US3055436A - Fire extinguishing device - Google Patents

Fire extinguishing device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3055436A
US3055436A US829903A US82990359A US3055436A US 3055436 A US3055436 A US 3055436A US 829903 A US829903 A US 829903A US 82990359 A US82990359 A US 82990359A US 3055436 A US3055436 A US 3055436A
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Prior art keywords
foam
extinguisher
tube
nozzle
container
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Expired - Lifetime
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US829903A
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English (en)
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Lancia Angelo Nino
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A62C99/0027—Carbon dioxide extinguishers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/22—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre
    • B60C9/2204—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre obtained by circumferentially narrow strip winding
    • B60C2009/2209—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre obtained by circumferentially narrow strip winding characterised by tension of the cord during winding

Definitions

  • foam fire extinguishers wherein the foam is formed by a foam producing solution in which gas, usually air, is dispersed, incorporated in the foam, but not chemically prepared at the moment of employment. This gas is stored under pressure, compressed or mechanically sucked at the moment of forming the foam.
  • gas usually air
  • the gas, usually carbon dioxide, required for producing the foam is chemically obtained at the moment the extinguisher is employed, by means of a chemical reaction within ⁇ or externally of the foam producing solution.
  • the gas may be stored in two ways:
  • (l) lf the gas is soluble in water (for instance CO2), it may be found dispersed under pressure in the foam generating solution and, freeing itself at the moment of generation of the foam, it becomes a part of the foam.
  • the gas whether soluble or not in the foam generating solution, may be stored in a container under pressure, connected to the extinguisher by means of a valve and pressure reducer.
  • the extinguisher must be provided with a safety valve against improper operation of the pressure reducer, because the extinguisher is operable at reduced pressure only.
  • the extinguisher of the present invention is concerned with mechanical foam and is characterized by the fact that it is so constructed that at the moment when dischange begins and throughout the discharging period, the foam generating solution and the relatively insoluble propelling gas contained in the solution are under the same pressure.
  • the gas usually air or nitrogen, is accumulated in such quantity and pressure as yto ensure the complete and energetic discharge of the solution, which discharges outwardly through an ejection nozzle of the type in which air is sucked from the outside with consequent production of the foam.
  • a valve is eliminated because ythe air load and closure are both provided by the same ejection nozzle.
  • the present invention constitutes, however, a new solu-4 tion, and one object lof the invention has been attained by reducing to the minimum the loss of load during the parting and fractionatiug Stage of the foam-discharging spout of the extinguisher.
  • the object of the invention contrary to the known types of extingniishers in which the object is obtained by impressing onto the stream of fluid a tangential component, is attained instead, by the direct parting of the iiuid of which the fluid stream is composed, said parting action being produced by surfaces ⁇ or passages in the form of sloping planes on which the longitudinal elements of foam change their directions.
  • the process consists in making the foam stream pass through a fractioning head applied to one end of the nozzle of the extinguisher, the fractioning head containing a plurality of fractioning passages, which subdivide the stream and make it diverge.
  • An axial ⁇ deviatory core member may eventually cooperate in ⁇ the guiding the fluid stream and contribute to increasing divergency.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a nozzle with the fractionating head to 4attain the results described above.
  • the device may be formed in various shapes and dimensions, such as it is shown in the figures by way of example ⁇ in the drawings, in which:
  • FIG. l shows the extinguisher in working position
  • FIG. 2 shows same in resting position and hanging to a wall
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional View of the nozzle
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gas charging connector
  • FIG. 5 represents the longitudinal sectional view of an accessory for improving the formation of the foam and for modifying the shape of the stream;
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of ⁇ an extinguisher made of two elements to provide a device which is portable on the back;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the same extinguisher of FIG. 6 with a different arrangement for the connection of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 8 is an axial sectional view of a fractioning head piece -to be applied to the end of the nozzle, showing a truncated cone enlargement and, ⁇ on the outside end, a convex terminal plate incorporating channels that diverge toward the outside and converge towards the interior to a point siutated on the axis of the same head piece;
  • FIG. 9 is an axial sectional view showing a modified form of the front plate of the fractioning head piece, the plate being flat and crossed by holes which also converge to a point on the axis and towards the interior;
  • FIG. 10 shows a further modification of the lfront plate
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of the fractioning head piece of FIG. 8;
  • FIGURES l2, 13 and 14 show a front view of other fractionating head plates.
