US3066295A - Side-fire helical antenna with conductive support - Google Patents

Side-fire helical antenna with conductive support Download PDF

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Publication number
US3066295A
US3066295A US806838A US80683859A US3066295A US 3066295 A US3066295 A US 3066295A US 806838 A US806838 A US 806838A US 80683859 A US80683859 A US 80683859A US 3066295 A US3066295 A US 3066295A
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conductor
antenna
helical
ribbonlike
radiating
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US806838A
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English (en)
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Lloyd O Krause
Ronald E Fisk
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to GB930382D priority Critical patent/GB930382A/en
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Priority to US806838A priority patent/US3066295A/en
Priority to FR824487A priority patent/FR1254295A/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas of the kind used for the radiation and reception of electromagnetic energy and more particularly to antennas for radiating and receiving high frequency energy having a broad azimuth directivity and wide bandwidth.
  • antenna systems are available which are substantially omnidirectional, their radiation efliciency is limited by the spread in the elevation distribution of the electromagnetic energy.
  • the elevation distribution may be defined as distribution in planes normal to the surface of the earth.
  • Each of the helical antennas disclosed in the cited applications has a cylindrical central conductor with a helical radiating conductor disposed, with a radial separation, about the cylindrical central conductor.
  • a radiating conductor is one which is capable of radiating electromagnetic energy when it is coupled to a source of such energy.
  • an antenna comprising a central conductor and a radiating conductor.
  • the central conducior has a polygonal cross-section.
  • the radiating conductor is developed about the central conductor as a series of axially progressive turns which are radially spaced from the central conductor.
  • a first energization terminal is coupled to the cenlral conductor and a second energize.- tion terminal is coupled to the radiating conductor.
  • the energization terminals are adapted to receive signal energy for radiation by the radiating conductor.
  • the major mode of energy transmission of a side-fire helical antenna follows the path traced out by the radiating conductor. It is this major mode which causes the antennas to side-fire radiate in azimuthally distributed patterns with a minimum of elevation distribution.
  • these antennas may also be considered to be degenerate forms of coaxial transmission lines with the central conductor of the antenna serving as the central conductor of the coaxial transmission line and the radiating conductor serving as a discontinuous outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line.
  • This minor mode does not radiate and attenuate. Therefore, it determines the limit of isolation between the feed and other end of the helix. Thus it limits the ease and degree of self-diplexing or dual-feeding of the antenna.
  • an antenna comprising a ribbonlike conductor extending along the axis of the antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns.
  • a radiating conductor is further provided which extends along the axis of the antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns.
  • the radiating conductor is radially displaced from the ribbonlike conductor with each element of the radiating conductor radially projectable on the ribbonlike conductor.
  • First and second energization terminals are respectively coupled to the ribbonlike conductor and the radiating conductor, and adapted to receive signal energy for'radiation by the radiating conductor.
  • a feature of this aspect of the invention is the construction of the ribbonlike conductor from a substantially flat mesh of conductors.
  • the required size of the antennas is quite large. Since the antennas must be elevated to insure uniform signal reception, it is necessary to support these antennas on very tall masts. However, when the antennas of the invention are employed the mechanical load borne by the mast is much less and, in fact, the mast may be considered as part of the antenna. Furthermore, since the antennas of the invention are skeletal in nature, i.e. there is a min imum of continuous plane surface per unit volume, they oifer a minimum of resistance to the Wind. Consequently the supporting masts require a minimum of bracing. In many uses, standard structural shapes are easily adaptable.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevational view of an antenna structure, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, which permits the radiation of electromagnetic energy having a very large bandwidth;
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna structure taken along the line 2-2 of FIGURE 1 showing the central conductor as triangular in cross-section;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention in which the radiating conductor and the central conductor project as squares on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the antenna;
  • FIGURE 4 is an elevational view of a portion of an antenna structure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention in which the ribbonlike central conductor is a continuous sheet conductor rather than a mesh of conductors as shown in the embodiment of FIGURE 1.
  • Helical antenna systems may be grouped into two characteristic types. side-fire and end-fire.
  • the antenna system is vertically mounted with respect to the earth, and the radiation pattern may be either linearly or circularly polarized. More exactly, the volumetric radiation pattern of the side-fire type is a solid of revolution about the antenna axis of a directive lobe normal to the axis. The radiation from an endfire helical antenna system is concentrated along the axis of the helical antennas. The radiation may also be either circularly or linearly polarized.
