US3066383A - Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof - Google Patents
Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US3066383A US3066383A US640094A US64009457A US3066383A US 3066383 A US3066383 A US 3066383A US 640094 A US640094 A US 640094A US 64009457 A US64009457 A US 64009457A US 3066383 A US3066383 A US 3066383A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- glass fibers
- percent
- fibers
- yarn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N (12s,15r)-15-hydroxy-11,16-dioxo-15,20-dihydrosenecionan-12-yl acetate Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@](CC)(O)C[C@@H](C)[C@](C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000718541 Tetragastris balsamifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009986 fabric formation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruwenine Natural products O1C(=O)C(CC)(O)CC(C)C(C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
- C03C25/32—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C03C25/323—Polyesters, e.g. alkyd resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/06—Unsaturated polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/08—Polyesters modified with higher fatty oils or their acids, or with resins or resin acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/507—Polyesters
- D06M15/51—Unsaturated polymerisable polyesters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
- Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
- Y10S260/19—Non-high polymeric antistatic agents/n
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2907—Staple length fiber with coating or impregnation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
Definitions
- composition applied to the glass fiber surfaces in yarn formation impart sufiicient bonding between the fibers to provide a desired mass integrity for holding the fibers together in the warn but without conflicting with the ability to draft the endless sliver in yarn formation.
- the cure is so slow as to introduce further complications into the processing steps. Still further, the bodied oils have been found to be somewhat insufi icient from the standpoint of strength and abrasion resistance in the yarns that are formed.
- the desired improvement in a treating composition embodying the characteristics of a size and of a finish for use as a single treating composition for staple glass fibers in the formation of twisted and plied yarns and fabrics formed thereof can be accomplished by the formulation of a composition which contains a curable, oil modified resinous material in an intermediate stage of polymeric growth.
- a resin forming material in a bodied and intermediate stage of polymeric growth it is preferred to make use of an oil modified alkyd resin such as is formed by condensation reaction of a polybasic acid with a polyhydric alcohol but it is preferred to make use of the condensation polymerization product of a dibasic acid With a dihydric alcohol.
- the dibasic acid may be selected of pythalic acid sebacic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid
- the dihydric alcohol can be selected of glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like.
- the composition of the alkyd or polyester resin is formed of saturated dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols, cure will occur chiefly through the oil used to modify the alkyd or polyester resin.
- an oil containing unsaturated ethylenic groups as represented by linseed oil, soybean oil, China-wood oil, isoline, perilla oil, oiticia oil, and the like.
- oil modified alkyd or polyester resins which can be employed in the practice of this invention are such materials as are marketed by Archer-Daniels Midland Company under the tradename Aroplaz 1400 or Aroplaz 1271 which are glycol-phthalic acid or anhydride resins modified with soybean, linseed or cocoanut oil.
- Epoxy resins, prefer- 53 ably similarly modified with oils and plasticizers, may be used.
- the resinous component is not soluble in water and is therefore incorporated preferably as an emulsified phase in water in formulation of the treating composition. It will be understood, however, that solvent solutions of the oil modified resinous material may be employed. For application onto the staple glass fibers to provide the combination of a size and finish, it is desirable to formulate the treating composition with an amount of resin ranging from 4-25 percent by weight.
- Use can be made of various surface active agents for emulsification and for producing a stable emulsion or dispersion of the oil modified resinous material in an aqueous system.
- surface active agents as aryl alkyl polyether alcohols, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, or other comparable emulsifying agents, preferably of the nonionic type.
- the surface active agent or emulsifying agent may be employed in a concentration within the range of 0.1-1.0 percent by weight.
- the treating composition can be further modified by the addition of a humectant as represented by sorbitan mono-oleate, sorbitan mono-palmitate, sorbitan monostearate, or the polyoxyethylene derivatives thereof, as well as other equivalent humectants.
- a humectant as represented by sorbitan mono-oleate, sorbitan mono-palmitate, sorbitan monostearate, or the polyoxyethylene derivatives thereof, as well as other equivalent humectants.
- the humectant may be present in the treating composition in an amount within the range of 0.1-2.0 percent by weight.
- Humectants including ethylene oxide condensates such as carbowaxes, combinations of ethylene and propylene oxide condensates such as the Ucon oils, and ethylene oxide condensates of amides, amines and other active hydrogen compounds are used.
