US3054692A - Novel hectograph methods - Google Patents

Novel hectograph methods Download PDF

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Publication number
US3054692A
US3054692A US852612A US85261259A US3054692A US 3054692 A US3054692 A US 3054692A US 852612 A US852612 A US 852612A US 85261259 A US85261259 A US 85261259A US 3054692 A US3054692 A US 3054692A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
hectograph
sheet
master
transfer
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US852612A
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English (en)
Inventor
Douglas A Newman
Allan T Schlotzhauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Original Assignee
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE596873D priority Critical patent/BE596873A/xx
Priority to NL257711D priority patent/NL257711A/xx
Application filed by Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority to US852612A priority patent/US3054692A/en
Priority to GB36696/60A priority patent/GB975169A/en
Priority to ES0262226A priority patent/ES262226A1/es
Priority to FR843689A priority patent/FR1279490A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3054692A publication Critical patent/US3054692A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/04—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet using solvent-soluble dyestuffs on the master sheets, e.g. alcohol-soluble
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/26—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern for the production of printing plates for non-xerographic printing processes
    • G03G13/30—Hectographic masters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/29—Printing involving a color-forming phenomenon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/1053—Imaging affecting physical property or radiation sensitive material, or producing nonplanar or printing surface - process, composition, or product: radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making binder containing
    • Y10S430/1055—Radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making
    • Y10S430/114—Initiator containing
    • Y10S430/115—Cationic or anionic