  • FIG. l5 is an axial sectional View of a fractioning head piece in which the frontal plate is a wire net including a deviatory axial gland;
  • FIG. v16 is showing an axial sectional view of a fractioning head piece with telescopic removable parts for the purpose of modifying as desired the opening angle of the foam spout;
  • FIGURES 17 and 18 also depict in an axial sectional View a further embodiment of the fractioning head piece, with displaceable sleeve (for restricting the spout size) which in FIG. 17 is shown in the forward restricting position, and in FIG. 18 in the idle retracted position.
  • This upper space 27" is crossed obliquely by a pipe 30, its two ends being welded to the walls of the container 27 in the annular zones 30 and 30 so as to constitute a tubular passage into which the nozzle 29 is fitted, having at its front end the hand Wheel 12 (FIG. 3) and including inside threading 8 adapted to receive the outside threaded section 8 of connector 28 carrying the auxiliary collector 28 (FIG. 4) provided for the introduction of gas under pressure.
  • the nozzle 29 comprises a body 10 ⁇ forming with the ovoid head 13, the passage 19.
  • the ovoid head of nozzle 29 is longitudinally movable into the hollowed space 31 of the tubular piece 14, which includes a conical seat 14 on the upstream side which the head 13 is adapted to close.
  • the tube 29 of the nozzle is provided with tap threading 29 for screwing engagement with the male threading 14" of the tubular piece 14.
  • the tube 14 incorporates a slanting cutoff 17, also tubular in shape, which extends through hole 17 (where it is welded to container 27) to the inside of said container 27, thus forming the dipping tube.
  • the dipping tube crosses the container 27 obliquely and reaches almost to the bottom at the lowest level 18, when the extinguisher is in operative position to extrude the foam stream as represented in FIG. 1.
  • auxiliary collector 28 an end which is adapted to be introduced inside the nozzle 29, is somewhat flared to adapt itself to the orifice of piece 10 without obstructing passages 19.
  • the nozzle 29 is provided, immediately beyond the passages 19, with a crown of slots 20 for the passage of the air.
  • the device represented in FIG. 5 has a function of generating the foam and consists of a rectangular strip of wire gauze 11 with close meshes which is twisted about its axis ⁇ so to assume an helicoid shape, and provided at one end with a flanged head piece 32.
  • This device of FIG. 5 is lintroduced axially into the nozzle 29.
  • the foam generating liquid is first introduced inside container 27 through the inlet opening 26, which is then closed with the cap and the auxiliary collector 28 (FIG. 4) is introduced inside the nozzle 29, by screwing its thread 8 on thread 8', until the end 9 of collector 2S makes a tight connection against the passages piece 10. Then gas is introduced at the desired pressure, after which handle wheel 12 is turned to a closed position, collector 28 is then removed and replaced by a device as represented in FIG. 5, which is made of close-mesh twisted Wire gauze 11 and by which a better mixing of the air in the foam is obtained upon discharging of the fluid stream.
  • the required pressure in the upper space 27" of the extinguisher may be obtained ⁇ for instance with 5 litres (1 gallon, l pint) of gas at 13 kg. per cm.2 (185 1b./ sq. in.).
  • the extinguisher is closed by turning hand wheel 12, until the head 13 of passages piece 10, preferably made in i plastic material (nylon, polyesters, polyvinyl, etc.) s tightly pushed against seat 14 of piece 14, thereby screwing threading 29 on threading 14.
  • i plastic material nylon, polyesters, polyvinyl, etc.
  • the extinguisher is operated to discharge the foam by the reverse operation, that is by unscrewing the nozzle 29 by means of the hand wheel 12.
  • the compressed gas contained in upper space 27" acts on the solution held in container 27 by forcing it towards the nozzle through the dipped tube 17, the tubular handle 14 housing filter 18 and thence through the small passages 19, which are arranged in a circle and axially converge; thus the foam is divided into various streams which by crossing each other cause the foam formation and the aspiration of air through the slots 20.
