US3044155A - Spinnerette - Google Patents
Spinnerette Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3044155A US3044155A US675826A US67582657A US3044155A US 3044155 A US3044155 A US 3044155A US 675826 A US675826 A US 675826A US 67582657 A US67582657 A US 67582657A US 3044155 A US3044155 A US 3044155A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spinnerettes
- platinum
- rhodium
- coating
- spinnerette
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQSDBPCEDVVCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosyl chloride;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].ClN=O PQSDBPCEDVVCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWZUUYSISTUNDW-VAFBSOEGSA-N quinestrol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](C2=CC=3)CC[C@]4([C@H]1CC[C@@]4(O)C#C)C)CC2=CC=3OC1CCCC1 PWZUUYSISTUNDW-VAFBSOEGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhodium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[Rh+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/018—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
- D01D4/022—Processes or materials for the preparation of spinnerettes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
- Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12868—Group IB metal-base component alternative to platinum group metal-base component [e.g., precious metal, etc.]
Definitions
- spinnerettes made from noble metals are generally used. Alloys containing predominantly platinum or rhodium and gold alloys containing smaller amounts of platinum are the preferred material.
- these spinnerettes show an insufficient hardness and have to be replaced after a comparatively short lifetime because, under the pressures applied during the spinning process, the spinning orifices do not retain the exact shape and size required for the production of synthetic fibres.
- the faces of these spinnerettes are vulnerable to damage which, too, causes deformation of the orifices. Even alloys with a high content of costly platinum, which show a greater hardness than gold alloys, do not give satisfactory results.
- the foregoing table shows that the increase of hardness obtained by electroplating with rhodium or ruthenium is superior to the increase due to plating with platinum.
- the thickness of the tested coatings was 0.001 inch, which the orifices reach a state of irregularity rendering the I spinnerette practically useless.
- the surface hardness of spinnerettes of the described composition can be greatly improved by coating the spinnerettes with ruthenium or rhodium.
- the deposits of those metals as obtained by electroplating upon spinnerettes made from noble metals, especially from alloys consisting mainly of gold or platinum, are substantially harder and therefore more resistant against mechanical stress than platinum coatings upon similar spinnerettes and of the same thickness.
- the following table illustrates the results of diamond point hardness tests made with two spinnerettes each, of two types of spinnerettes having been coated with platinum, rhodium and ruthenium to a thickness of 0.001 inch.
- the coating with ruthenium and rhodium when applied in a thickness not exceeding about 0.00005 inch, results in a substantial increase of the surface hardness of spinnerettes, thus contributing greatly to their lifetime but, at the same time, does not damage the shape of the spinning orifices because due to the specific hardness obtained, the thickness of the coating can be maintained extremely small.
- a spinnerette made from an alloy comprising about percent by weight gold and 30 percent by weight platinum and coated by electroplating with a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and ruthenium.
- a spinnerette made from an alloy comprising about percent by weight platinum and 10 percent by weight rhodium and coated by electroplating with a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and ruthenium.
- a spinnerette according to claim 2 the thickness of the coating not exceeding about 0.00005 inch.
- a spinnerette according to claim 2 the thickness of the coating being about 0.00002 inch.
- a spinnerette according to claim 2 the thickness of the coating not exceeding about 0.00005 inch.
- a spinnerette according to claim 2 the thickness of the coating being about 0.00002 inch.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,044,155 SPINNERETIE Harold W. Robinson, Union, N.J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Engelhard Industries, Inc, Newark, N.J., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Aug. 2, 1957, ar. No. 675,826 6 Claims. (Cl. 29-1335) The present invention relates to spinnerettes for the production of synthetic fibres and, more specifically, to such spinnerettes made from noble metals.
In the production of synthetic fibres where the corrosion of the spinnerette by the chemical action of the spinning bath is an important factor, as is the case e.g. in the viscose process, spinnerettes made from noble metals are generally used. Alloys containing predominantly platinum or rhodium and gold alloys containing smaller amounts of platinum are the preferred material. However, these spinnerettes show an insufficient hardness and have to be replaced after a comparatively short lifetime because, under the pressures applied during the spinning process, the spinning orifices do not retain the exact shape and size required for the production of synthetic fibres. The faces of these spinnerettes are vulnerable to damage which, too, causes deformation of the orifices. Even alloys with a high content of costly platinum, which show a greater hardness than gold alloys, do not give satisfactory results.