Definitions

  • hectograph transfer sheets have certain disadvantages.
  • prime importance is the fact that a wax binder is not soluble in the fluids used to make spirit hectograph copies and further that the wax has a certain miscibility with modifying oils used in preparing the hectograph formulations.
  • modifying oils used in preparing the hectograph formulations.
  • approximately l to 15 parts of carnauba or other relatively high melting point vegetable waxes together with approximately l() to l parts lanolin and l0 to l5 parts mineral oil are melted together.
  • other modifying agents such as castor oil, paraffin wax, butyl stearate, etc.
  • the mineral oil and/or lanolin can be included or replace totally or in part the mineral oil and/or lanolin but the facts are that in general about one part of wax is used to two parts of modifying ingredients. In this event, the wax has miscibility with these materials so that the formula actually becomes more or less unified, all of which is not miscible with alcohol save perhaps those modifying agents such as butyl stearate or lard oil, castor oil, etc. that might be included, but in any case the wax base formula itself exhibits incompatibility with alcohol.
  • thermographic and xerographic processes it is the main object of the present invention to prepare hectograph transfer sheets which are heat stable and which do not melt at the temperatures required by the thermographic and xerographic processes.
  • lFIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section, to an enlarged scale, of a master sheet and a hectograph transfer sheet having on the transfer layer xerographically-applied images superposed under the influence of heat but separated for purposes of illustration.
  • FIG. 2 shows the master sheet and hectograph transfer sheet of FIG. 3 after heating and separation.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic cross-section, to an enlarged scale, of a master sheet, a hectograph transfer sheet and an imaged original sheet superposed under the influence of infrared radiation in the thermographic process but separated for purposes of illustration.
  • FIG. 4 shows the master sheet and the hectograph transfer sheet of FIG. l after irradiation and separation.
  • a cellulosic film-forming material such as ⁇ as ethyl cellulose is used which is at least partially soluble in the spirit duplicating iluids.
  • the formulation contains oils, lanolin or other modifying agents in similar proportions to the wax base type, if they do become bonded with the ethyl cellulose they will transfer with the dye on copying since the ethyl cellulose is alcohol soluble. This situation also permits ⁇ almost total exhaustion of the dye from the master, producing many more copies.
  • formulations can be modified for copy brilliancy depending on the proportions of the nonvolatile, non-miscible component to the bonding agent, that is to say, by changing either non-volatile component, cellulose or the dye proportions.
  • Some dyes are much more soluble than others but in the last analysis the sealing properties of wax as against ethyl cellulose are such that the former seals While the latter more completely solvates thereby making available more dye from an impressed master sheet.
  • each dye particle is surrounded by the vehicle in either case and when it is considered in the case of the cellulose film-forming material that the dye particles are surrounded by alcohol wettable resin, then it can be understood that dye solvation is more complete. Also the wettability of the dye by alcohol is improved over Wax bonded formulas and exhaustion of the master takes place more completely.
  • thermographic means involving infrared radiation.
  • a Xerographic image may be formed on the face 11 of the solvent type of hectograph sheet lit and that sheet together with a master 3d under suiiicient pressure to hold the two rmlly together subjected to heat 50 in which action the xerographic resin powder is fused in the imaged area so that the master and hectograph layer are Welded together at said imaged areas.
  • the dye layer is removed at said imaged areas and a master is thus prepared having the Xerographic image 15 and a portion 3'5 of hectograph transfer layer adhered thereto.
  • the solvent type hectograph layer 11 may be cast on a more or less translucent base sheet 10 or a sheet at least which allows the penertation of infrared radiation.
  • the said coated sheet together with a master 30 plus the copy sheet having original images 21 thereon to be copied are fed through a thermographic machine having infrared radiation 50 in which act heat is developed in the image areas of the original, thereby causing a softening of the layer and welding the master in said areas to the hectograph sheet which on cooling and separation affords a mirror reverse facsimile image 31 on the master.
  • the solvent is evaporated and there results the formation of a hectograph layer which does not melt at elevated temperatures but becomes soft but not flowable at temperatures between 15045Q lF., which are the temperatures used in the thermographic and Xerographic processes.
  • Example I The following ingredients were thoroughly intermixed to a coatable consistency:
  • the prepared transfer sheet was then compared 'with a conventional hot melt Wax hectograph sheet in the following manner: Two original sheets which were desired to be copied were placed face-up; then the novel hectograph sheet of the present invention was placed faceup over the tirst original and the conventional hectograph sheet was placed face-up over the second original; next a suitable master sheet was placed over each of the transfer sheets, in contact with the hectograph layer, to form a pack. Each pack was then passed through a Thermo- Fax machine. The infrared radiation of the machine was focused on the master sheet and penetrated through to the original sheet where it was absorbed by the images on the original sheet and converted to heat in these areas. The heat generated by the images causes the overlying transfer sheet to heat up over the imaged areas thereby bonding the master to said imaged areas.
  • Example Il The above ingredients were mixed to a coatable consistency and coated on a suitable foundation as in Example I to form a hectograph transfer sheet.
