US3066519A - Dry cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Dry cleaning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3066519A
US3066519A US22904A US2290460A US3066519A US 3066519 A US3066519 A US 3066519A US 22904 A US22904 A US 22904A US 2290460 A US2290460 A US 2290460A US 3066519 A US3066519 A US 3066519A
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United States
Prior art keywords
solvent
filter
tank
conduit
valve
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US22904A
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English (en)
Inventor
Boswinkle George
Harbor Benton
Walter L Marple
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Whirlpool Corp
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Whirlpool Corp
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Priority to NL124358D priority Critical patent/NL124358C/xx
Priority to NL263617D priority patent/NL263617A/xx
Application filed by Whirlpool Corp filed Critical Whirlpool Corp
Priority to US22904A priority patent/US3066519A/en
Priority to DE19611410851 priority patent/DE1410851A1/de
Priority to GB13842/61A priority patent/GB915500A/en
Priority to FR859084A priority patent/FR1290446A/fr
Priority to DK157361AA priority patent/DK107088C/da
Priority to AT306261A priority patent/AT242084B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3066519A publication Critical patent/US3066519A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
    • D06F43/02—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents having one rotary cleaning receptacle only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D37/00—Processes of filtration
    • B01D37/02—Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a cleaning apparatus and method and more particularly relates to an improved hydraulic circuitry for a dry cleaner apparatus wherein a dry cleaning operation can be effected in a programmed sequence and wherein the solvent is not only continuously filtered during a cleaning operation, but is further renovated during subsequent operating periods in the program so that the hydraulic circuitry of the machine is conditioned for a new programmed sequence of operation.
  • Dry cleaning is actually a form of chemical cleaning wherein dirt and stains are removed from materials by organic solvents or by special soaps and detergents'
  • the theory of operation in so-called dry cleaning is that greasy and resinous substances collected by Wearing apparel, house furnishings and other articles are first dissolved and then by the use of an insoluble soil removed mechanically or by detergents.
  • the process was first employed in France about the middle of the nineteenth century and for that reason has sometimes been termed French cleaning. Since the introduction of dry cleaning, elaborate machinery has been developed and the machines heretofore provided require not only considerable operating skill but require exceptional capital investment.
  • Non-inflammable chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as cleaning solvents, however, and such materials include carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene, all of which are used as dry cleaning solvents.
  • articles to be dry cleaned are generally placed in a mechanically revolved container with a suitable dry cleaning solvent. Such operation is followed by several rinsings in fresh dry cleaning solvents whereupon the articles are freed from most of the solvent in a centrifugal extractor and are then dried in a current of warm air. After drying the materials are inspected and any remaining spots are removed by special cleaning agents. The dry cleaningsolvent user. in the process is reclaimed and after renovation may be used again.
  • an unusually compact machine can be provided because of the novel hydraulic circuitry employed.
  • a fluid flow system for a machine controlled by a presettable sequential control means.
  • filters are automatically precoated prior to the cleaning operation, thereby to improve the efiiciency of removal of solvent immiscible components and only filtered solvent is placed in conditioning contact with the materials being dry cleaned.
  • Clean solvent is restored Ctl to a solvent tank Within the fiuid system during the extraction operation and used filter additives are gravity dumped in a back flushing operation upon termination of fluid flow through the fluid system.
  • the ry cleaning solvent used in the fluid system may be a suitable non-inflammable chlorinated hydrocarbon, thus eliminating fire hazards and the hydraulic circuitry may be advantageously used in connection with a cleaner such as would be suitable for a domestic laundry appliance, thereby permitting an effective apparatus to be provided with minimal capital investment and making the advantages of dry cleaning available in a completely automatic machine which is simple to operate and economical to produce.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic fluid system for a dry cleaning apparatus wherein the dry cleaning solvent is continuousiy filtered during the cleaning operation and wherein the fabrics being processed are cleaned only in filtered solvent in a non-immersion process in a Zone removed from the soiled solvent drained from the fabrics to thereby minimize soil redeposition on the fabrics.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid fiow system for a dry cleaner apparatus wherein clean solvent is restored to a tank means during an extraction and drying operation and wherein filtered impurities may be readily removed from the fluid flow system without substantial loss of cleaning solvent.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a dry cleaning method and apparatus having improved control means for effecting a programmed sequence of automatic cleaning and extraction periods.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plumbing diagram of a fluid flow system for a dry cleaning apparatus provided in accordance with the principles of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a modified embodiment of the invention differing from the arrangement of FIGURE 1 in the use of a single solvent tank means;
  • FIGURE 3 is a timer schedule or program chart for controlling the operation of the dry cleaner apparatus incorporating the hydraulic circuitry of either FIGURE 1 or FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a wiring diagram illustrating the sequential control means utilized in connection with the control of the machine of the present invention operated in accordance with the principles of the methods contemplated herein;
  • FIGURE 5 is a schematic diagram of the air flow system utilized in the dry cleaner of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 1 there is shown in FIGURE 1 and in FIGURE 2 a horizontal drum type machine wherein materials to be dry cleaned are tumbled within a perforate drum positioned within a generally imperforate tank and rotatable therein about a generally horizontal axis.
  • the materials gravitationally accelerate through the treatment zone established by the rotating drum and convert the potential energy accumulated upon their elevation in the treatment zone into kinetic energy, which is then used to fiex the mass of materials by abruptly changing the gravitational acceleration of the mass through impact against the inner perforate surface of the cylindrical drum wall near the lowermost portion of the treatment zone.
  • the machine preferably includes liquid injecting means whereby a stream of filtered dry cleaning solvent is continuously supplied into the treatment Zone for conditioning contact with the materials during the cyclic manipulation thereof.