  • the same process of producing foam can be obtained with one single central passage, with or without a peripheral crown of holes or slots.
  • FIG. l shows the extinguisher in the Working position for the ejection of the spout when grasped by the handle 14:
  • the baricentric position of the extinguisher is such as ⁇ to assure a position spontaneously ⁇ balanced in this way to make it easy for the operator to run towards the place to put on the conflagration.
  • the tubular passage 30 assumes an inclination with respect to the axis of the container 27 so to be, during the operation of the extinguisher, almost parallel to the level of the liquid contained inside the extinguisher.
  • a remarkable feature in the new extinguisher is indicated by the best eiciency of the foam: with said charge, and by employing solutions to about 4% in weight of a good foam generator on the market, it is possible to obtain to 150 litres of foam (26.4 to 33 imp. gals), with an expansion ratio of 15 to 19 times the volume of water.
  • the foam possesses excellent fire extinguishing qualities; half of the foam forming solution deposits at the bottom of the fire after 20 to 30 minutes only.
  • extinguisher of this shape is adapted very easily for a back portable extinguisher, as shown in FIGURES 6 and 7, that is to be carried on the shoulder by a belted pack saddle 24: this type of extinguisher comprises the various elements of the portable type represented in FIGURES l and 2, With, however, the two tanks being connected one to the other and, with a single nozzle for ejecting the foam.
  • This nozzle can be alternately connected to the extinguisher, for instance, by means of a flexible tube xed at 23 (FIG. 6) or by means of a rigid or articulated nozzle 2S (FIG. 7).
  • Another arrangement which also achieves an obect of the presenti invention consists in a fixed plant hanging stationary upon a wall and constituted by a plurality of extinguishers of the type described, mutually connected to form a battery and provided with a single nozzle 29 connected to the battery by a tubing arrangement.
  • the gas may be contained in one single shell of the battery.
  • Another alternate arrangement comprises an extinguisher mounted on a wheeled carrier, consisting of one or more containers 27 of the type described, but with a total capacity of from 30 litres to some thousands of litres.
  • the wheeled carrier may be moved by hand (with a small capacity arrangement), or be taken in tow by a vehicle, or made automotive. In this latter case the equipment is carried on the structure of the automotive Vehicle itself.
  • the extinguisher taking for granted all its other charactertistics, may be constructed by employing two containers: the first of them containing the solution at atmospheric pressure, with or without room for the gas; the second one containing the gas under pressure and separated from the first container simply by a simple two way cock valve, i.e. nota regulator nor a pressure reducer. If
  • the container Z7 has a volume of 10.5 cubic decimeters (65'5 cu. in approx.) of which -8 cu. dem. (5110 cu in. approx.) is taken up by the foam generating solution and the remaining volume contains air at atmospheric pressure.
  • the container 27 is connected to the complementary shell of 2.5 cu. dem. (145 cu. in. approx.) capacity, and filled with gas at 25 kg./sq. cm. (370 p.s.i.g.) pressure.
  • the ejection of foam can be stopped and resumed several times, allowing the operators application to the re to be made at intervals and at various points.
  • the fractioning head piece as illustrated in FIG. 8 comprises the cylindrical part 31, which belongs to the nozzle, the truncated cone piece 32 and the frontal plate 33 provided with holes or slots 34.
  • An internal body 35, constituting conveying gland, is placed in the neighborhood of the front plate 33.
  • the slots 34 act as channels and ⁇ slope so as to converge towards the point indicated at C which is situated up stream on the axis of duct 31.
  • the threads of foam go out in diverging directions and fractionate on their route into minute particles, which are 4uniformly distributed inside a cone, without resorting to -t-he known expedients which require rotating the spout in order to cause the foam to diverge due to centrifugal force.
  • the device according to the present invention which does not require any rotation of the spout, therefore, offers a greater efficiency, which means that it provides, at uniform pressure, a greater throw of ⁇ foam than obtainable with conventional appliances.
  • the head piece moreover assures divergency not only by the effect of sloping of channels 34, but also by the effect produced by the axial deviatory nucleus 35, in which the walls slope axially and do not cause any rotary effect and, therefore, produce no whirling motion.