- an anti-static agent as represented by cationic amine or amide compounds preferably in the form of fatty acid amines or amides, as represented by the material marketed by Nopco Chemical Company under the tradename Konrite.
- the anti-static agents when employed in the treating composition, can be present in an amount within the range of 0.1-2.0 percent by weight.
- Anti-static agents which are used also include ethylene oxide condensates and modified urea and epoxy resins containing quaternary ammonium groups.
- Example 1 10.0 percent by weight of a soybean oil modified phthalic acid-glycol resin 1.0 percent by weight of a cationic amide anti-static agent (Konrite A anti-static oil-marketed by Nopco Chemical Company) 0.5 percent by weight of an emulsifying agent (Triton 0.5 percent by weight sorbitan mono-oleate 88.0 percent by weight Water
- Example 2 20.0 percent by Weight oil modified alkyd resin (Aroplaz 1400-Archer-Daniels Midland Company) 3.0 percent by Weight fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol emulsifying agent 77.0 percent by weight water
- Example 3 5.0 percent by weight oil modified alkyd resin 0.5 percent by weight anionic emulsifying agent 3.0 percent by weight anti-static agent 91.5 percent by weight water
- Example 4 10.0 percent by weight oil modified alkyd resin (Aroplaz l27lArcher-Daniels Midland Company) 1.0 percent by weight anti-static oil (Konrite A) 0.5 percent by weight aryl alkyl polyhydr
- the drawn slivers should be air dried prior to twisting or plying to form yarns.
- the resinous component of the size composition should be advanced to a cured stage by heating as to a temperature within the range of 250-400 F. for a time sufficient to advance the oil modified resin to the cured stage. Lower temperatures can be used and when a catalyst is employed, air curing may be utilized.
- a yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces embodying a resinous filmforming component consisting essentially of an unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin and containing an emulsifying agent and in which the materials are present in the ratio of 4-25 parts by weight of the alkyd resin to 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of the emulsifying agent.
- a glass fiber yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a size composition on the glass fiber surfaces comprising an aqueous system in which the resinous film-forming component consists essentially of an unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin present in an amount Within the range of 4-25 percent by weight of the size composition and which, contains an emulsifying agent present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the size composition, and an anti-static agent present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight.
- a yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces the resinous component of which consists essentially of an oil modifying alkyd resin and which contains an emulsifying agent, an anti-static agent and a humectant in which the materials are present in the ratio of 4-25 parts by weight of the alkyd resin, 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of the emulsifying agent, 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of the anti-static agent and 0.1 to 1.0 of the humectant.
- a glass fiber yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a size composition on the glass fiber surfaces comprising an aqueous system in which the resinous filmforrning component consists essentially of an unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin present in an amount within the range of 4-25 percent by weight of the size composition and which contains an emulsifying agent present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by Weight of the size composition and a humectant present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the size composition.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Qfifice Patented Dec. 41, 1962 3, l66,383 lFEhllSH FUR STAPLE GLASS FIBERS AND YARNS hlAh-JUFAQTURED THEREQF Alfred Marzocchi, Pawtnchet, RR, and Gerald E. Rammel, North Attleboro, and tClarenc-e W. (Charon, South Attlehoro, Masa, assignors to (havens-(Corning lFiberglas Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Feb. 14, 1957, Ser. No. d ithllfi'd 7 Claims. (til. zsss This invention is addressed to the manufacture of yarns formed of staple glass fibers and more particularly to a new and improved finish for application to staple glass fibers and yarns formed thereof.
In the manufacture of fabrics of glass fibers, such as textile fabrics formed of strands, yarns, threads and the like, it is important to provide a coating which serves as a finish on the glass fiber surfaces to provide abrasion resistance and fiexural strength while at the same time imparting an attractive appearance, colorability, hand, feel, and good draping qualities to the glass fibers and fabrics formed thereof. Various materials have, to the present, been formulated into finishes applied to strands and yarns formed to continuous glass fibers to improve bond and processing characteristics from the standpoint of hand and feel, color retention characteristics, abrasion resistance, flexural strength, and the like. Very often these finishing compositions can be employed in the treatment of the glass fibers in forming to replace the usual size applied to the glass fiber surfaces. More often, they are applied to the glass fibers after sizing or after the size originally applied has been removed as by means of a Wash or a heat cleaning process.