  • Impact of the solvent-saturated materials not only causes maximum flexure of the materials, but forces a substantial portion of the dry cleaning solvent out of the materials, thereby enabling the materials to take on a fresh supply of filtered dry cleaning solvent and replacing that displaced by impact.
  • the action of the impact in forcing the dry cleaning solvent from the materials also flushes away the particles of dirt carried by the materials.
  • the dry cleaning solvent employed thus has introduced into it, within the treatment zone, solvent miscible and immiscible impurities and constituting components of the total soil contained within the materials.
  • the dry cleaning solvent with such impurities entrained therein automatically drains from the drum containing the fabrics being cleaned and returns to a solvent reservoir included in the hydraulic circuitry of the present invention.
  • this machine is generally indicated at 5 and includes a generally imperforate tank or casing 6 which is provided with a drain outlet 7 and a solvent circulation injection nozzle S which is located on the exterior of tank 6 and which is directed in an inwardly direction so as to project cleaning solvent circulated through that nozzle 8 into an access opening 9 located in the front wall of a rotatable perforate drum 10 which, in turn, is selectively driven at tumbling and extraction speeds by motor 11 through a conventional power transmission path diagrammatically indicated by the dotted line 12 interconnecting drum lit and motor 11.
  • Solvent emanating from nozzle 3 passes through the access or loading opening 9, preferably in a fan-shaped stream or spray through which the elevated fabrics fall prior to their forcefully impacting in a flexing action against the solventfree lower surface of the drum 10.
  • the tank 6 is provided with a sump 13 which is located below drum 10 so that all solvent draining from fabrics placed within the drum ill will not recontaminate either the drum 10 or the fabrics themselves. It should be apparent from this brief description that the operation of this dry cleaning apparatus differs from the so-called immersion process in which fabrics are agitated in a pool of dry cleaning solvent.
  • An important advantage of the present disclosed construction lies in the fact that soil bearing solvent draining from the fabrics is immediately drained away from the fabrics and the drum ll ⁇ to substantially reduce problems of soil redeposition on these fabrics.
  • sump 13 is positioned far enough below the drum It) so that all solvent draining from the drum Bill is constantly drained from the dry cleaning treatment zone formed by the drum 1d and gravitationally directed to a remote solvent reservoir for retreatment and refiltration prior to being again applied to the fabrics within drum ill.
  • a pump 14 driven through mechanical connections 16 by a pump motor 17.
  • the pump pressurizes a supply of dry cleaning solvent and drives the same in the form of a stream through a conduit 18 containing a check valve 18a and connected to a filter apparatus shown generally at 19.
  • the filter apparatus 19 is preferably of the type wherein a plurality of forarninous or porous tubes 19a are positioned Within a filter housing 1.9!) and are supported by a divider or sepa ator plate so that all solvent passing through the filter apparatus passes through these tubes 1% which may be of a conventional type to receive a coating of filter aid material such as diatomaceous earth to restrict their perforations and thereby render this filter more effective in filtering out soil particles of, for example, one micron size or below.
  • filter aid material such as diatomaceous earth
  • the filter apparatus shown in FlGURES l and 2 has a filter inlet 26? to which the conduit 18 is connected and a filter outlet 21 to which a conduit 22 is connected.
  • the conduit 22 leads to two separate branches, one of the branches being shown at 23 and containing a control valve shown generally at 24.
  • the conduit 23 is connected to the nozzle 8 positioned on the exterior of the tank 6 to ditfuse the stream of dry cleaning solvent in a spray pattern passing through the drum opening 9 and extending across the perforate cylindrical sidewall of the drum if) for direct impingement against the materials falling downwardly within the drum ill during the tumbling operation.
  • control valve 24 may be of a type including electrically actuated controller means, thereby permitting the valve 24 to be regulated by the presettable timing apparatus or sequential control means as of the present invention.
  • a second branch connected to the conduit 22 is shown at 26, which branch 25 has contained therein a pressure relief valve 25.
  • the pressure relief valve 25 is of the type which automatically opens as soon as an upstream pressure in conduit 22 reaches a predetermined quantitative value.
  • the valve 24 is closed, the pressure exhibited in the conduit 22 will cause the pressure relief valve 2'5 to open whereupon the cleaning solvent discharged through the filter apparatus 19 will pass into the branch 26.
  • opening and closing the valve 24 has the effect of inducing automatic opening and closing of the pressure relief valve 25 insofar as the operation of the fluid flow control system of the present invention is concerned.
  • This construction is preferable over that in which both valves 24 and are electrically controlled valves since controlled operation of branches 23 and 26 may be easily achieved by the simpler apparatus at lower cost.
  • the branch 26 leads to a tank means which may take two different forms in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the branch 26 is connected to discharge into a tank compartment 28:: which for ease in identity will be referred to as a filter solvent tank.
  • a separate tank compartment at 281; which for purposes of ease in identification will be referred to as unfiltered solvent tank.
  • the tank compartments and 28b are separated from each other by a common. weir 29 extending between them so that solvent from the filtered solvent tank 23a may overflow into the unfiltered solvent tank 23!; when solvent within the tank reaches a level determined by the weir 29.
  • Both the filtered solvent tank. 28a solvent tank 285 have bottom outlets and the unfiltered as shown at 32 and 33, respectively, connected by means of a two-way valve to the pump 14, whereby the pump may draw a supply of solvent for pressurization to drive the solvent in the form of a stream in the conduit 18 from either the filtered solvent tank 28a or the unfiltered solvent tank 281;.
  • the bottom outlet 32 of the tank Zda is connected to the two-way valve 34 by a conduit 36
  • the bottom outlet 33 of the unfiltered solvent tank 285 is connected to the two vvay valve 34 by a conduit 37.
  • a conduit 3% interconnects the two-way valve 34 and the pump 14.
  • a single tank means is provided to function as a reservoir for receiving both the unfiltered solvent and the filtered solvent.
