US3043768A - Electrodialysis apparatus with reversal of polarity - Google Patents

Electrodialysis apparatus with reversal of polarity Download PDF

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Publication number
US3043768A
US3043768A US20118A US2011860A US3043768A US 3043768 A US3043768 A US 3043768A US 20118 A US20118 A US 20118A US 2011860 A US2011860 A US 2011860A US 3043768 A US3043768 A US 3043768A
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United States
Prior art keywords
plate
liquid
membranes
compartments
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US20118A
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English (en)
Inventor
Olie Jacob Ruurd
Peter Johan Van Winsen
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Bronswerk NV
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Bronswerk NV
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation

Definitions

  • This cell-unit is clamped between two endplates, for example by means of drawbars mounted between said endplates.
  • the membrane stack may sometimes be interrupted by rigid frames positioned at intervals in the membrane stack, which rigid frames may be provided with separate inlet and outlet liquid connection pipes for the liquids.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus, in which the operation of reversal of polarity is reduced to a simple action.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a simple unit which can be operated by hand by unskilled persons.
  • the present invention mainly consists in that all of the liquid connections and both the electric connections are fed via one of the two endplates and via a connection plate which is fastened to said endplate so as to be detachable by a simple action and that in such a manner that, when the connection plate is rotated over a certain angle with respect to the adjoining endplate the connections for the electric current as well as the liquid connections for the desalting and concentrating compartments and those for the electrode chambers have all been interchanged.
  • the present invention may be employed in apparatus of high capacity, it is particularly important for small, easily manageable units.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section of the apparatus on the line I-I in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. la is a detail of the current path
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the end plate provided with the passage-ways for all the liquids and for the electric current;
  • FIG. 3 is a rear view of'the connection plate; FIG- URES 2 and 3 being drawn on a smaller scale than FIG- URE 1.
  • FIG. 1 the two end plates are indicated by reference numerals 1 and 2.
  • Said end plates are, as is usual, made of a hard, electrically non-conductive material such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyester.
  • the membrane stack is positioned against these two plates, said membrane stack comprising alternately disposed positive and negative selective membranes 3 and 4, spaced apart by supple cell frames 5 and separators 6.
  • Out of the four manifold channels for the supply and discharge of concentrate and dialysate which run through the membrane stack only channel 8 is visible in FIG. 1.
  • This channel is in a known way in open liquid connection with the series of alternating compartments 14 and, by means of packing rings 9, it is blocked from liquid connection with the other series of compartments 15.
  • the electrode 10 is placed in the electrode chamber 11 and the electrode 12 in electrode chamber 13. Now if the electrode 10 in the left part of FIG. 1 is positive with respect to the electrode 12, and the membranes 3 show a positive selectivity and the membranes 4 a negative selectivity then the compartments 14 are concentrating compartments and the compartments 15 are desalting compartments.
  • the anions go to the left and are let through by the positive membranes 3, but not by the negative membranes 4; the cations go to the right and are let through by the negative membranes 4, but not by the positive membranes 3, so the compartments 15 having a positive membrane to.
  • the left and a negative membrane to the right are desalting or diluting compartments and the compartments 14 having a negative membrane to the left and a positive membrane to the right are concentrating compartments.
  • a compartment 14, having a positive membrane to the right and a negative membrane to the left is changed into a desalting compartment.
  • Electrode 10 is provided with a current supply pin leading through plate 1.
  • Electrode 12 has a cur-rent supply pin 17, which is led through plate 2 and which is connected with a pin 18 mounted on the plate 1, via bores 19 in plate 2 and bores 20 in plate 1 and via a liquid-tight connection 21-22 (see also FIGpla) which is situated outside of the membrane stack.
  • plate 1 contains the apertures indicated by the numerals 23 to 30, inclusive, which in the position of the apparatus as shown in the drawings correspond with the apertures 31 to 38, respectively, in the connection plate 39.
  • the electrode chamber 13 in plate 2 is in liquid connection with aperture 24, via an opening in electrode 12, and via bores 40 in plate 2, connection piece 42, pipe 43, connection piece 44 and bores 45 in plate 1.
  • the electrode chamber 13 is in liquid connection with the aperture 28 in plate 1 in an analogous way.
  • the apertures 26 and 30 give on to the electrode chamber 11 (to which end the electrode 10 is provided with openings in the same way as the electrode 12).
  • the various apertures or" plate 39 are, for example, connected in the following manner (whereby the apertures in plate 1 which correspond therewith are added between brackets): 31(23) dialysate efiluent, 33(25) concentrate eflluent, 35(27) dialysate influent, 37 (29) concentrate infiuent; 32 and 34 electrode rinsing liquid eflluent (24 from plate 2, 26of plate 1, respectively), 36 and 38 electrode rinsing liquid influent (28 of plate 2, 30 of plate 1).
  • the apertures 32, 33 and 34 can be connected to a common discharge pipe, and in the same way the apertures 36, 37 and 38 can be connected to a common supply pipe.
