US3065069A - Nonmagnetic generator ring forgings and steel therefor - Google Patents
Nonmagnetic generator ring forgings and steel therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3065069A US3065069A US43317A US4331760A US3065069A US 3065069 A US3065069 A US 3065069A US 43317 A US43317 A US 43317A US 4331760 A US4331760 A US 4331760A US 3065069 A US3065069 A US 3065069A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- nonmagnetic
- generator ring
- ring forgings
- forgings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the coil supports in rotors of large generators used in the electric power industry are large forgings frequently referred to as generator ring forgings. They commonly range in size from 27 to 63 inches in outside diameter, 19 to 30 inches in length and from 3 to 6 inches in thickness. be nonmagnetic to avoid electrical losses. It is preferred to achieve the high strength required by cold expansion rather than by precipitation or aging. Thus a ductile steel is required. Because of the high losses entailed if a ring ruptures in service, they are rigidly inspected after 25 forming preferably by ultrasonic testing. Since this requires a grain size of ASTM No. 4 or smaller, it is essential that the steel be fine grained.
- a commonly used steel for forming generator rings contains about 0.45% carbon, 18% manganese, and 4% 3 chromium. This steel, however, is not completely satisfactory in several respects.
- the grain size is too coarse, being ASTM No. 3 or coarser, which precludes satisfactory ultrasonic inspection; it has a tendency to precipitate carbides at the grain boundaries if held in the range 35 of 1100 to 1600 R, which is difficult to avoid during forming; and it tends to form brittle magnetic martensite when cold expanded.
- the steel may contain the usual impurities. Thus it may contain 0.05% maximum phosphorus, 0.02% maximum sulphur, 0.02% maximum aluminum and residual amounts of other elements with the balance iron.
- a typical composition of our steel is:
- the steel of this invention inherently at least ASTM #4 in grain size, but the size can be controlled cvcn finer by properly controlling the solution anneal following forging of the rings.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
ilnited States Patent @fihce 3,055,059 Patented Nov. 20, 1952 3,065,069 NQNMAGNETIQ GENERATOR RING FQRGENGS AND STEEL THEREFQR Elaznnei .i. /ianganello, Wilkins Township, Allegheny County, and Matti H. Pakkala, leasant Hills Borough, Pa, assignors to United States Steel Corporation, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Fiicd July 18, 1960, Ser. No. 43,317 2 iaims. (Cl. 75 -126) This application relates to generator ring forgings and more particularly to generator ring forgings and steels therefor having improved stability and mechanical properties.
The coil supports in rotors of large generators used in the electric power industry are large forgings frequently referred to as generator ring forgings. They commonly range in size from 27 to 63 inches in outside diameter, 19 to 30 inches in length and from 3 to 6 inches in thickness. be nonmagnetic to avoid electrical losses. It is preferred to achieve the high strength required by cold expansion rather than by precipitation or aging. Thus a ductile steel is required. Because of the high losses entailed if a ring ruptures in service, they are rigidly inspected after 25 forming preferably by ultrasonic testing. Since this requires a grain size of ASTM No. 4 or smaller, it is essential that the steel be fine grained.
A commonly used steel for forming generator rings contains about 0.45% carbon, 18% manganese, and 4% 3 chromium. This steel, however, is not completely satisfactory in several respects. The grain size is too coarse, being ASTM No. 3 or coarser, which precludes satisfactory ultrasonic inspection; it has a tendency to precipitate carbides at the grain boundaries if held in the range 35 of 1100 to 1600 R, which is difficult to avoid during forming; and it tends to form brittle magnetic martensite when cold expanded.
We have discovered that the forging defects can be overcome and additional benefits obtained if the composition is modified as follows:
They must withstand high operating stresses and 20 Upon being heat-treated in a similar manner, a conventional steel containing 0.50% carbon, 16.47% manganese, 0.06% nickel, 4.12% chromium, and 0.021% nitrogen exhibited the following mechanical properties:
Table 11 Yield Tensile Elongation Reduction Amount of Cold Strength Strength, in 2", of Area, Working, percent (0.2% Ott p.s.i. percent percent set), p.s.i.
We have discovered also that the temperature in the solution-annealing step influences the grain size. Results of an experiment conducted by solution-annealing samples of Steels A and B at various temperatures were as follows:
Table III ASTM Grain Size Solution Temperature, F.