In the attempt to obtain spinnerettes performing for a satisfactory period and especially those made from the softer but less expensive alloys as e.g. the alloy containing by weight 70 percent gold and 30 percent platinum,
it has been suggested to provide such spinnerettes with an electroplated coating of platinum. However, the slight increase of hardness obtained does not justify the increase of labor and expensive material involved. Further, in order to obtain a notable improvement in the hardness, it was necessary to deposit platinum coatings of a considerable thickness, e.g. up to 0.001 inch, but electrodeposits within this range are not smooth and even enough. Furthermore, the shape of the spinning holes and the contours of their edges become altered and rough, and at a limit of about 0.001 inch thickness of the paltinum coating,
3,044,155 Eatented July 17, 1962 In order to obtain the platinum coating, a solution of grams dinitrito-diamino platinum in 1 liter of water containing 20 grams di-amrnonium phosphate and 80 ml. ammonium hydroxide was used. The plating was eifected at the boiling point of the solution with a current density of 40 amperes per square foot. The electrolyte used for rhodium plating was a solution of 10 grams of rhodium sulfate and 75 ml. sulfuric acid in 1 liter of water, and the plating was effected at a temperature of 45 C. with a current density of 20 amperes per square foot; In the case of ruthenium, 10 grams of ruthenium nitrosyl chloride and ml. of sulfuric acid were dissolved in 1 liter of water, and the current density was 25 amperes per square foot.
The foregoing table shows that the increase of hardness obtained by electroplating with rhodium or ruthenium is superior to the increase due to plating with platinum.
I The thickness of the tested coatings was 0.001 inch, which the orifices reach a state of irregularity rendering the I spinnerette practically useless.
It has been found that the surface hardness of spinnerettes of the described composition can be greatly improved by coating the spinnerettes with ruthenium or rhodium. The deposits of those metals as obtained by electroplating upon spinnerettes made from noble metals, especially from alloys consisting mainly of gold or platinum, are substantially harder and therefore more resistant against mechanical stress than platinum coatings upon similar spinnerettes and of the same thickness. The following table illustrates the results of diamond point hardness tests made with two spinnerettes each, of two types of spinnerettes having been coated with platinum, rhodium and ruthenium to a thickness of 0.001 inch.
1 Theoretical hardness, assumed.
is above the limit found to be useful in'spinnerettes because of the resulting distortion of the shape and edges of the spinning orifices. However, by providing a coating not exceeding 0.00005 inch in thickness, the hardness increase obtained represents a great improvement over the unplated spinnerette when, in accordance with the pres ent invention, rhodium or ruthenium is applied, and best results were obtained with a coating of about 0.00002 inch. evidently, no reliable hardness tests can be made with such extremely thin coatings and only when actually performing for a long period are the spinnerettes proved to be superior. The coating with ruthenium and rhodium, when applied in a thickness not exceeding about 0.00005 inch, results in a substantial increase of the surface hardness of spinnerettes, thus contributing greatly to their lifetime but, at the same time, does not damage the shape of the spinning orifices because due to the specific hardness obtained, the thickness of the coating can be maintained extremely small.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.
What is claimed is:
1. A spinnerette made from an alloy comprising about percent by weight gold and 30 percent by weight platinum and coated by electroplating with a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and ruthenium.
2. A spinnerette made from an alloy comprising about percent by weight platinum and 10 percent by weight rhodium and coated by electroplating with a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and ruthenium.