  • the single tank of FIGURE 2 is shown generally at ill and a conduit 41 is shown interconnecting the pump 14 and the tank as so that a supply of solvent is drawn by the pump from tank dd for pressurization to drive the solvent in the form of a stream in the conduit 13.
  • the sump 13 which catches cleaning solvent admixed with impurities removed from the materials being dry cleaned, drains into the unfiltered solvent tank 281; by way of the outlet 7 and the conduit 42.
  • the filter apparatus lfi is provided with a dump valve 43 connected to a sediment trap 44 shown generally in diagrammatic form and including a removable filter basket or container 44:: and a closure shown generally at 46, whereby the sediment contained within the trap 44 may be periodically removed.
  • the sediment trapped within the basket ida includes, as will hereinafter be more apparent, the precoat material, the soil filtered thereon and the adsorbent additive used in this apparatus.
  • This filter basket is intended for periodic removal and, in practice, is normally removed and emptied for residual solvent recovery after every twelve complete cycles. This differs from conventional dry cleaning apparatus which normally requires emptying of sediment traps after each operational cycle.
  • the dump valve 43 is of the type which preferably includes electrical actuator or control means so that the valve 43 may be placed under the regulation of a presettable sequential control means 6t? controlling operation of the present invention. Moreover, the dump valve 43 preferably provides a l exhaust orifice at the bottom of the conically shaped filter apparatus 1?. Accordingly, if the filter casing is completely filled with solvent and the dump valve d3 is opened after cessation of flow through the fluid flow system of the present invention, the solvent contained within the filter apparatus 19 will almost instantly dump all of the contents thereof into the trap id. To assist in this action, the filter is provided with a dump aid atmospheric check valve shown at 37.
  • the sediment trap 44 is connected either to the unfiltered solvent tank 23b, as shown in FIGURE 1, or to the t sk 49, as shown in FIGURE 2, so that all soils, precoat additives and adsorbents carried on the exterior surfaces of filter tubes 190 will be trapped within the trap 44, while the solvent thus dumped will be returned into the hydraulic system via the unfiltered solvent tank Zfib or the tank 4%.
  • dispensing means connected to the hydraulic circuit.
  • Such dispensing means preferably constitutes two separate units.
  • the first unit is shown at 50 and is shown as including an electrically operated dispenser actuator 51 for regulating the admission of an additive into the filtered solvent tank 2'7.
  • the dispenser 5% can comprise any convenient hopper-type reservoir, while the actuator 51 may comprise a screw-type dispenser having a suitable actuating motor or any other form of motorized valving device so that the additive contained within the dispenser Ell may be discharged through a conduit 52 into the filtered solvent tank 27 for injection into the hydraulic circuit.
  • the dispenser 59 will be charged with a supply of a filter aid material such as diatomaceous earth.
  • a filter aid material such as diatomaceous earth.
  • a second dispenser unit is shown at 53 and is regulated by a suitable electrically controlled actuator 54, thereby to discharge additive through a conduit 56 into the unfiltered solvent tank 28b.
  • the dispenser 53 may comprise a suitable reservoir
  • the actuator 54 may comprise a screw-type additive dispenser suitably actuated by a motor drive or any other form of motorized valve actuator by means of which the supply of additive dispensed from the dispenser 53 through the conduit 56 may be injected into the hydraulic circuit by means of the unfiltered solvent tank 2812.
  • the dispenser 53 be charged with an additive suitable for improving the removal of solvent miscible components from the solvent stream.
  • an additive suitable for improving the removal of solvent miscible components from the solvent stream For example, activated carbon has the effect of absorbing dyes which go into solution in the solvent stream, or adsorptive magnesia is also useful in removing fatty acids from the solvent stream to thus maintain the solvent in a sweetened condition.
  • T he additive contained within the dispenser 53 may comprise either or both such additives and when injected into the hydraulic circuit operates to remove the solvent miscible components from the solvent stream at the filter apparatus 119.
  • dispenser 53 is loaded with a mixture of approximately 20% activated magnesia, 0% activated charcoal and diatomaceous earth.
  • the activated magnesia and charcoal serve to chemically treat the solvent while the additional diatomaceous earth maintains the porosity of the filter cake deposited on the filter surface of tubes ilk: and thereby serves to reduce the layer caking on the filter by soil particles.
  • dispenser wells Stla and 53a are provided immediately below their respective dispensers and 53 within tank compartments 28a and 23b, respectively, and that these dispenser wells 56a and 53a are in turn respectively positioned above the intake openings of conduits 32 and 33 so that filter aid material and the adsorbent additives are allowed to form a slurry for immediate deposit on the porous filter tubes 1% when these dispensers are operated. It will also be seen that while the dispensed material is dispensed into the solvent tank compartments in FlGURE l, the dispensed material could also be injected directly into the conduits leading to pump 7 l-tl as is done in the alternative embodiment of FIG- URE 2.
  • dispensing means is embodied in the arrangement or" FIGURE 2 and, accordingly, like reference numerals have been applied to like units. It will be noted, however, that the dispensing means se and 53 are connected in position to inject the additive directly into the conduit ll leading to the inlet of the pump 14' for delivery into the stream of solvent discharged into the conduit 1%.
  • the sequential controller 6d is of the type incorporating a timer motor 61 which may be of the stepping-type and whichoperates to advance, in accordance with predetermined time increments, a series of switch cams shown at Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and CS.
  • Each of the switch cams C1-C8, inclusive has an appropriate action surface engaging and controlling a corresponding switch blade establishing appropriate electrical connections with either an upper or top contact and a lower or bottom contact.
  • cam C1 has only a single contact and is in series with a line switch 62, thereby to control energization of the main drive motor ll of the machine 10 and the timer motor er. it will be understood that the sequential controller 6% is connected to the usual electrical supply voltage.