  • two turn-buckles (which are not shown in the figure-but which are disposed on protrusions 62 of an exterior frame which further comprises the members 63 and 64 of angle iron, which bitch on to for instance two of the four extensions 46 of an angle steel frame 41, which is fastened on to the plate 1, and which turn-buckles keep the plates 1 and 39 clamped together, are now released by a simple action.
  • the membrane stack with its ends plates 1 and 2 which stack is joined to form a unit by a number of drawbars 65 co-operating with nuts 66, is taken apart, is rotated over 90 about an axis perpendicular to the end plates and, in the new position remounted onto the connection plate 39 by means of the said turn-buckles.
  • drawbars 65 co-operating with nuts 66
  • the connection plate 39 comprises four terminals 47 to 50, inclusive, for the supply of current, each of which is at its back side provided with a contact organ 61.
  • the terminals 47 and 49 are for example connected to thepositive pole of the current source and the terminals 48 and 50 to the negative pole, so that in the position as drawn in the FIGURE 1, the electrode is negative and the electrode 12 is positive.
  • connection 36 was previously connected With plate 2, electrode space 13 and is now connected with plate 1, electrode space 11 etc.
  • the membrane stack can be again rotated over 90", preferably always turning in the same direction, so that all the manifold channels passing through the membnanes alternately serve as supply channels and as discharge channels, and so that it becomes possible for any solid impurities proceedinging from the waste water which may be carried along in the channels to be rinsed farther outward.
  • the pollution of the dialysate which may hereby be caused generally is so slight percentually that the result of this process is a good usable drinking water, particularly when a bufifcr supply is used, which when employed in a lifeboat may advantageously contain for instance 80 litres.
  • short tube pieces 51 and 52 are provided on plate 1, and are arranged in the said apertures which tube pieces fit against packing rings 53 and 54 made of a resilient material such as soft rubber.
  • a good leak-proof and water-tight fitting together of the plates 1 and 39 when they are clamped on to each other can, however, be carried out in various ways.
  • a capacity of l. of drinking water in 8 hours, starting from sea water, was obtained.
  • the average current intensity was 2.75 A. to 40 volt.
  • the unit has been developed more particularly for use in a lifeboat. The capacity is amply suflicient for a longboat for 60 persons (the minimum requirement for drinking water being /2 .l. per head per day).
  • connection plate and the adjoining end plate are each provided with eight liquid connection pipes as described above, in such a way, that at a rotation of said plates relative to one another over an angle of the reversal .of polarity has been effected.
  • the number of liquid connections of the connection plate may be proportionally larger.
  • An improved electrodialytic multi-compartment apparatus comprising a plurality of ion-permeable membranes alternating with flexible frames to form a membrane stack comprising a plurality of narrow compartments bounded on their opposite major faces by said membranes and around their peripheries by said flexible frames; manifold channels leading through series of registering holes in the membranes to constitute continuous passages for the supply and discharge of liquids to the compartments; electrodes for the passage of current through the membrane stack; end plates at both ends of the stack having electrodes; means clamping the unit together in a liquid-tight manner, the improvements consisting in that all the liquid connection pipes for efiluent and influent liquids as well as the electric connection leads to the electrodes are mounted so as to lead through one of the two end plates and through a connection plate adjoining the said one end plate, means for detachably clamping said connection plate onto the said ad joining end plate in a liquid-tight manner, said pipes being situated in the said adjoining plates in such a way that after releasing the
  • connection plate as well as the adjoining end plate are provided with two alternating setsof four apertures being positioned at distances from the centre of the said plates, said distances being of each pair of corresponding apertures when the said 5 adjoining plates are clamped together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
US20118A 1959-04-08 1960-04-05 Electrodialysis apparatus with reversal of polarity Expired - Lifetime US3043768A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL3043768X 1959-04-08

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US3043768A true US3043768A (en) 1962-07-10

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US20118A Expired - Lifetime US3043768A (en) 1959-04-08 1960-04-05 Electrodialysis apparatus with reversal of polarity

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US (1) US3043768A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL96781C (en:Method)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5026465A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-06-25 Ionics, Incorporated Electrodeionization polarity reversal apparatus and process

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2059283A (en) * 1932-05-11 1936-11-03 Telefunken Gmbh Polarity reverser
US2792559A (en) * 1953-03-02 1957-05-14 Garland A Maberry Plug connector reversing switch
US2863813A (en) * 1956-09-14 1958-12-09 Ionics Method of electrodialyzing aqueous solutions

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2059283A (en) * 1932-05-11 1936-11-03 Telefunken Gmbh Polarity reverser
US2792559A (en) * 1953-03-02 1957-05-14 Garland A Maberry Plug connector reversing switch
US2863813A (en) * 1956-09-14 1958-12-09 Ionics Method of electrodialyzing aqueous solutions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5026465A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-06-25 Ionics, Incorporated Electrodeionization polarity reversal apparatus and process

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Publication number Publication date
NL96781C (en:Method)

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