3. A spinnerette according to claim 2, the thickness of the coating not exceeding about 0.00005 inch.
4. A spinnerette according to claim 2, the thickness of the coating being about 0.00002 inch.
5. A spinnerette according to claim 2, the thickness of the coating not exceeding about 0.00005 inch.
6. A spinnerette according to claim 2, the thickness of the coating being about 0.00002 inch.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,990,277 Feussner Feb. 5, 1935 2,115,402 Spaanbrock Apr. 26, 1938 2,496,961 Schneider Feb. 7, 1950 r 2,539,096 Miller Jan. 23, 1951 2,600,175 Volterra June 10, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION July 17. 1962 Patent No, 3,044,155
Harold W. Robinson rtified that error appears in the above numbered petters Patent should read es It is hereby ce tion and that the said Let ant requiring correc corrected below for the claim reference lines 53 and 55,
Column 2,
h occurrence, rea
numeral "2, eac
ned and sealed this 27th day of November 1962,
Sig
(SEAL) Atteet:
ESTON G. JOHNSON XXEWXBEK DAVID L. LADD Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer
Claims (1)
1. A SPINNERETT MADE FROM AN ALLOY COMPRISING ABOUT 70 PERCENT BY WEIGHT GOLD AND 30 PERCENT BY WEIGHT PLATIUM AND COATED BY ELECTROPLATING WITH A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OOF RHODIUM AND RUTHENIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US675826A US3044155A (en) | 1957-08-02 | 1957-08-02 | Spinnerette |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US675826A US3044155A (en) | 1957-08-02 | 1957-08-02 | Spinnerette |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3044155A true US3044155A (en) | 1962-07-17 |
Family
ID=24712117
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US675826A Expired - Lifetime US3044155A (en) | 1957-08-02 | 1957-08-02 | Spinnerette |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3044155A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3210167A (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1965-10-05 | Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand | Metallic appliances and components subjected to contact with molten materials at high temperature |
| US3312537A (en) * | 1963-09-16 | 1967-04-04 | Fibreglass Ltd | Apertured body for the passage of molten glass |
| US3357047A (en) * | 1965-08-20 | 1967-12-12 | Sachsisches Kunstseidenwerk Si | Nozzle for spinning fibers and method of making such nozzles |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1990277A (en) * | 1930-09-13 | 1935-02-05 | Feussner Otto | Metals of the platinum group and certain alloys |
| US2115402A (en) * | 1936-06-11 | 1938-04-26 | American Enka Corp | Process for reconditioning spinnerets |
| US2496961A (en) * | 1946-10-15 | 1950-02-07 | Celanese Corp | Process for the production of spinning jets |
| US2539096A (en) * | 1949-09-19 | 1951-01-23 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electron tube and grid for the same |
| US2600175A (en) * | 1946-09-11 | 1952-06-10 | Metals & Controls Corp | Electrical contact |
-
1957
- 1957-08-02 US US675826A patent/US3044155A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1990277A (en) * | 1930-09-13 | 1935-02-05 | Feussner Otto | Metals of the platinum group and certain alloys |
| US2115402A (en) * | 1936-06-11 | 1938-04-26 | American Enka Corp | Process for reconditioning spinnerets |
| US2600175A (en) * | 1946-09-11 | 1952-06-10 | Metals & Controls Corp | Electrical contact |
| US2496961A (en) * | 1946-10-15 | 1950-02-07 | Celanese Corp | Process for the production of spinning jets |
| US2539096A (en) * | 1949-09-19 | 1951-01-23 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electron tube and grid for the same |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3210167A (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1965-10-05 | Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand | Metallic appliances and components subjected to contact with molten materials at high temperature |
| US3312537A (en) * | 1963-09-16 | 1967-04-04 | Fibreglass Ltd | Apertured body for the passage of molten glass |
| US3357047A (en) * | 1965-08-20 | 1967-12-12 | Sachsisches Kunstseidenwerk Si | Nozzle for spinning fibers and method of making such nozzles |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2897584A (en) | Gold plated electrical contact and similar elements | |
| US3730853A (en) | Electroplating bath for depositing tin-lead alloy plates | |
| US2085543A (en) | Process for coating metals | |
| US3461058A (en) | Method of producing a composite electrode | |
| US3044155A (en) | Spinnerette | |
| US2176668A (en) | Silver plating process | |
| US2093406A (en) | Stripping or transferring platinum metals | |
| US3500537A (en) | Method of making palladium coated electrical contacts | |
| US2577365A (en) | Rhodium plating | |
| US3515651A (en) | Plating solutions for rhodium and rhodium alloy platings having low internal stress | |
| DE3219666C2 (en) | Aqueous acid bath for electrodeposition of ruthenium and a method for electrodeposition of ruthenium using this bath | |
| US2221562A (en) | Electroplating | |
| Reid | Platinum Metal Plating—A Process and Applicational Survey | |
| DE827565C (en) | Process for the production of metal spinnerets with fine openings for the production of artificial threads | |
| US2866740A (en) | Electrodeposition of rhodium | |
| US3244603A (en) | Electrodeposition of a nickel-manganese alloy | |
| US3123544A (en) | Electrodeposition of ruthenium | |
| US2519858A (en) | Electrodeposition of nickel and nickel alloys | |
| US1757714A (en) | Nickel anode | |
| US1924439A (en) | Process of forming alloy materials by electroplating | |
| USRE20306E (en) | Method for gold plating | |
| US3528895A (en) | Plating low stress bright rhodium | |
| US2336615A (en) | Method of inhibiting formation of black spots on tinned copper | |
| US2992099A (en) | Rhodium alloy | |
| US2576922A (en) | Electrodeposition with nickel |