  • the side-fire type is particularly useful in television broadcasting and in communication systems where receiving locations are in various directions.
  • the end-fire 4; type is particularly useful for directed communications and in radar systems. i i
  • Side-fire types may be arrayed; that is, a number of helical antennas may be supported end to end along a common axis.
  • the side-fire types when arrayed (stacked) produce a more concentrated radiation pattern in directions normal to the common axis.
  • Each helical antenna comprises a series of single turns or helices.
  • the major mode of radiation dominates; that is, the helical antenna is of the side-fire type.
  • the helical antenna is of the side-fire type. This follows because when the helical turns are substantially an integral number of operating wavelengths in circumference, the radiative currents of each turn are in phase at any discrete azimuth. Hence theyact in concert to cause side-fire radiation, somewhat similar to an in-phase fed echelon array of radiators.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 A single bay antenna system for radiating electromagnetic energy in which two radiating conductors are disposed about a central conductor of polygonal cross-section, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, is shown in FIGURES 1 and 2.
  • the antenna system generally comprises a mast 20 carrying central conductors or ribbonlike elements 22 and 24.
  • the ribbonlike elements 22 and 24 are meshes of conductors.
  • the cross-section of the most 20 is triangular and the projection of the ribbonlike elements 22 and 24 on a plane perpendicular to the axis of mast 20 is a triangle.
  • Insulatively supported bythe mast 20 are radiating helical conductors 26 and 28.
  • a first energization terminal 30 is coupled to the junction of the ends of the ribbonlike elements 22 and 24 at approximately the mid-point of the mast 20.
  • a second energization terminal 31 is coupled to the junction of the helical conductors 26 and 28 adjacent this mid-point.
  • the first and second energization terminals 34 and 31 are respectively connected to the outer and inner conductors of a coaxial line 36 which is connected to one output stage of a transmitter 38.
  • the antenna system will radiate signal energy of a first kind; for example, the video signals of a television transmitter. However, the antenna system is self-diplexing and can simultaneously radiate, for example, both the audio and video signals of a television transmitter.
  • third and fourth energization terminals 32 and 34 are respectively connected to the ends of the helical conductors 26 and 28 near the ends of the mast 20.
  • the third and fourth energization terminals 32 and 34" are con nected in parallel to the central conductor of the coaxial line 44) which is also connected to another output stage of the transmitter 38.
  • the coaxial line would be coupled to the audio output stage.
  • the third and fourth energization terminals are shown near both ends of the mast 20, the mast may extend beyond these points. More particularly, the third and fourth energization terminals are near the electrical ends of the antenna.
  • the ribbonlike element 22 starts near the mid-point of the mast 2t) and extends as a plurality of axially progressive turns toward the top end of the mast 29.
  • the ribbonlike element 24 starts atthis mid-point and extends as a plurality of axially progressive turns toward the bottom of the mast 29.
  • the ribbonlike elements 22 and 24 are preferably joined at the mid-point. It should be noted that the turns are spaced from each other to provide axial discontinuities which suppress the minor or coaxial mode of propagation,
  • the helical conductor 26 extends from the energization terminal 31 as a plurality of axially progressive turns toward the top end of the mast 2t) and the helical conductor 28 similarly extends to the bottom end of the mast 20.
  • Each of the axially progressive turns is, preferably, substantially an integral number of operating wavelengths.
  • the ribbonlike element 22 is in the radial shadow of the helical conductor 26.
  • each element of the helical conductor 26 is radially projectable on the ribbonlike element 22.
  • the ribbonlike element 24 is similarly in the radial shadow of the helical conductor 28. Accordingly, the system may be considered as a radiating transmission line system, the helical conductors 26 and 28 being the radiating transmission lines and the ribbonlike elements 22 and 24 the ground planes.
  • the mast 20 is fixed to a tower 54 braced by guy wires such as guy wire '56.
  • a beacon light 58 and lightning rods 62 and 64 are preferably provided at the top of mast 20'.
  • the mast 28 includes three parallel upright members 42, 43 and 44 axially extending along the entire length. Bracing is provided by the struts or lateral support members 45, 46 and 47. It should be noted that the lateral support members 45, 46 and 47 form the sides of a triangle with the upright members 42, 43 and 44 at the vertices.