The characteristics demanded of a finish for continuous or textile fibers of glass differ somewhat from the properties which are important in the treatment of staple glass fibers in the formation of yarns and fabrics and the like. In staple glass fiber systems, where the discontinuous glass fibers are gathered into an endless sliver which is drafted lengthwise to achieve the desired interfelting and integrity for yarn formation, it is desirable to apply a composition onto the glass fiber surfaces that will permit the desired amount of relative endwise movement between the fibers in drafting to form the warn but which will, at the same time, protect the glass fiber surfaces against deterioration by mutual abrasion, and which will impart sufficient drag to militate against separation of the sliver or uncontrolled dilution of the concentration of fibers in any cross section of the yarn that is formed during drafting. In addition, it is desirable that the composition applied to the glass fiber surfaces in yarn formation impart sufiicient bonding between the fibers to provide a desired mass integrity for holding the fibers together in the warn but without conflicting with the ability to draft the endless sliver in yarn formation.
These desirable characteristics of balance between lubricity and bonding in yarn formation must be compatible with the ability of the composition applied to the glass fiber surfaces to impart a desirable finish to the glass fibers and yarns while bonding the fibers in the twisted or plied yarns to minimize fuzziness and to impart integrity to the fibers in the yarn to maximize strength while imparting good hand, feel, color retention and wash-fastness characteristics.
The materials which, to the present, have appeared as the likely candidates for sizing and finishing staple glass fibers in the drafting of the slivers and in the formation of twisted and plied yarns have been the bodied oils, as represented by polymerized linseed oil and the like. However, these materials are difficult to control from the standpoint of the body and cure and, in general,
the cure is so slow as to introduce further complications into the processing steps. Still further, the bodied oils have been found to be somewhat insufi icient from the standpoint of strength and abrasion resistance in the yarns that are formed.
It is an object of this invention to produce yarns of staple glass fibers having improved processing and performance characteristics, and it is a related object to provide a new and improved composition for use in the finishing of staple glass fibers.
More specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide a treating composition for use in application to staple glass fibers preferably after the fibers have been formed into an endless sliver but prior to drafting of the sliver to impart the desired balance between lubricity and bonding and to improve the processing characteristics of the sliver in yarn formation; which holds the fibrous elements together in the silver and imparts a desired drag with respect to the relative endwise movements between the fibers while still permitting an amount of relative movement for drafting, twistin and plying the fibers in yarn formation; which protects the glass fibers as a size against destruction by mutual abrasion during relative movements of the glass fibers and further protects the glass fibers as a finish against destruction by abrasion of the finished yarn and fabric thereby to impart a desirable degree of abrasion resistance to the textile fabric formed of the staple fibers; which is capable of rapid and controlled advancement toward cure for holding the fibers together in the formed yarn to minimize fuzziness or separation of the fibers in the yarn and in the fabric formed thereof; which is capable also of functioning as a finish on the glass fiber yarns and fabrics to impart good color-ability and color retention under the condi tions to which the fibers will be exposed in use, to impart good band and feel, good softness and draping characteristics, and to impart an attractive appearance and life to the fabric that is formed of the treated yarns.
In accordance with the practice of this invention, the desired improvement in a treating composition embodying the characteristics of a size and of a finish for use as a single treating composition for staple glass fibers in the formation of twisted and plied yarns and fabrics formed thereof can be accomplished by the formulation of a composition which contains a curable, oil modified resinous material in an intermediate stage of polymeric growth. As a resin forming material in a bodied and intermediate stage of polymeric growth, it is preferred to make use of an oil modified alkyd resin such as is formed by condensation reaction of a polybasic acid with a polyhydric alcohol but it is preferred to make use of the condensation polymerization product of a dibasic acid With a dihydric alcohol.
The dibasic acid may be selected of pythalic acid sebacic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid, and the dihydric alcohol can be selected of glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like. When, as is preferred, the composition of the alkyd or polyester resin is formed of saturated dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols, cure will occur chiefly through the oil used to modify the alkyd or polyester resin. For this purpose, it is desirable to make use of an oil containing unsaturated ethylenic groups as represented by linseed oil, soybean oil, China-wood oil, isoline, perilla oil, oiticia oil, and the like. Representative of the oil modified alkyd or polyester resins which can be employed in the practice of this invention are such materials as are marketed by Archer-Daniels Midland Company under the tradename Aroplaz 1400 or Aroplaz 1271 which are glycol-phthalic acid or anhydride resins modified with soybean, linseed or cocoanut oil. Epoxy resins, prefer- 53 ably similarly modified with oils and plasticizers, may be used.