  • the cam CZ controls through the upper contact energization of an air heater 63 which heater is used to temperature-condition a stream of air circulated through the machine lb as required to dry or to deodorize the materials contained within the treatment zone prescribed by the machine 10.
  • a blower motor 64 is also provided, the energization of which i controlled by the cam C8 and the function of which is to drive a stream of ventilating air through the air circuitry of the machine in conditioning contact with the materials being dry cleaned therein.
  • the bottom contact controlled by the cam regulates the control valve already identified by the reference numeral 24 in the arrangement or" FIGURES l and. 2.
  • the top contact of the cam C3 controls the operation of air valves shown at 66A and een and used to control the direction of the air stream through the machine All.
  • the operation of the air circuitry of the machine It is illustrated diagrammatically in FIGURE 5 wherein the blower motor 64'- drives a blower discharging air through one of the valves 65, 65, indicated at A, whereupon the air stream may either be vented to atmosphere as at 67 the two-way valve, or conducted through a conduit 63 to a solvent condenser wherein any cleaner solvent contained in the air stream will be condensed for return to the hydraulic circuit via a drain pipe shown at 7%? in both FIGURES l and 2 leading to the unfiltered solvent tank in FIGURE 1 and the tank in FIGURE 2.
  • the air stream leaves the solvent condenser via a conduit '71 and is returned to the machine 5 via the other of the two-way valves 66 indicated at B, after first being temperature-conditioned by exposure to the air heater 63.
  • the valves 5% are mechanically ganged as at 72 for simultaneous operation by a single motor.
  • the valve B of the valves 66, 66 may be arranged to draw air from the atmosphere when the discharge of the blower 65 is vented, as during deodorizing or during the predry operation.
  • suitable cooling means may be provided to maintain the temperature of the sol vent below a designated temperature. in this regard, it has been found that an excessive amount of dye bleed nay be prevented. by maintaining the temperature of the solvent below 75 F.
  • suitable solvent cooling means such as a cooling coil is shown at 74- in both FlGURES l and 2 regulated by a temperature control means shown at 76 for controlling the refrigeration unit generally shown by numeral 76a, it being understood that the cooling means could be a cold water system or a refrigeration system.
  • the cooling coil "M could be in either, or both, the filtered solvent tank 28a or the unfiltered solvent tank 23b, as schematically illustrated herein.
  • the top contact of the cam C4 regulates the solvent coolor control heretofore identified at 76, while the bottom contact of the cam Cd regulates a centrifuge or spin control shown at 77.
  • the spin control 77 can constitute any speed changer mechanism or transmission required to change the speed of operation of drum contained within the machine 5 from a tumbling speed to a centrifuging speed.
  • the top contact of the cam C5 operates to control the regulator 51 of the dispenser 5 31, while the bottom contact of the cam C5 controls the dump valve 43 associated with the filter apparatus 19.
  • the top contact of the cam C6 controls the regulator 54- of the dispenser 53, while the bottom contact of the cam 6 controls a regulator such as a valve 80 (FIGURE 5) associated with th solvent condenser 69.
  • This condensing system could be, for example, either a cold water or refrigeration system.
  • the cam C7 controls the energization of the pump motor 17 and as previously noted, the cam C8 controls the operation of the blower motor 64.
  • the time operation for one complete cycle of the dry cleaner apparatus or fluid flow system of the present invention can be broken down into five distinct cycle parts or periods. Such parts are the predry, wash, extraction, dry and deodorizing periods. Whenever the dry cleaner of the present invention is started in a new cycle, all of the dry cleaning solvent will have been completely filtered and the filter elements of the filter 2w will be completely free of filter aid material constituted by the additives dispensed through the dispensing means 50 and 53. Thus, the complete cycle of the dry cleaner may be referred to in connection with the events occurring in each of the individual cycle parts:
  • Predry The predry portion of the complete cycle is provided to dry out the excess moisture in woolen articles that usually make up the load to be dry cleaned. This is done to keep the moisture level at a point where a maximum relative humidity within the system of 75% will not be exceeded. it has been discovered that at relative humidities over 75%, intolerable shrinkage and wrinkling will occur in dry cleaned woolen articles.
  • the predry period is achieved by placing the articles in the cylinder of the machine 1% and tumbling the same while operating the air circulating system and temperatLil6-C0nditlOIllI1g the stream of air circulated through the treatment zone.
  • the air flow for the predry cycle can be effected by taking air from the atmosphere through the valve 663 and passing the same over the heater 63 through the machine and out through the blower 65 for discharge through the valve doA to the atmosphere as at 67. It will be appreciated that with a high room relative humidity, the air flow path could be changed so the air would be recirculated through a closed air circuit and through the condenser 69.
  • the pump 14 begins to take solvent from the tank means, either the filtered solvent tank compartment 28a of FIGURE 1, or the tank 4% of FIGURE 2 and the solvent thus pressurized by the pump 14 is discharged through the uncoated filter elements 19a of the filter apparatus 19 and back into the tank 27 or tank 40 through the conduit 26, as regulated by the pressure control relief valve 27.
  • the dispenser actuator Si or the dispenser 50 will be energized and a quantity of filter aid such as diatomaceous earth is injected into the filtered solvent tank 28a or into the conduit 41 from where it is pumped to the filter elements.
  • filter aid such as diatomaceous earth
  • the second event that takes place during the predry period is the cooling of the solvent by the cooling coil 74.
  • the temperature of the solvent may be maintained below the maximum level of 75. Both of such events may take place in a relatively short time so as to be completed by the end of the predry cycle.
  • the length of the predry cycle can be controlled by timer means, for example, over the length of five timer intervals, as shown in the program schedule of FIGURE 3, or by suitable humidity control means associated with the presettable sequential controller t in order to limit the length of the predry period to only such amount of time as may be necessary to remove the required amount of moisture from the load.