  • the ribbonlike element 24 which is identical to the ribbonlike element 22 is comprised of a mesh of longitudinal conductors such as conductor 4'8 and transverse conductors such as conductor 50. The portions of the ribbonlike element 24 between adjacent upright members 42, 43 and 44 are substantially fiat.
  • the helical conductor 28 which is identical to the helical conductor 26 is supported by insulative standofls such as standoff 52. Except for the portion near the energization terminal 31, the helical conductor 28 projects as a circle on a plane perpendicular to the axis of ti e mast 20. It is seen that the spacing between the helical conductor 28 and the ribbonlike element 24 periodically varies between a maximum and a minimum. At the minimums there is a capacitive loading of the antenna. However, it should be noted that when particular non-azimuthally uniform radiation patterns are desired, this projection will be a closed curve having a variable radius of curvature such as an ellipse.
  • the rate of attenuation and the relative percentages of modes of propagation are controlled by the effective radii of curvature of the antenna.
  • the effective radii of curvature are the radius of the helix and the radius of the central cylindrical conductor.
  • the effective radii of curvature are the radius of curvature of the helix and the radius of curvature of a circle having approximately the same area as the polygon.
  • a helix of noncircular turns is employed as the radiatable conductor, its efiective radius of curvature would be approximately equal to the radius of a circle having an area equal to the projected area of the noncircular turn.
  • the effective radius of the central conductor should be greater than sixty percent of the effective radius of the radiating conductor.
  • the video signal is fed from the transmitter 38 via the coaxial line 36 to the energization terminals 3% and 31 where a first pair of waves of electromagnetic energy related to the video signal is launched on the antenna.
  • One wave of electromagnetic energy travels between the helical conductor 26 and the ribbonlike element 22 toward the top end of the mast 20.
  • Another wave of electromagnetic energy travels between the helical conductor 28 and the ribbonlike element 24 toward the bottom end of the mast 2d.
  • the major mode of propagation follows the axially progressive turns of the helical conductors 26 and 28. As the electromagnetic waves progress along these paths of travel there is a progressive radiation into space W1 ich causes an attenuation of the energy content of the waves.
  • the radiated energy is in phase at each azimuth position causing a reinforcement of the radiating energy.
  • the audio signals are fed from the transmitter 38 via the coaxial line 46 ⁇ respectively to the energization terminals 32 and 34.
  • a second pair of electromagnetic waves related to the audio signal is launched on the antenna.
  • One of these Waves travels between the helical conductor 26 and the ribbonlike element 22 toward the center of the mast 20 and the other electromagnetic wave similarly travels between the helical conductor 23 and the ribbonlike element 24 toward the center of the mast 2%. Both waves progressively radiate.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the cross-sectional view of an antenna which is similar to the antenna of FIGURES 1 and 2 except that the radiating conductor 28' and the ribbonlike element 24' each has a projection of a square on a plane perpendicular to the supporting mast. It should be noted that other polygonal projections are equally suitable. The use of other polygonal projections has certain advantages when chosen for certain applications.
  • a preferred directional horizontal pattern may be obtained more easily by using any pattern distortion caused by the shape in complementary fashion with other means for directionalizing, such as short stubs attached directly to the helix.
  • Another advantage accrues when it is desired to place the helix around a structural mast or tower which is already in existence, and modifications to which are difiicult to make.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a portion of an antenna which is similar to the antenna of FIGURES 1 and 2 except that the ribbonlike element 24" is a continuous sheet conductor instead of a mesh of conductors.
  • one feature of the invention by providing a discontinuously variable spacing between the radiating conductor and the central conductor, introduces periodic reactive loading which efiects a dispersive increase in phase velocity with frequency and accordingly enhances the frequency response.
  • the combination of this enhancement with proper radiation attenuation per turn permits construction of the antenna with a more optimum number of turns.
  • the use of ribbonlike elements for the central conductors greatly suppresses the minor coaxial mode of propagation in the antenna thus leading to higher isolation between the energization terminal and the other end of the helix.