  • the perforated plate 33 instead of presenting the convex surface towards the outside as in FIG. 8, may be made Hat as in FIG. 9 at 33', through carrying sloping holes as in the preceding instance.
  • the holes 34 slope more than those in FIG. 8, and the cambering of the plate 33 is greater. This is due to the fact that in this case the holes 34 extend also to the central part of the plate without having the core 35.
  • FIG. 12 shows the front view of a perforated plate in
  • the passages 37 follow ya sinuous path, that is undulated, though their sloping is maintained stationary or axially converging towards the upstream direction.
  • the passages are made also to slope, their section being rectangular (see 40 on the left) or semicircular (see 41 on the right). They can be distributed in the plate along concentric circumferences or along a spiral line.
  • the plate 34 is reduced to 1a simple diaphragm made of intermeshed wires as for instance in the case of a wire gauze; but taking into consideration the divergency of the wall 32 ⁇ and the presence of a ldeviatory nucleus 35, the group allows a diverging effect of the spout, nearly the same ⁇ as the one realized with fractioning head piece of FIG. 8.
  • the wire gauze 33 is held on a ring 42 which is screwed on the anged end 32 of the diverging cone 32.
  • the wire gauze 33 carries a gland 35 in the centre position land is mounted by means of the axial screw 43 which ties the two pieces 35 ⁇ and 35 together with wire gauze 33 therebetween so that the gland hangs with its tapered end on the inside and has its flared side facing the wire gauze 33.
  • FIG. 16 represents an alternate system in which the conveying wall of the fractioning head piece does not practically show any substantial divergency; in this case, also the conveying gland 35 is not necessary.
  • a tubular sleeve 44 is arranged with a telescope sliding movement on tube 31, which belongs to the nozzle and carries the plate 33 with the diverging channels 34. This arrangement permits the regulation of the divergence of the foam spout.
  • tubular sleeve 44 is longitudinally guided on the tube 31 by means of at least one slot 45' and one stud 46 running inside the slot. It is evident that by the reciprocal regulation of the position of sleeve 44- with respect to the tube 31, particularly the length of the sleeve 44 projecting ahead of the perforated plate 33, it is possible to increase or to decrease the ⁇ divergency of the foam spout.
  • FIGURES 17 and 18 Another alternate system for narrowing the spreading of the spout is represented in FIGURES 17 and 18, wherein a exible sleeve 47 is forced under tension onto the terminal zone 32. and made axially ⁇ displaceable, said displacements being made possible by means of the inside projecting ring 47 and of one or more the helicoidal grooves 48, of zone 32.
  • a re extinguisher comprising a container adapted to hold a foam generating solution in the lower portion thereof and a gas under pressure in the upper portion thereof, tubular means extending from the inside lower por-tion of said container through said container to the central portion of the outside of the container and thence through a passage which is closed to the inside of the 7 container and is positioned in the upper portion of said container whereby the central portion of said tubular means acts as a handle for the container, said tubular means having openings at the lower end and at the upper end to provide a conduit for the foam generating solution in said container.
  • a fire extinguisher as claimed in claim 1 wherein said portion of the tubular means which extends through the passage in the upper end comprises a first tube portion section and a second tube section, said first tube section being threadedly connected to a second tube section, an ovoid valve positioned within the first and second tube sections adjacent the region where these sections are connected, said ovoid valve having an approximate hemispheric section connected to an approximate frustoconical section, said valve being positioned in said first section so that said hemispheric section extends toward said second tube section, a valve seat for said ball Valve at the end of said second tube section, means within the connecting end of the first tube section forming elongated convergent passages for the movement of liquid therein with the frustoconical section of said ovoid valve, the threaded connection of the first and second tube sections being long enough to provide an open passage for liquid adjacent one end of the connection 'and to force the spherical section of said valve against said valve seat adjacent the other end of
  • a foam type of fire extinguisher which comprises a container and tubular means extending from the container to convey the foam to the fire
  • the improved type of tubular means comprising a first tube section and a second tube section, said first tube section being threadedly connected to a second tube section, lan ovoid valve positioned within the first and second tube sections adjacent the region where these sections are connected said ovoid valve having an approximate hemispheric section connected to an approximate frustoconical section, said hemispheric valve being positioned in said first section so that said hemispheric section extends toward said second tube section, a valve seat for said ball valve at the end of said second tube section, means within the connecting end of the first tube section forming elongated convergent passages for the movement of liquid therein with the frustoconical section of said ovoid valve,
  • the threaded connection of the first and second tube sections being 4long enough to provide an open passage for liquid adjacent one end of the connection and to force the valve against said valve seat adjacent the other end of said connection, whereby the passage can be sealed and opened by rotating the first tube section with respect ⁇ to the second tube section, said first tube section comprising openings to ⁇ admit air for mixing with liquid passing through the convergent passages of the Valve adjacent the discharge end of said convergent passages.