The steel may contain the usual impurities. Thus it may contain 0.05% maximum phosphorus, 0.02% maximum sulphur, 0.02% maximum aluminum and residual amounts of other elements with the balance iron.
A typical composition of our steel is:
Steel A Steel B C Mn Si Cr N Cb 5% to 6 5 to 6 5 to 6% 4 to 5% 4 t0 6 4% to 5 0. /0 60 17. /19. 50 020/060 4.00/5.00 0.06/0.12 0 25/0.
Thus not only is the steel of this invention inherently at least ASTM #4 in grain size, but the size can be controlled cvcn finer by properly controlling the solution anneal following forging of the rings. i
0 Din P S Si Ni Cr Al N Cb Remainder Compositions of two induction-furnace heats melted and tested are listed below (in percent):
Steel J C Mn Ni Cr N Cb A 0. 47 17. 94 0. 40 4. 68 0. 009 0. 36 B 0. 56 18. 90 O. 48 4. 92 0.11 0.38
Balance substantially iron.
These were heated to 2000 F. for 2 hours and air cooled. The effect on mechanical properties of varying the amount of cold working is shown in the following Table 1:
While we have shown and described several specific embodiments of our invention, it Will be understood that 7 0.06 to 0.12% nitrogen and 0.25 to 0.55% columbium,
balance iron and impurities.
3 4 2. An austenitic steel characterized by good ductility, References Citc in the file of this patent cold workability and a grain size no larger than ASTM UNITED STATES PATENTS #4, said steel containing 0.45 to 0.60% carbon, 17.50 to 19.50% manganese .20 to .60% silicon, 4.00 to 5.00% 2789049 Long et 1957 chromium, 0.06 to 0.12% nitrogen and 0.25 to 0.55% 5 FOREIGN PATENTS columbium, balance iron and impurities. 584 732 Gradt Britain Jan 22 1947
Claims (1)
- 2. AN AUSTENITIC STEEL CHARACTERIZED BY GOOD DUCTILITY, COLD WORKABILITY AND A GRAIN SIZE NO LARGER THAN ASTM #4, SAID STEEL CONTAINING 0.45 TO 0.60% CARBON, 17.50 TO 19.50% MAGANESE .20 TO .60% SILICON, 4.00 TO 5.00% CHROMIUM, 0.06 TO 0.12% NITROGEN AND 0.25 TO 0.55% COLUMBIUM, BALANCE IRON AND IMPURITIES.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43317A US3065069A (en) | 1960-07-18 | 1960-07-18 | Nonmagnetic generator ring forgings and steel therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43317A US3065069A (en) | 1960-07-18 | 1960-07-18 | Nonmagnetic generator ring forgings and steel therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3065069A true US3065069A (en) | 1962-11-20 |
Family
ID=21926547
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43317A Expired - Lifetime US3065069A (en) | 1960-07-18 | 1960-07-18 | Nonmagnetic generator ring forgings and steel therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3065069A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4028098A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1977-06-07 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Cryogenic steel |
| US4039328A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-08-02 | Jury Donatovich Novomeisky | Steel |
| US4121953A (en) * | 1977-02-02 | 1978-10-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High strength, austenitic, non-magnetic alloy |
| FR2411245A1 (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-07-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | EASILY MACHINABLE NON-MAGNETIC ALLOY STEEL |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB584732A (en) * | 1942-07-30 | 1947-01-22 | Electro Metallurg Co | Improvements in and relating to cold-rolled alloy iron or alloy steel articles |
| US2789049A (en) * | 1954-11-03 | 1957-04-16 | Mckay Co | High strength welding steel |
-
1960
- 1960-07-18 US US43317A patent/US3065069A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB584732A (en) * | 1942-07-30 | 1947-01-22 | Electro Metallurg Co | Improvements in and relating to cold-rolled alloy iron or alloy steel articles |
| US2789049A (en) * | 1954-11-03 | 1957-04-16 | Mckay Co | High strength welding steel |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4028098A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1977-06-07 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Cryogenic steel |
| US4039328A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-08-02 | Jury Donatovich Novomeisky | Steel |
| US4121953A (en) * | 1977-02-02 | 1978-10-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High strength, austenitic, non-magnetic alloy |
| FR2411245A1 (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-07-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | EASILY MACHINABLE NON-MAGNETIC ALLOY STEEL |
| US4240827A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1980-12-23 | Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd. | Nonmagnetic alloy steel having improved machinability |
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