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending along the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, said polygon having substantially equal sides, a radiating conductor developed about said central conductor as a plurality of axially progressive turns, a first energization means coupled to said central conductor, a second energization means coupled to said radiating conductor, and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization means for radiation by said radiating conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending along the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis having a triangular cross-section, a radiating conductor developed about said central conductor in the form of a helix, a first energization means coupled to said central conductor, a second energization means coupled to said radiating conductor, and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization means for radiation by said radiating conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending along the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, said polygon having substantially equal sides, a radiating conductor developed about said central conductor, said radiating conductor having a plurality of axially progressive turns of varying radius of curvature, a first energization means coupled to said central conductor, a second energization means coupled to said radiating conductor, and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization means for radiation by said radiating conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending along the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a radiating conductor developed about said central conductor as a plurality of axially progressive turns, a first energization means coupled to said central conductor, a second energization means coupled to one end of said radiating conductor, a third energization means coupled to the other end of said radiating conductor and means for feeding signal energy of a first type to said first and second energization means for radiation by said radiating conductor and signal energy of a second type to said first and third energization means for radiation by said radiating conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending along the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a first radiating conductor developed about said central conductor as a plurality of axially progressive turns extending toward one end of said central conductor, a second radiating conductor developed about said central conductor as a plurality of axially progressive turns extending toward the other end of said central conductor, a first energization means coupled to said central conductor, a second energization means coupled to said first and second radiating conductors, and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization means for radiation by said first and second radiating conductors.
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending along the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a first radiating conductor developed about said central conductor as a plurality of axially progressive turns extending toward one end of said central conductor, a second radiating conductor developed about said central conductor as a plurality of axially progressive turns extending toward the other end of said central conductor, a first energization terminal coupled to said central conductor, a second energization terminal coupled to the ends of said radiating conductors remote from the ends of said central conductor, third and fourth energization terminals respectively connected to the ends of said radiating conductors adjacent the ends of said central conductor, and means for feeding signal energy of a first type to said first and second energization terminals for radiation by said radiating conductors and signal energy of a second type to said first, third and fourth energization terminals for radiation by said radiating
  • An antenna comprising a central conductor extending alorn the axis of said antenna, the projection of said central conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis having a triangular cross-section, a first helical conductor developed in spaced relation about said central conductor, said first helical conductor starting near the mid-point of said central conductor and ending near one end of said central conductor, a second helical conductor developed in spaced relation about said central conductor, said second helical conductor starting near the midpoint and ending near the other end of said central conductor, a first energization terminal coupled to said central conductor, a second energization terminal coupled to the ends of said helical conductors near the mid-point of said central conductor, third and fourth energization terminals respectively coupled to the ends of said helical conductors near the ends of said central conductor and means for feeding signal energy of a first frequency to said first and second energization terminals for radiation by said helical conduct
  • An antenna comprising a ribbonlike conductor extending along the axis of said antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns, the projection of said ribbonlike conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a radiating conductor extending along the axis of said antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns radially displaced from said ribbonlike conductor with each portion of said radiating conductor radially projectable on a portion of said ribbonlike conductor, a first energization means coupled to said ribbonlike conductor, a second energization means coupled to said radiating conductor and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization means for radiation by said radiating conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a ribbonlike element of a substantially flat mesh of conductors extending along the axis of said antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns, the projection of said ribbonlike element on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a radiating conductor extending along the axis of said antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns, said radiating conductor being radially displaced from said ribbonlike element with each portion of said radiating conductor being radially projectable on a portion of said ribbonlike element, a first energization terminal coupled to said ribbonlike element, a second energization terminal coupled to said radiating conductor and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization terminals for radiation by said radiating conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a ribbonlike element extending along the axis of said antenna as a plurality of axially progressive turns, the projection of said ribbonlike element on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a helical conductor extending along the axis of said antenna radially displaced from said ribbonlilte element with each portion of said helical conductor radially projectable on a portion of said ribbonlike element, the projection of said helical conductor on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a similar polygon, a first energization terminal coupled to said ribbonlike element, a second energization terminal coupled to said helical conductor and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energization terminals for radiation by said helical conductor.