  • This relative humidity control also provides a means for maintaining a high enough relative humidity to secure better cleansing of fabrics.
  • the dry cleaning machine After the completion of the predry cycle, the dry cleaning machine will go into the wash cycle. At this time, the air heaters 63 are turned off and the valve 24 is opened so that the dry cleaning solvent discharged from the filter 19 through the conduit 22 will be directed through the conduit 23 into the machine 5 for condition ing contact with the load of tumbling materials in the drum in of the machine 5.
  • the two-way valve is also operated so the pump 14 will draw dry cleaning solvent out of the unfiltered solvent tank compartment 23b, instead of from the filtered tank compartment 23a.
  • the pump 7.4 always draws its supply of dry cleaning solvent from the tank 4@.
  • Solvent collected in sump 13 of the machine 5 in the case of both FIGURES 1 and 2 will be gravitationally drained back to the tank means designated as the unfiltered solvent tank compartment 28b in the arrangement of FTGURE 1 and the tank 4t in the arrangement of FIGURE 2.
  • the actuator 5'4 of the dispenser 53 is energized so that additional additive is injected into the fluid flow system.
  • additional additive For exam le, activated carbon and adsorptive magnesia may be injected into the system, thereby to remove dyes and fatty acids from the solvent, which impurities are then removed from the system by the filter elements in the filter apparatus 19.
  • ad ditional body feed such as diatomaceous earth is dispensed into the system from dispenser 53 to perserve the porosity of the filter cake or filter elements 19a.
  • the heaters as may also be energized during the extraction cycle to preheat the system and to thereby promote a shortened drying period.
  • the timer motor at will energize and actuate the necessary components to energize the heating element 63 and also to condition the air flow system by suitable actuation of the valves es, as (A and B) to provide an air flow path through the solvent condenser 69.
  • dry cleaning solvent may be reclaimed from the air stream and restored to the hydraulic circuit or fluid flow system of the present invention.
  • the solventdaden dry air passes through the condenser 6%, it will be condensed out and directed through the conduit 7% back into the tank 4% of FIG- URE 2 or the unfiltered solvent tank compartment 28b in the arrangement of FIGURE 1.
  • the solvent circulation pump 14 is stopped by deenergization of the pump motor 17. Back flow of solvent and filter additives from the filter apparatus 19 through conduit it? is prevented by check valve 18a in conduit Thus, circulation of dry cleaning solvent through the hydraulic circuit is stopped.
  • the sediment trap 44 at the bottom of the filter 19 will allow the solvent to go back into the unfiltered solvent tank 28b (in accordance with the arrangement of FIGURE 1) or into the tank id (in accordance with the arrangement of FIG- URE 2) and the soil and filter coatings will be trapped within the sediment container 44a for periodic removal via the access means 46. After the filter element dumping period, the machine will continue in its normal timer controlled dry cycle with no further fluid recirculation.
  • conduit 22. extends downwardly into the filter assembly 19 through the outlet 21 well past the top wall of filter assembly 19.
  • the cleaning fluid circulating through the filter assembly 19 will be prevent from completely filling the upper portion of filter assembly 19 by reason of the air pocket or air cushion existing at the top of assembly 19 due to the air bell effect caused by the relative positioning of the lower end of conduit 22. with respect to the top wall of the filter assembly 1%.
  • This air cushion will have little or no effect during the cleaning operation as fluid flows through the filter assembly 1) but will have a beneficial efiect during the described backflushing operation when fluid flow is terminated through conduit 18.
  • this cushion of air which has been compressed to the operating fluid pressure existing during the previous filtering operation, will be released against the body of fluid retained within filter assembly 29 at the end of the filtering process with the result that the gravitational backflushing operation will be forcibly assisted by the release of the compressed air trapped within the upper portion of assembly 19. The result will be a more rapid and forceful backflushing operation of filter tubes 1% by the fluid forced through these filter tubes.
  • this air assist concept extends to the use of a compressed air tank (not shown) communicating through a conduit with filter assembly 19 with the application of such compressed air being under the control of a solenoid operated valve which is actuated by sequential controller 60 during the backflushing operation.
  • the timer motor 61 advances the cam of the presettable sequential controller 66 into the deodorizing part of the complete cycle.
  • the heating elements 63 are deenergized and operation of the condenser 6 is stopped.
  • the air flow path is changed by the valves 66, 66 (A and B) whereby air from the atmosphere is circulated through the machine and vented to the atmosphere.
  • the deodorizing step is effective in removing undesirable odors from the load and from the machine.
  • the completion of the deodorizing cycle ends the complete dry cleaning cycle for the batch of materials in the machine 5. Moreover, the entire fluid flow system has been preconditioned so that a new load can be started immediately if desired.
  • the fluid flow system or" the present invention may employ a so-called charged type of dry cleaning solvent in which the solvent includes a suitable quantity of detergent, for example, 1 to 4%. Since the detergent is completely soluble in the dry cleaning solvent, it is not filtered out and, accordingly, a rinse cycle is not needed, thereby permitting the system to go directly from a wash to an extraction cycle.
  • a so-called charged type of dry cleaning solvent in which the solvent includes a suitable quantity of detergent, for example, 1 to 4%. Since the detergent is completely soluble in the dry cleaning solvent, it is not filtered out and, accordingly, a rinse cycle is not needed, thereby permitting the system to go directly from a wash to an extraction cycle.