The resinous component is not soluble in water and is therefore incorporated preferably as an emulsified phase in water in formulation of the treating composition. It will be understood, however, that solvent solutions of the oil modified resinous material may be employed. For application onto the staple glass fibers to provide the combination of a size and finish, it is desirable to formulate the treating composition with an amount of resin ranging from 4-25 percent by weight.
Use can be made of various surface active agents for emulsification and for producing a stable emulsion or dispersion of the oil modified resinous material in an aqueous system. For this purpose, use may be made of such surface active agents as aryl alkyl polyether alcohols, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, or other comparable emulsifying agents, preferably of the nonionic type. When employed, the surface active agent or emulsifying agent may be employed in a concentration within the range of 0.1-1.0 percent by weight.
The treating composition can be further modified by the addition of a humectant as represented by sorbitan mono-oleate, sorbitan mono-palmitate, sorbitan monostearate, or the polyoxyethylene derivatives thereof, as well as other equivalent humectants. When employed, the humectant may be present in the treating composition in an amount within the range of 0.1-2.0 percent by weight. Humectants including ethylene oxide condensates such as carbowaxes, combinations of ethylene and propylene oxide condensates such as the Ucon oils, and ethylene oxide condensates of amides, amines and other active hydrogen compounds are used.
Further to improve the performance characteristics and to avoid the interference of static in yarn and fabric formation, it is desirable to formulate the treating composition With an anti-static agent as represented by cationic amine or amide compounds preferably in the form of fatty acid amines or amides, as represented by the material marketed by Nopco Chemical Company under the tradename Konrite. The anti-static agents, when employed in the treating composition, can be present in an amount within the range of 0.1-2.0 percent by weight. Anti-static agents which are used also include ethylene oxide condensates and modified urea and epoxy resins containing quaternary ammonium groups.
The following formulations are representative of treating compositions which can be employed in the practice of this invention:
Example 1 10.0 percent by weight of a soybean oil modified phthalic acid-glycol resin 1.0 percent by weight of a cationic amide anti-static agent (Konrite A anti-static oil-marketed by Nopco Chemical Company) 0.5 percent by weight of an emulsifying agent (Triton 0.5 percent by weight sorbitan mono-oleate 88.0 percent by weight Water Example 2 20.0 percent by Weight oil modified alkyd resin (Aroplaz 1400-Archer-Daniels Midland Company) 3.0 percent by Weight fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol emulsifying agent 77.0 percent by weight water Example 3 5.0 percent by weight oil modified alkyd resin 0.5 percent by weight anionic emulsifying agent 3.0 percent by weight anti-static agent 91.5 percent by weight water Example 4 10.0 percent by weight oil modified alkyd resin (Aroplaz l27lArcher-Daniels Midland Company) 1.0 percent by weight anti-static oil (Konrite A) 0.5 percent by weight aryl alkyl polyhydric alcohol (Triton X-) 0.5 percent by weight sorbitan mono-palmitate 88.0 percent by weight water The materials may be incorporated by conventional procedures in the manufacture of the aqueous emulsion to form a stable treating composition. Application may be made to the glass fibers as they are rained down from above for collection onto a rotating drum to form the sliver or else the treating composition may be applied to the sliver prior to drafting as by the process described in the copending application Serial No. 344,362, filed on March 24, 1953, now US. Patent No. 2,780,909.
The drawn slivers should be air dried prior to twisting or plying to form yarns. After yarn formation, the resinous component of the size composition should be advanced to a cured stage by heating as to a temperature within the range of 250-400 F. for a time sufficient to advance the oil modified resin to the cured stage. Lower temperatures can be used and when a catalyst is employed, air curing may be utilized.
it will be understood that modifications may be made with respect to the materials, their formulation and method of application without departing from the spirit of the invention, especially as defined in the following claims.
We claim:
1. A yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces embodying a resinous filmforming component consisting essentially of an unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin and containing an emulsifying agent and in which the materials are present in the ratio of 4-25 parts by weight of the alkyd resin to 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of the emulsifying agent.
2. A glass fiber yarn as claimed in claim 1 in which the unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin is formed by the condensation reaction of a diabasic alcohol with a di basic acid.