  • An antenna comprising a first ribbonlike element extending from a point on the axis of said antenna in one direction as a plurality of axially progressive turns,
  • a second ribbonlilre element of a substantially flat mesh of conductors said second ribbonlike element extending from said point in the opposite direction as a plurality of axially progressive turns, the projection of said first and second ribbonlike elements on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, a first helical conductor developed about said axis, said first helical conductor being radially displaced from said first ribbonlike element with each portion of said first helical conductor being radially projectable on a portion of said first ribbonlike element, a second helical conductor developed about said axis, said second helical conductor being radially displaced from said second ribbonlike element with each portion of said second helical conductor being radially projectable on a portion of said second ribboniike element, a first energization means coupled to said first and second ribbonlike elements, a second energization means coupled to said first and second helical conductors, and means for feeding signal energy to said first and second energ
  • An antenna comprising first and second ribbonlike elements, one end of each of said ribbonlike elements being joined at a point on the axis of said antenna, said ribbonlike elements extending from said point in opposite directions along said axis as axially progressive turns, the projection of said first and second ribbonlike elements on a plane perpendicular to said axis being a polygon, first and second helical conductors disposed about said axis, one end of each of said helical conductors being joined at said point and extending in opposite directions along said axis, said first helical conductor being radially displaced from said first ribbonlike element with each element of said first helical conductor being radially projectable on said first ribbonlike element, said second helical conductor being radially displaced from said second ribbonlike element with each element of said second helical conductor being radially projectable on said second ribbonlike element, a first energization terminal coupled to said first and second ribbonlike elements, a second energization terminal coupled to the junction of said
  • the antenna of claim 18 including third and fourth energization terminals respectively coupled to the ends of said helical conductors remote from said point, and means for feeding signal energy of a second kind to said first, third and fourth energization terminals for radiation by said helical conductors.
  • An antenna comprising a mast, said mast including a plurality of upright members with lateral support members, said upright members defining in a cross-sectional plane of said mast the vertices of a polygon, first and second ribbonlike elements of a substantially flat mesh of conductors disposed on said upright members, each of said ribbonlike elements starting near the mid-point of said mast and extending in opposite axial directions to- Ward the respective ends of said mast, the portions of each of said ribbonlike elements between adjacent upright members defining a substantially straight line, first and second helical conductors disposed about said mast, one end of each of said helical conductors being joined together at said mid-point with said helical conductors extending from the junction toward opposite ends of said mast, said first helical conductor being radially displaced from said first ribbonlike element with each element of said first helical conductor being radially projectable on an element of said first ribbonlike element, said second helical conductor being radially displaced from said second ribbonlike element with each element of said
  • the antenna of claim 20 including third and fourth energization terminals respectively coupled to the ends of said helical conductors remote from said junction, and means for feeding signal energy of a second kind to said first, third and fourth energization terminals for radiation by said helical conductors.

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GB930382D GB930382A (de) 1959-04-16
US806838A US3066295A (en) 1959-04-16 1959-04-16 Side-fire helical antenna with conductive support
FR824487A FR1254295A (fr) 1959-04-16 1960-04-15 Antenne de télévision

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US806838A US3066295A (en) 1959-04-16 1959-04-16 Side-fire helical antenna with conductive support

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3230540A (en) * 1961-06-09 1966-01-18 Sumitomo Electric Industries Spaced helical radiating conductor insulatingly supported along the length of central conductor support
US3629937A (en) * 1966-11-14 1971-12-28 Chevron Res Method of forming a helical antenna
US3641580A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-02-08 Raytheon Co Fractional turn helical antenna
US4342474A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-08-03 Microwave Techniques Waveguide hanger
US8653925B2 (en) 2011-03-03 2014-02-18 Lifewave, Inc. Double helix conductor
US8749333B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2014-06-10 Lifewave, Inc. System configuration using a double helix conductor
US8919035B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2014-12-30 Medical Energetics Ltd Agricultural applications of a double helix conductor
US8961384B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2015-02-24 Medical Energetics Ltd Health applications of a double helix conductor
US9370667B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2016-06-21 Medical Energetics Ltd Double helix conductor for medical applications using stem cell technology
US9463331B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2016-10-11 Medical Energetics Ltd Using a double helix conductor to treat neuropathic disorders
US9504844B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2016-11-29 Medical Energetics Ltd Health applications for using bio-feedback to control an electromagnetic field
US9636518B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-05-02 Medical Energetics Ltd. Nested double helix conductors