  • An hydraulic circuit for a dry cleaner apparatus comprising means forming treatment zone in which materials are to be dryc means forming an inlet for said zone through v houid solvent is directed into said zone, means formi outl t at the bottom of the zone through which liquid solvenis drnned from said zone, a filter upstream of said inlet, a first conduit means having a control valve therein connected to said inlet and to said filter, thereby to supply filtered solvent to said Zone when said control valve is open, a second conduit means having a pressure relief valve therein and connected to said filter to automatically receive solvent driven through said filter whenever said control valve is closed, a pump having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, conduit means connecting said pump outlet to said filter, thereby to drive solvent discharged by said pump through said filter, a third conduit means including a solvent tank connected to said pump inlet and to said second conduit thereby to form a solvent reservoir for said pump, fourth means connecting said zone outlet to said solvent tank, a dispenser Well in said solvent tank superjacent said
  • said filter having a trap and dump valve means for gravity dumping soil and used filter additives off said filter elements into said trap in a back-flushing operation upon the termination of solvent flow through said filter.
  • presettable sequential control means and separate control means regulated by said sequential control means and including control means for said pump, said dispenser means, and said control valve, thereby to automatically operate said hydraulic circuit through a programmed cycle of washing and extracting periods.
  • said solvent tank comprising two separate compartments including a first filtered solvent tank compartment in said second conduit means and a second unfiltered tank compartment downstream of said treatment zone, means defining an overflow passageway from said first tank compartment into said second compartment, and conduit means including a two-way valve having separate connections with said two tank compartments and to said pump inlet for selectively discharging solvent from either of said two tank compartments.
  • conduit means forming an hydraulic circuit for a supply of liquid solvent, a pump in said circuit for driving the liquid solvent under increased pressure in the form of a stream, dispenser means connected to the circuit upstream of the pump, and a filter having porous filter elements in the circuit downstream of the pump for removing solvent immiscible components from the stream, said dispenser means adapted to contain a supply of additive material suitable for presenting the filter elements prior to a cleaning operation, thereby to improve the eificiency of said filter, means forming a treatment zone downstream of the filter in which solvent miscible and immiscible impurities are removed during a washing operation for entrainment into the solvent, said conduit means including a bypass circuit to bypass the treatment zone, tank means upstream of said pump inlet and downstream of said filter, said bypass circuit and said treatment zone and forming a solvent reservoir for said circuit, whereby clear filtered solvent is restored to said tank means whenever said treatment Zone is bypassed through said bypass circuit, said tank means comprising two separate tanks
  • a presettable sequential control means and control means regulated thereby to automatically operate said pump, said first and second dispensers and said two-way valve through a cycle of washing and extracting periods.
  • Dry cleaning apparatus for cleaning by programmed seguence of washing, extracting and drying cycles comprising,
  • a nozzle in said circuit for directing the stream of solvent against a tumbling mass of materials to be cleaned, thereby flushing dirt and foreign particles from the materials for introduction and admixture with the solvent to entrain the dirt and foreign particles in the stream,
  • tank means forming a first reservoir pool at a second point in the circuit for collecting the solvent from said one point in the form of an unfiltered pool
  • a pump in the circuit at a third point pressurizing a supply of solvent from the unfiltered pool to drive the stream through the circuit
  • a filter at a fourth point in the circuit clarifying the stream of solvent by separating out the dirt and foreign particles from the stream
  • valve means in said circuit for recycling the clarified stream to said one point
  • said tank means forming a second reservoir pool comprising a filtered solvent pool for collecting the clarified stream
  • valve means for supplying solvent for pressurization at said third point from said filtered pool
  • injection means in the circuit ahead of said fourth point for injecting filter additive suitable for precoating said filter and for adsorbing solvent miscible impurities, thereby to improve the separation of solvent-entrained impurities from the stream.
  • Dry cleaning apparatus as defined in claim 8, and dumping means for selectively gravity-dumping the used filter additives from said filter upon termination of flow through said circuit.
  • Dry cleaning apparatus for cleaning by programmed sequence of Washing extracting and drying cycles, means forming a closed liquid circuit for a stream of liquid solvent, a treatment zone at one point in the circuit, a nozzle in said circuit for directing the stream of solvent against a tumbling mass of materials to be cleaned, thereby flushing dirt and foreign particles from the materials for introduction and admixture with the solvent to entrain the dirt and foreign particles in the stream, tank means forming a first reservoir pool at a second point in the circuit for collecting the solvent from said one point in the form of an unfiltered pool, a pump in the circuit at a third point pressurizing a supply of solvent from the unfiltered pool to drive the stream through the circuit, a filter at a fourth point in the circuit clarifying the stream of solvent by separating out the dirt and foreign particles from the stream, and valve means in said.
  • circuit for recycling the clarified stream to said one point means for bypassing the stream of clarified solvent around said one point, said tank means forming a second reservoir pool comprising a filtered solvent pool for collecting the clarified stream, valve means for supplying solvent for pressurization at said third point from said filtered pool, and means for overflowing excess clarified solvent collected in the filtered pool into the unfiltered pool, whereby the supply of solvent will be reconditioned for a new programmed sequence during the drying cycle.