  • This transfer sheet was then placed in face-to-face contact with a selenium plate carrying an electrostatic powdered image under suicient pressure to keep the two elements in close contact.
  • a corona discharge was applied, thereby reversing the polarity and upon removal of the hectograph sheet the powdered image adhered to the hectograph layer.
  • the hectograph sheet bearing the powdered image was then placed in face-to-face contact with a master sheet to form a pack which Was placed in a xerox oven at temperatures between 400-4501 F. and the powdered image fused and picked on" the softened, non-fluid hectograph layer in the areas overlying the powdered images.
  • a master sheet carrying a substantial amount of hectograph material in the electrostatic image areas, which may be used to prepare many sharp copies in the spirit process.
  • the proportions shown in the examples are not to be considered critical, the important factor being that the binder material is soluble in the spirit duplicating uid. It has been found that amounts of binder as low as 2 or 3% based upon the total Weight of the transfer composition may be used with excellent results, and that the amount of hectograph dye may be as high as l times the weight of binder used.
  • the heat-resistance of the present transfer sheets appears to be due to the heatresistance of the cellulosic resinous binder and the large amount of hectograph dye material employed.
  • the preferred binders are the cellulose ethers, particularly ethyl cellulose which is very soluble in ethyl alcohol and mixtures of ethyl alcohol and water, which are the most common duplicating fluids.
  • Other cellulosic -binders which may be used include cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and others. It should be noted, however, that when the binder employed is water-soluble that the imaging material employed should be one which is not soluble in water.
  • the novel transfer sheets of the present invention are to be used in thermographic processes wherein the heat source is radiation such as infrared
  • the master and transfer sheets be of such a nature as to allow the radiation to easily pass through.
  • transparent, translucent and transpicuous sheets are Very satisfactory, such as clear plast-ic, frosted or crazed plastic, glassine paper, etc.
  • the hectograph dye ⁇ layer should be permeable to infrared radiation and should not contain any materials which absorb infrared radiation to any substantial degree. Suitable infrared-permeable dyes include rhodamine dyes, malachite green, safranine dyes land the like.
  • substantially colorless colorformers may be used in place of the colored dye on the transfer sheets.
  • Such compounds are infrared-permeable and produce a ⁇ bright color when lbrought in contact in the spirit process with complementary chemical reagents which are present on the treated copy sheets in the manner set forth in our copending application Serial No. 598,759, led .uly 19, 1956, and now abandoned.
  • a compound such as gallic acid, tannic acid, rubeanic acid, hematoxylin, sodium thiocyanate or any of the conventional color-formers as listed in the aforementioned application and in United States Patent No.
  • 2,663,656 may be included in the ethyl cellulose layer in place of the hectograph dye.
  • Copy sheets are prepared which are treated with complementary precipitant meta-l compounds such 'as those of iron, vanadium, copper, nickel, etc. as listed in the aforementioned application and patent. It is also possible to use substantially colorless unreacted dye components, one on the transfer sheet and the other on the copy sheets, which when brought together in the spirit process produce colored images.
  • the improvement which comprises using as the hectograph transfer sheet one which does not absorb infrared radiation to any substantial degree and which carries a pressure-sensitive transfer layer which is based upon a cellulosic film-forming binder material containing a non-volatile component which is non-miscible with said binder material and which is selected from the group consisting of oleaginous and pasty compositions, and a quantity of spirit-soluble imaging material, and the transfer layer softens but is noniluid at temperatures between about F. and 450 F., the temperature of the theunographic process.
  • the hectograph transfer sheet comprises a flexible foundation having thereon a pressure-sensitive transfer layer comprising ethyl cellulose binder material which is at least partially soluble in the conventional spirit duplicating fluids, a mixture of lard oil and oleic acid ⁇ and a quantity of spiritsoluble imaging material.
  • the hectograph transfer sheet comprises a ilexib'le foundation having thereon a pressure-sensitive transfer layer comprising ethyl cellulose binder material which is at least partially soluble in the conventional spirit duplicating ui'ds, a mixture of mineral oil and Ilanolin and a quantity of spiritsoluble imaging material.
  • the hectograph transfer sheet comprises a flexible foundation having thereon a pressure-sensitive ltransfer layer comprising ethyl cellulose lbinder material which is at least partially soluble in the conventional spirit duplicating iluids, a mixture of lard oil and ⁇ oleic ⁇ acid and a quantity of spiritsoluble imaging material.
  • the hectograph transfer sheet comprises a flexible foundation having thereon a pressure-sensitive transfer layer comprising ethyl cellulose binder material which is at least partially soluble in the conventional spirit duplicating uids, a mixture of mineral oil and lanolin and a quantity of spirit-soluble imaging material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
US852612A 1959-11-13 1959-11-13 Novel hectograph methods Expired - Lifetime US3054692A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE596873D BE596873A (zh) 1959-11-13
NL257711D NL257711A (zh) 1959-11-13
US852612A US3054692A (en) 1959-11-13 1959-11-13 Novel hectograph methods
GB36696/60A GB975169A (en) 1959-11-13 1960-10-26 Improvements in or relating to hectographic transfer sheets
ES0262226A ES262226A1 (es) 1959-11-13 1960-11-07 Procedimiento de preparaciën de nuevas laminas de transferencia hectografica
FR843689A FR1279490A (fr) 1959-11-13 1960-11-10 Nouvelle feuille et nouveau procédé hectographiques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US852612A US3054692A (en) 1959-11-13 1959-11-13 Novel hectograph methods