  • a fire extinguisher as claimed in claim 3 in which said first tube section comprises internal threads at the outer end thereof, an auxiliary tube adapted to fit inside the first tube section with a first end thereof shaped to form closed curve line contact with the outer end of said means which forms the convergent passages with said valve with Ithe discharge end of said passages within the closed curve contact and thereby close ofi communication between said passages and the openings that admit air of said first tube section, the other end of the auxiliary tube extending beyond the outer end of the first tube section, shoulder means on the auxiliary tube adjacent the outer end thereof, Iand a threaded hollow cap adapted -to fit the internal threads of the first tube section and having a sleeve portion adapted to bear against said shoulder of the auxiliary tube to hold the latter tightly against the means which forms the convergent passages with said valve of the first tube section, the outer end of said auxiliary tube comprising a connection for connecting to a gas supply tube to provide for charging said container.
  • the fire extinguisher as claimed in claim 3 comprising a nozzle including a transverse plate containing a multiplicity of diverging orifices therein, said nozzle including means to attach it to said first tube section.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
US829903A 1958-07-25 1959-07-27 Fire extinguishing device Expired - Lifetime US3055436A (en)

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IT1233241X 1958-07-25

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US854641A (en) * 1906-03-27 1907-05-21 Thomas Haley Controlling-nozzle for hose and hose-pipe.
US1622831A (en) * 1921-08-27 1927-03-29 Kirkegaard Georg Dispensing device
US2138133A (en) * 1935-03-18 1938-11-29 Pyrene Minimax Corp Apparatus and method for producing fire extinguishing foam
US2478998A (en) * 1944-10-25 1949-08-16 Nat Foam System Inc Fire extinguishing foam tube and spray head
US2556239A (en) * 1947-04-01 1951-06-12 Richard L Tuve Foam fire fighting method
US2580419A (en) * 1949-05-12 1952-01-01 Specialties Dev Corp Fire-extinguishing apparatus
US2708482A (en) * 1952-12-17 1955-05-17 Stop Fire Inc Fire extinguisher
US2774583A (en) * 1953-02-03 1956-12-18 Haftke Edward Apparatus for producing fire extinguishing foam
US2837323A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-06-03 Wrightway Engineering Co Hose nozzle with aerator
US2941729A (en) * 1955-04-26 1960-06-21 Wrightway Engineering Co Hose nozzle with aerator

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US854641A (en) * 1906-03-27 1907-05-21 Thomas Haley Controlling-nozzle for hose and hose-pipe.
US1622831A (en) * 1921-08-27 1927-03-29 Kirkegaard Georg Dispensing device
US2138133A (en) * 1935-03-18 1938-11-29 Pyrene Minimax Corp Apparatus and method for producing fire extinguishing foam
US2478998A (en) * 1944-10-25 1949-08-16 Nat Foam System Inc Fire extinguishing foam tube and spray head
US2556239A (en) * 1947-04-01 1951-06-12 Richard L Tuve Foam fire fighting method
US2580419A (en) * 1949-05-12 1952-01-01 Specialties Dev Corp Fire-extinguishing apparatus
US2708482A (en) * 1952-12-17 1955-05-17 Stop Fire Inc Fire extinguisher
US2774583A (en) * 1953-02-03 1956-12-18 Haftke Edward Apparatus for producing fire extinguishing foam
US2941729A (en) * 1955-04-26 1960-06-21 Wrightway Engineering Co Hose nozzle with aerator
US2837323A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-06-03 Wrightway Engineering Co Hose nozzle with aerator

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