  • Dry cleaning apparatus comprising, a casing, s. rotatable drum mounted within said casing for receiving and tumbling fabrics to be cleaned, drive means for rotating said drum, a solvent injection nozzle for directing solvent into said casing, filter aid dispensing means, a solvent tank for receiving a supply of solvent and filter aid material, said filter aid dispensing means having an outlet comprising a dispenser well disposed in said tank for admixing the filter aid material with the solvent, a drain opening in said casing communicating with said solvent tank for draining solvent from said casing back into said solvent tank, filter apparatus including a filter surface for filtering said solvent, first conduit means in terconnecting said solvent tank and said filter apparatus, second conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus and said solvent tank, third conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus and said solvent injection nozzle, pump means in said first conduit means for pumping solvent and filter aid material from said solvent tank through said filter apparatus, and control means including pressure operated valve means in said second and motor operated valve means in said third conduit means and sequential control means regulating said valve means
  • Dry cleaning apparatus comprising, a casing, a rotatable perforate drum mounted Within said casing for receiving and tumbling fabrics to be cleaned, drive means for rotating said drum, a solvent injection nozzle for directing solvent into said casing, filter aid dispensing means, a solvent tank for receiving a supply of solvent and filter aid material, said filter aid dispensing means ha ing an outlet in said tank a drain opening in said casing communicating with said solvent tank for continuously draining solvent from said casing back into said solvent tank to prevent accumulation of solvent in said drum thereby to provide at the bottom of said drum a substantially solvent-free rigid impact surface for said fabrics and to minimize soil redeposition on said fabrics during the cleansing of said fabrics, filter apparatus including a perforate filter surface for filtering said solvent, first conduit means interconnecting said solvent tank and said filter apparatus, second conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus and said solvent tank, third conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus and said solvent injection nozzle, pump means in said first conduit means for pumping solvent and filter aid material from said solvent tank through said filter apparatus
  • Dry cleaning apparatus comprising, a casing, a rotatable perforate drum mounted within said casing for receiving and tumbling fabrics to be cleaned, drive means for rotating said drum, a solvent injection nozzle for directing solvent into said drum, a solvent tank for retaining a supply of solvent and filter aid material, a drain opening in said casing communicating with said solvent tank for draining solvent injected into said drum back into said solvent tank, filter apparatus superjacent said solvent tank including a filter surface and a filter housing having a drain outlet communicating with said solvent tank, a dump valve at the bottom of the filter housing normally precluding communication of said filter apparatus with said solvent tank through said drain outlet, a filter aid dump container positioned beneath said filter apparatus for filtering filter aid material from solvent released from said filter apparatus through said dump valve, first conduit means interconnecting said solvent tank and said filter housing on one side of said filter surface, second conduit means interconnecting said filter housing on the other side of said filter surface and said solvent tank, third conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus on the other side of said filter surface and said
  • the invention set forth in claim 13 further including means for automatically applying air back pressure to said filter surface during the backflushing of said filter surface.
  • the invention set forth in claim 13 further including means for automatically trapping and compressing air within said filter apparatus during fluid fiow through said first conduit means and said filter apparatus including an outlet below the level of the top of the filter housing to form an air cushion at the top of the filter housing during normal operation for subsequent release through said filter surface during the backfiushing of said filter surface.
  • Dry cleaning apparatus comprising, a casing, a rotatable perforate drum mounted within said casing for receiving and tumbling fabrics to be cleaned, drive means for rotating said drum, a solvent injection nozzle for diresting solvent into said drum, filter aid dispensing means,
  • a solvent tank for retaining a supply of solvent and filter aid material, a drain opening in said casing communicating with said solvent tank for continuously draining solvent injected into said drum back into said solvent tank,
  • filter apparatus including a filter surface and a drain outlet communicating with said solvent tank, a dump valve in said drain outlet normally precluding communication of said filter apparatus with said solvent tank through said drain outlet, at filter aid dump container positioned beneath said filter apparatus for filtering filter aid material from solvent released from said filter apparatus through said dump valve, first conduit means interconnecting said solvent tank and said filter apparatus, second conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus and said solvent tank, third conduit means interconnecting said filter apparatus and said solvent injection nozzle, pump means in said first conduit means for pumping solvent from said solvent tank through said filter apparatus, a pressure relief valve in said second conduit means, a control valve in said third conduit means, and control means sequentially controlling said filter aid dispensing means, said control valve and said dump valve and said pump means for automatically circulating solvent fiowing from said filter apparatus first through said pressure relief valve and said second conduit means to precoat said filter surface with said filter aid material and then subsequently through said control valve and said third conduit means to effect a cleansing of said fabrics with filtered solvent and then finally to terminate solvent flow through said filter apparatus

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Accessory Of Washing/Drying Machine, Commercial Washing/Drying Machine, Other Washing/Drying Machine (AREA)
US22904A 1960-04-18 1960-04-18 Dry cleaning apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3066519A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL124358D NL124358C (zh) 1960-04-18
NL263617D NL263617A (zh) 1960-04-18
US22904A US3066519A (en) 1960-04-18 1960-04-18 Dry cleaning apparatus
DE19611410851 DE1410851A1 (de) 1960-04-18 1961-03-15 Trockenreinigungsgeraet
GB13842/61A GB915500A (en) 1960-04-18 1961-04-17 Dry cleaning apparatus
FR859084A FR1290446A (fr) 1960-04-18 1961-04-18 Appareil de nettoyage à sec
DK157361AA DK107088C (da) 1960-04-18 1961-04-18 Anlæg til kemisk rensning.