3. A glass fiber yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a size composition on the glass fiber surfaces comprising an aqueous system in which the resinous film-forming component consists essentially of an unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin present in an amount Within the range of 4-25 percent by weight of the size composition and which, contains an emulsifying agent present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the size composition, and an anti-static agent present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight.
4. A yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a coating on the glass fiber surfaces the resinous component of which consists essentially of an oil modifying alkyd resin and which contains an emulsifying agent, an anti-static agent and a humectant in which the materials are present in the ratio of 4-25 parts by weight of the alkyd resin, 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of the emulsifying agent, 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of the anti-static agent and 0.1 to 1.0 of the humectant.
5. A glass fiber yarn as claimed in claim 4 in which the anti-static agent is an oil amide.
6. A glass fiber yarn comprising staple glass fibers and a size composition on the glass fiber surfaces comprising an aqueous system in which the resinous filmforrning component consists essentially of an unsaturated oil modified alkyd resin present in an amount within the range of 4-25 percent by weight of the size composition and which contains an emulsifying agent present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by Weight of the size composition and a humectant present in an amount within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the size composition.
7. A glass fiber yarn as claimed in claim 4 in which the humectant is a sorbitan ester of a fatty acid.
References (Jited in the file of this patent 6 Roesch June 17, 1941 Spanagel July 7, 1942 Biefeld Jan. 15, 1946 Keyes Apr. 18, 1950 Griffin Nov. 9, 1954 Biefeld July 5, 1955 Biefeld et a1 Feb. 12, 1957 Drummond June 18, 1957 Marzocchi et a1 Nov. 29, 1960
Claims (1)
1. A YARN COMPRISING STAPLE GLASS FIBERS AND A COATING ON THE GLASS FIBER SURFACES EMBODYING A RESINOUS FILMFORMING COMPONENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN UNSATURATED OIL MODIFIED ALKYD RESIN AND CONTAINING AN EMULSIFYING AGENT AND IN WHICH TH MATERIALS ARE PRESENT IN THE RATIO OF 4-25 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF THE ALKYD RESIN TO 0.1 TO 1.0 PART BY WEIGHT OF THE EMUSIFYING AGENT.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US640094A US3066383A (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1957-02-14 | Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof |
| DEO5996A DE1127321B (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1958-02-06 | Process for finishing textiles using polyester resins |
| FR1191203D FR1191203A (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1958-02-07 | Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns made from them |
| CH358063D CH358063A (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1958-02-10 | Durable finishing agent for coating glass fibers |
| GB4789/58A GB880909A (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1958-02-13 | An improved finish for application to glass fibres and yarns formed thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US640094A US3066383A (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1957-02-14 | Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3066383A true US3066383A (en) | 1962-12-04 |
Family
ID=24566815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US640094A Expired - Lifetime US3066383A (en) | 1957-02-14 | 1957-02-14 | Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3066383A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH358063A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1127321B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1191203A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB880909A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3249412A (en) * | 1963-03-21 | 1966-05-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method of sizing glass fibers and epoxy resin emulsion therefor |
| US3348368A (en) * | 1964-07-23 | 1967-10-24 | Leesona Corp | Method and apparatus for processing glass yarn |
| US3395527A (en) * | 1964-06-23 | 1968-08-06 | Scandura Inc | Yarn and fabric made therefrom |
| US3446003A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1969-05-27 | Ppg Industries Inc | Glass fiber cord construction |
| US3771305A (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1973-11-13 | Johns Manville | Fiber glass groove packing |
| US4086203A (en) * | 1971-11-12 | 1978-04-25 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Fibers sized with polyester and polyurethane precursors |
| US5203900A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1993-04-20 | Isover Saint-Gobain. "Les Miroirs" | Method of producing discontinuous coated glass fibers |
| CN110927860A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-27 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | Optical fiber with crosslinked secondary coating |
| CN111655646A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-09-11 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | Optical fiber with cross-linked polyester coating |
| US11396476B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2022-07-26 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Optical fibre coated with a polyester coating |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2655328B1 (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1993-07-16 | Saint Gobain Isover | |