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3054692A true US3054692A (en) 1962-09-18

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US852612A Expired - Lifetime US3054692A (en) 1959-11-13 1959-11-13 Novel hectograph methods

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US (1) US3054692A (zh)
BE (1) BE596873A (zh)
ES (1) ES262226A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB975169A (zh)
NL (1) NL257711A (zh)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3131080A (en) * 1960-11-09 1964-04-28 Robert B Russell Thermographic transfer sheet comprising selective radiation filtering means
US3147377A (en) * 1960-05-25 1964-09-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermographic production of color-projecting transparencies and sheet materials usefutherein
US3159485A (en) * 1959-10-29 1964-12-01 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Spirit duplicating process
US3177086A (en) * 1961-12-15 1965-04-06 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Pressure-sensitive hectograph transfer element
US3206601A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Plastic film thermography
US3246148A (en) * 1962-03-30 1966-04-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for the production of thermographic copies from an electrostatic powder image
US3386379A (en) * 1962-04-04 1968-06-04 Xerox Corp Duplicating with color producing reagents
US3404995A (en) * 1965-09-20 1968-10-08 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Hectograph products and processes
US3418149A (en) * 1965-05-18 1968-12-24 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Thermographic copy process
US3479953A (en) * 1966-01-27 1969-11-25 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Method of producing and regenerating regenerable printing forms
US3520713A (en) * 1966-05-25 1970-07-14 Sergio Sala Self-regenerative carbographic articles and procedure for producing them
DE1671571B1 (de) * 1966-09-15 1971-07-08 Phonocopy Inc Elektrothermographisches aufzeichnungsverfahren und dabei verwendeter schichttraeger
US4095234A (en) * 1976-07-08 1978-06-13 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Recording apparatus for providing lustrous printing
US4698907A (en) * 1985-02-21 1987-10-13 Somich Technology Inc. Method for manufacturing a circuit board by a direct electrostatic transfer and deposition process

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616961A (en) * 1946-09-23 1952-11-04 Groak Josef Printing
US2808777A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-10-08 Dick Co Ab Method for manufacturing duplicating masters
US2810661A (en) * 1954-05-20 1957-10-22 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Transfer sheet
US2930106A (en) * 1957-03-14 1960-03-29 American Felt Co Gaskets
US2954291A (en) * 1957-01-04 1960-09-27 Haloid Xerox Inc Method for preparing a spirit duplicating master
US2954311A (en) * 1957-09-25 1960-09-27 Weel Walter H Vander Method for copying indicia by particle transfer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616961A (en) * 1946-09-23 1952-11-04 Groak Josef Printing
US2808777A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-10-08 Dick Co Ab Method for manufacturing duplicating masters
US2810661A (en) * 1954-05-20 1957-10-22 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Transfer sheet
US2954291A (en) * 1957-01-04 1960-09-27 Haloid Xerox Inc Method for preparing a spirit duplicating master
US2930106A (en) * 1957-03-14 1960-03-29 American Felt Co Gaskets
US2954311A (en) * 1957-09-25 1960-09-27 Weel Walter H Vander Method for copying indicia by particle transfer

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3159485A (en) * 1959-10-29 1964-12-01 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Spirit duplicating process
US3147377A (en) * 1960-05-25 1964-09-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermographic production of color-projecting transparencies and sheet materials usefutherein
US3131080A (en) * 1960-11-09 1964-04-28 Robert B Russell Thermographic transfer sheet comprising selective radiation filtering means
US3177086A (en) * 1961-12-15 1965-04-06 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Pressure-sensitive hectograph transfer element
US3246148A (en) * 1962-03-30 1966-04-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for the production of thermographic copies from an electrostatic powder image
US3386379A (en) * 1962-04-04 1968-06-04 Xerox Corp Duplicating with color producing reagents
US3206601A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Plastic film thermography
US3418149A (en) * 1965-05-18 1968-12-24 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Thermographic copy process
US3404995A (en) * 1965-09-20 1968-10-08 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Hectograph products and processes
US3479953A (en) * 1966-01-27 1969-11-25 Gerhard Ritzerfeld Method of producing and regenerating regenerable printing forms
US3520713A (en) * 1966-05-25 1970-07-14 Sergio Sala Self-regenerative carbographic articles and procedure for producing them
DE1671571B1 (de) * 1966-09-15 1971-07-08 Phonocopy Inc Elektrothermographisches aufzeichnungsverfahren und dabei verwendeter schichttraeger
US4095234A (en) * 1976-07-08 1978-06-13 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Recording apparatus for providing lustrous printing
US4698907A (en) * 1985-02-21 1987-10-13 Somich Technology Inc. Method for manufacturing a circuit board by a direct electrostatic transfer and deposition process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL257711A (zh)
GB975169A (en) 1964-11-11
BE596873A (zh)
ES262226A1 (es) 1961-02-01

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