (en) * 1929-08-10 1934-05-08 Grubenholzimpragnierung G M B Wood preservative
US2012976A (en) * 1934-09-28 1935-09-03 Osmose Holzimpraegnierungs G M Composition for impregnating wood
US2322633A (en) * 1940-08-10 1943-06-22 Monsanto Chemicals Wood preservation
US2344019A (en) * 1941-03-03 1944-03-14 Os Se Wood Preserving Company Composition and method for preserving wood
US2784139A (en) * 1953-05-28 1957-03-05 Hazel H Cutler Thixotropic wood preservation composition and process for preparing same
US2895848A (en) * 1955-06-20 1959-07-21 Marley Co Method of preserving the wooden structure of cooling towers by impregnating

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1465603A (en) * 1922-12-18 1923-08-21 Gohmert Louis Composition for impregnating and preserving wood
US1544013A (en) * 1923-01-15 1925-06-30 John W Kitchin Treatment of timber
US1957873A (en) * 1929-08-10 1934-05-08 Grubenholzimpragnierung G M B Wood preservative
US2012976A (en) * 1934-09-28 1935-09-03 Osmose Holzimpraegnierungs G M Composition for impregnating wood
US2322633A (en) * 1940-08-10 1943-06-22 Monsanto Chemicals Wood preservation
US2344019A (en) * 1941-03-03 1944-03-14 Os Se Wood Preserving Company Composition and method for preserving wood
US2784139A (en) * 1953-05-28 1957-03-05 Hazel H Cutler Thixotropic wood preservation composition and process for preparing same
US2895848A (en) * 1955-06-20 1959-07-21 Marley Co Method of preserving the wooden structure of cooling towers by impregnating

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3369921A (en) * 1962-10-04 1968-02-20 Chapman Chem Co Method and composition for treating wood to reduce staining
US3889020A (en) * 1972-04-17 1975-06-10 Reichhold Chemicals Inc Method for treating wood
US3877979A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-04-15 C B M Enterprises Ltd Process of treating wood against stain and decay

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Publication number Publication date
GB978350A (en) 1964-12-23
BR6130127D0 (pt) 1973-05-31

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