| US5998029A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-12-07 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Nonaqueous sizing system for glass fibers and injection moldable polymers |
| US6399198B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2002-06-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Nonaqueous sizing system for glass fibers and injection moldable polymers |
| DK3510004T3 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2022-02-14 | Prysmian Spa | Optical fiber coated with a polyester coating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US2168286A (en) * | 1936-10-10 | 1939-08-01 | Kendall & Co | Wettable material |
| US2245824A (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1941-06-17 | Eraser Company Inc | Method of manufacturing glass rope |
| US2289222A (en) * | 1941-02-14 | 1942-07-07 | Du Pont | Yarn preparation |
| US2392805A (en) * | 1943-10-11 | 1946-01-15 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber strand |
| US2504845A (en) * | 1947-05-21 | 1950-04-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making insulated electrical conductors |
| US2694021A (en) * | 1951-03-30 | 1954-11-09 | Atlas Powder Co | Textile bearing a starch size |
| US2712509A (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1955-07-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber filament strand and method of manufacturing glass fabric |
| US2780909A (en) * | 1953-03-24 | 1957-02-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of forming yarns from staple glass fibers |
| US2795926A (en) * | 1954-02-23 | 1957-06-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing a continuous roving |
| US2961821A (en) * | 1956-12-07 | 1960-11-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for manufacturing bonded fibrous glass slivers |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2533270A (en) * | 1946-11-26 | 1950-12-12 | Interchem Corp | Alkyd resins |
-
1957
- 1957-02-14 US US640094A patent/US3066383A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1958
- 1958-02-06 DE DEO5996A patent/DE1127321B/en active Pending
- 1958-02-07 FR FR1191203D patent/FR1191203A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-02-10 CH CH358063D patent/CH358063A/en unknown
- 1958-02-13 GB GB4789/58A patent/GB880909A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2168286A (en) * | 1936-10-10 | 1939-08-01 | Kendall & Co | Wettable material |
| US2245824A (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1941-06-17 | Eraser Company Inc | Method of manufacturing glass rope |
| US2289222A (en) * | 1941-02-14 | 1942-07-07 | Du Pont | Yarn preparation |
| US2392805A (en) * | 1943-10-11 | 1946-01-15 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber strand |
| US2504845A (en) * | 1947-05-21 | 1950-04-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making insulated electrical conductors |
| US2694021A (en) * | 1951-03-30 | 1954-11-09 | Atlas Powder Co | Textile bearing a starch size |
| US2712509A (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1955-07-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber filament strand and method of manufacturing glass fabric |
| US2780909A (en) * | 1953-03-24 | 1957-02-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of forming yarns from staple glass fibers |
| US2795926A (en) * | 1954-02-23 | 1957-06-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing a continuous roving |
| US2961821A (en) * | 1956-12-07 | 1960-11-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for manufacturing bonded fibrous glass slivers |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3249412A (en) * | 1963-03-21 | 1966-05-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method of sizing glass fibers and epoxy resin emulsion therefor |
| US3395527A (en) * | 1964-06-23 | 1968-08-06 | Scandura Inc | Yarn and fabric made therefrom |
| US3348368A (en) * | 1964-07-23 | 1967-10-24 | Leesona Corp | Method and apparatus for processing glass yarn |
| US3446003A (en) * | 1967-01-03 | 1969-05-27 | Ppg Industries Inc | Glass fiber cord construction |
| US4086203A (en) * | 1971-11-12 | 1978-04-25 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Fibers sized with polyester and polyurethane precursors |
| US3771305A (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1973-11-13 | Johns Manville | Fiber glass groove packing |
| US5203900A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1993-04-20 | Isover Saint-Gobain. "Les Miroirs" | Method of producing discontinuous coated glass fibers |
| US11396476B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2022-07-26 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Optical fibre coated with a polyester coating |
| CN111655646A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-09-11 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | Optical fiber with cross-linked polyester coating |
| CN111655646B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2022-08-12 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | Optical fiber with cross-linked polyester coating |
| US11834367B2 (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2023-12-05 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Optical fibre having a crosslinked polyester coating |
| CN110927860A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-27 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | Optical fiber with crosslinked secondary coating |
| US10775556B2 (en) | 2018-09-19 | 2020-09-15 | PEYSMIAN S.p.A. | Optical fibre having a crosslinked secondary coating |
| CN110927860B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2023-03-31 | 普睿司曼股份公司 | Optical fiber with crosslinked secondary coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH358063A (en) | 1961-11-15 |
| FR1191203A (en) | 1959-10-19 |
| GB880909A (en) | 1961-10-25 |
| DE1127321B (en) | 1962-04-12 |
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