AT306261A AT242084B (de) 1960-04-18 1961-04-18 Maschine zum Chemisch-Reinigen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22904A US3066519A (en) 1960-04-18 1960-04-18 Dry cleaning apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3066519A true US3066519A (en) 1962-12-04

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ID=21812030

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US22904A Expired - Lifetime US3066519A (en) 1960-04-18 1960-04-18 Dry cleaning apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3066519A (zh)
AT (1) AT242084B (zh)
DE (1) DE1410851A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK107088C (zh)
GB (1) GB915500A (zh)
NL (2) NL124358C (zh)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3163028A (en) * 1962-01-26 1964-12-29 Whirlpool Co Automatic dry cleaning machine and combined fluid filter and vapor condenser
US3168178A (en) * 1961-03-23 1965-02-02 Whirlpool Co Coin meter and last load circuitry for a dry cleaner
US3199679A (en) * 1962-08-15 1965-08-10 Jr Bert Montgomery Salyer Filter system for dry cleaning solvents
US3201346A (en) * 1962-09-10 1965-08-17 Lloyd A Ottomeyer Device and method for cleaning cleaner's solvent
US3203209A (en) * 1963-07-31 1965-08-31 Gen Motors Corp Dry cleaning apparatus
US3206950A (en) * 1963-02-25 1965-09-21 Space Corp Dry cleaning system
US3222896A (en) * 1962-12-06 1965-12-14 Engelhard Hanovia Inc Dry cleaning machine
US3235489A (en) * 1963-06-03 1966-02-15 Johns Manville Process of removing iron from water
US3250098A (en) * 1964-02-12 1966-05-10 Whirlpool Co Dry cleaner fluid circuit
US3250097A (en) * 1963-07-31 1966-05-10 Mc Graw Edison Co Dry cleaning machine
US3259571A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-07-05 Johns Manville Method for removing iron from water
US3391550A (en) * 1962-05-28 1968-07-09 L T Ind Inc Drycleaning machine
US4793938A (en) * 1986-11-18 1988-12-27 Dayton James E Method and apparatus for decontaminating dry cleaning fluid and filters
US7275400B2 (en) * 2000-06-05 2007-10-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Washing apparatus
US8015726B2 (en) * 2005-06-23 2011-09-13 Whirlpool Corporation Automatic clothes dryer
US8042284B2 (en) * 2006-10-09 2011-10-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Heating system, drying machine having the heating system, and method of controlling the heating system
US8863401B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2014-10-21 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Household laundry dryer condensate filtering apparatus and method
CN107906544A (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-04-13 王汉 一种喷漆烤漆烘干阶段废气的节能环保循环式处理方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103225100B (zh) * 2013-04-23 2015-06-17 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 电镀液过滤净化装置及方法

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US2547277A (en) * 1947-07-28 1951-04-03 Herbert H Marsh Filter washing system
US2630694A (en) * 1949-02-16 1953-03-10 American Laundry Mach Co Dry cleaning system
US2646674A (en) * 1951-05-08 1953-07-28 Arley A Spell Filter-aid dispenser
US2660869A (en) * 1951-10-23 1953-12-01 Aurora Res Ind Inc Dry cleaning apparatus
US2681556A (en) * 1949-01-08 1954-06-22 American Laundry Mach Co Dry cleaning machine
US2828862A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-04-01 American Laundry Mach Co Filtration and solvent separating system
FR1154581A (fr) * 1955-07-15 1958-04-11 Bohler & Weber K G Machine pour le nettoyage chimique des matières textiles
US2928268A (en) * 1956-08-03 1960-03-15 Western Laundry Machinery Comp Cleaning system with automatic by-pass
US2966052A (en) * 1955-11-17 1960-12-27 Whirlpool Co Laundry machine and method
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2130817A (en) * 1935-08-16 1938-09-20 American Laundry Mach Co Garment cleaning system
US2547277A (en) * 1947-07-28 1951-04-03 Herbert H Marsh Filter washing system
US2681556A (en) * 1949-01-08 1954-06-22 American Laundry Mach Co Dry cleaning machine
US2630694A (en) * 1949-02-16 1953-03-10 American Laundry Mach Co Dry cleaning system
US2646674A (en) * 1951-05-08 1953-07-28 Arley A Spell Filter-aid dispenser
US2660869A (en) * 1951-10-23 1953-12-01 Aurora Res Ind Inc Dry cleaning apparatus
US2828862A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-04-01 American Laundry Mach Co Filtration and solvent separating system
FR1154581A (fr) * 1955-07-15 1958-04-11 Bohler & Weber K G Machine pour le nettoyage chimique des matières textiles
US2979375A (en) * 1955-08-10 1961-04-11 Detrex Chem Ind Dry-cleaning apparatus and methods of operation
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3168178A (en) * 1961-03-23 1965-02-02 Whirlpool Co Coin meter and last load circuitry for a dry cleaner
US3163028A (en) * 1962-01-26 1964-12-29 Whirlpool Co Automatic dry cleaning machine and combined fluid filter and vapor condenser
US3391550A (en) * 1962-05-28 1968-07-09 L T Ind Inc Drycleaning machine
US3199679A (en) * 1962-08-15 1965-08-10 Jr Bert Montgomery Salyer Filter system for dry cleaning solvents
US3201346A (en) * 1962-09-10 1965-08-17 Lloyd A Ottomeyer Device and method for cleaning cleaner's solvent
US3222896A (en) * 1962-12-06 1965-12-14 Engelhard Hanovia Inc Dry cleaning machine
US3259571A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-07-05 Johns Manville Method for removing iron from water
US3206950A (en) * 1963-02-25 1965-09-21 Space Corp Dry cleaning system
US3235489A (en) * 1963-06-03 1966-02-15 Johns Manville Process of removing iron from water
US3203209A (en) * 1963-07-31 1965-08-31 Gen Motors Corp Dry cleaning apparatus
US3250097A (en) * 1963-07-31 1966-05-10 Mc Graw Edison Co Dry cleaning machine
US3250098A (en) * 1964-02-12 1966-05-10 Whirlpool Co Dry cleaner fluid circuit
US4793938A (en) * 1986-11-18 1988-12-27 Dayton James E Method and apparatus for decontaminating dry cleaning fluid and filters
US7275400B2 (en) * 2000-06-05 2007-10-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Washing apparatus
US8015726B2 (en) * 2005-06-23 2011-09-13 Whirlpool Corporation Automatic clothes dryer
US8042284B2 (en) * 2006-10-09 2011-10-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Heating system, drying machine having the heating system, and method of controlling the heating system
US8863401B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2014-10-21 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Household laundry dryer condensate filtering apparatus and method
CN107906544A (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-04-13 王汉 一种喷漆烤漆烘干阶段废气的节能环保循环式处理方法
CN107906544B (zh) * 2018-01-03 2019-04-23 王汉 一种喷漆烤漆烘干阶段废气的节能环保循环式处理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1410851A1 (de) 1969-10-02
GB915500A (en) 1963-01-16
DK107088C (da) 1967-04-24
NL124358C (zh)
NL263617A (zh)
AT242084B (de) 1965-08-25

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