US9717926B2 (en) 2014-03-05 2017-08-01 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with eight connectors and counter-rotating fields
US9724531B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-08-08 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with light emitting fluids for producing photobiomodulation effects in living organisms
US9827436B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2017-11-28 Medical Energetics Ltd. Systems and methods to improve the growth rate of livestock, fish, and other animals
US9861830B1 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-01-09 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with winding around core
US10008319B2 (en) 2014-04-10 2018-06-26 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with counter-rotating fields
US10083786B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-09-25 Medical Energetics Ltd. Dual double helix conductors with light sources
US10155925B2 (en) 2015-09-01 2018-12-18 Medical Energetics Ltd. Rotating dual double helix conductors
US10224136B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2019-03-05 Medical Energetics Ltd. Dual double helix conductors used in agriculture

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GB430548A (en) * 1934-06-28 1935-06-20 Baxendale And Company Ltd Improvements in wireless or radio aerials
GB724795A (en) * 1952-02-13 1955-02-23 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to antenna structures
FR1160874A (fr) * 1956-11-21 1958-08-12 Csf Perfectionnements aux antennes directives
US2871478A (en) * 1954-05-22 1959-01-27 Lander Denis Evald Reinhold Antennas

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB430548A (en) * 1934-06-28 1935-06-20 Baxendale And Company Ltd Improvements in wireless or radio aerials
GB724795A (en) * 1952-02-13 1955-02-23 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to antenna structures
US2871478A (en) * 1954-05-22 1959-01-27 Lander Denis Evald Reinhold Antennas
FR1160874A (fr) * 1956-11-21 1958-08-12 Csf Perfectionnements aux antennes directives
US2945227A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-07-12 Csf Improvements in ultra short wave directive aerials

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3230540A (en) * 1961-06-09 1966-01-18 Sumitomo Electric Industries Spaced helical radiating conductor insulatingly supported along the length of central conductor support
US3629937A (en) * 1966-11-14 1971-12-28 Chevron Res Method of forming a helical antenna
US3641580A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-02-08 Raytheon Co Fractional turn helical antenna
US4342474A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-08-03 Microwave Techniques Waveguide hanger
US9030283B2 (en) 2011-03-03 2015-05-12 Medical Energetics Ltd Double helix conductor
US8653925B2 (en) 2011-03-03 2014-02-18 Lifewave, Inc. Double helix conductor
WO2012118971A3 (en) * 2011-03-03 2014-04-24 Lifewave, Inc. Double helix conductor
US10130044B1 (en) 2012-01-27 2018-11-20 Medical Energetics Ltd. Agricultural applications of a double helix conductor
US8919035B2 (en) 2012-01-27 2014-12-30 Medical Energetics Ltd Agricultural applications of a double helix conductor
US9504845B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2016-11-29 Medical Energetics Ltd. Health applications of a double helix conductor
US10532218B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2020-01-14 Medical Energetics Ltd. Health applications of a double helix conductor
US8961384B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2015-02-24 Medical Energetics Ltd Health applications of a double helix conductor
US9406421B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2016-08-02 Medical Energetics Ltd System configuration using a double helix conductor
US8749333B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2014-06-10 Lifewave, Inc. System configuration using a double helix conductor
US9993657B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2018-06-12 Medical Energetics Ltd. Health applications for using bio-feedback to control an electromagnetic field
US9504844B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2016-11-29 Medical Energetics Ltd Health applications for using bio-feedback to control an electromagnetic field
US9636518B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-05-02 Medical Energetics Ltd. Nested double helix conductors
US9724531B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-08-08 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with light emitting fluids for producing photobiomodulation effects in living organisms
US10688309B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2020-06-23 Medical Energetics Limited Double helix conductor with winding around core
US9861830B1 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-01-09 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with winding around core
US9717926B2 (en) 2014-03-05 2017-08-01 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with eight connectors and counter-rotating fields
US9463331B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2016-10-11 Medical Energetics Ltd Using a double helix conductor to treat neuropathic disorders
US9370667B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2016-06-21 Medical Energetics Ltd Double helix conductor for medical applications using stem cell technology
US10497508B2 (en) 2014-04-10 2019-12-03 Medical Energetics Limited Double helix conductor with counter rotating fields
US10008319B2 (en) 2014-04-10 2018-06-26 Medical Energetics Ltd. Double helix conductor with counter-rotating fields
US10102955B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-10-16 Medical Energetics Ltd. Dual double helix conductors
US10083786B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-09-25 Medical Energetics Ltd. Dual double helix conductors with light sources
US9827436B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2017-11-28 Medical Energetics Ltd. Systems and methods to improve the growth rate of livestock, fish, and other animals
US10224136B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2019-03-05 Medical Energetics Ltd. Dual double helix conductors used in agriculture
US10155925B2 (en) 2015-09-01 2018-12-18 Medical Energetics Ltd. Rotating dual double helix conductors

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