US3043384A - Rotary earth drilling bit - Google Patents

Rotary earth drilling bit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3043384A
US3043384A US762168A US76216858A US3043384A US 3043384 A US3043384 A US 3043384A US 762168 A US762168 A US 762168A US 76216858 A US76216858 A US 76216858A US 3043384 A US3043384 A US 3043384A
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bit
blades
blade
radially
tips
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Expired - Lifetime
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US762168A
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Gault Thomas Glenn
Marry A Gault
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a rotary earth drilling bit, and more particularly such a bit designed for use in drilling holes for geophysical exploration, although this invention is capable of general earth boring use.
  • a shank attachable to a drilling pipe has blades to form the bore hole, and this bit is provided with water courses whereby a drilling fluid, such as a bentonite fluid or water or even air, is forced down the hollow drill pipe and issues through the water courses.
  • the bit is of larger diameter than the drill pipe, so that there will be a space between the drill pipe and the
  • the drilling fluid issuing through the water courses, carries the cuttings upwardly and to the surface where the cuttings will be separated in any suitable manner as by settling or by screens.
  • the drilling fluid is then again recirculated.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide a rotary earth drilling bit which is simple in construction, eflicient in its action and rugged.
  • the bit comprises a shank attachable to a drill pipe, with a series of blades extending downwardly from the shank and extending radially therefrom in angular spaced relation around the bit, the tips of the blades terminating in spaced relation to the axis of the bit to leave a water course between the tips.
  • the face of each blade extends generally radially but is inclined from the heel to the tip of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane. Bridges removed from the tips, connect the blades to leave additional water courses between the heels and the tips of the blades. This, moreover, provides a rugged construction in that the blades are not subject to distortion.
  • each blade is formed into a point extending axially and radially outwardly, and the cutting edge of each blade formed of parts which are in angular relation radially; but the parts on the several blades are in different angular relations in a manner as hereinafter more fully described.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the bit as attachable to a drill pipe to be positioned at the bottom of the bore hole;
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the bit looking upwardly towards the heel
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the bit like FIG. 1 rotated at 90;
  • FIG. 4 is a section on the line 4-4, FIG. 3.
  • a drill pipe which is hollow, and which is usually made up on sections coupled together by threads.
  • Screwed into the bottom of the drill pipe is a threaded shank 11, the threads being tapered.
  • Attached to the shank are a series of blades 12 each inclined in spaced relation to the axis of the bit and terminating in tips 8.
  • the shank 11 has a channel 2 to an enlarged chamber 3 which is contracted and leads to a narrow channel 13 in order to provide a jet.
  • the tips 8 extend radially inwardly and terminate in radially spaced and in circumferentially spaced but in overlapping relation.
  • the outer sides 12 of the blades are parallel as shown at 30, so as to form a guide for the drill as it progresses.
  • the face 16 of each blade extends generally radially, but is inclined from the heel 31 to the tip 8 of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the entire cutting edge of the blade is provided with hard metal facings 9 of tungsten carbide, which are welded to the body of the bit structure, which is usually of steel or iron. This provides cutting edges which are slicing in their action as distinguished from the construction where the faces of the are simply vertical.
  • each blade adjacent the middle water course 3 is formed into a point extending axially and radially outwardly, and the cutting face of this point is formed of faced parts 18 and 19, which are in angular relation radially and vertically to such point.
  • the parts 18 and 19 on the several blades are in different angular relations, that is the angle between the faced parts 18 and 19 varies with the bit rotating in the direction of the arrow FIG. 2, progressively from blade to blade as we. proceed circumferentially around the bit; as an example the angles vary progressively, as indicated in FIG. 2, and
  • the bottom of each blade is provided with indentations 21 to provide a series of steps.
  • Each blade is also provided with channels 22 and 32 extending from the heel 31 of the bit towards the tip 8.
  • the bit is attached to the drill pipe and proceeds to bore the bore hole 23 larger than the drill pipe.
  • drilling fluid forced down the drill pipe passes through the narrow water course 13 and as a jet onto the tips of the blades so as to free the cuttings from the tips 8.
  • the action is also one of providing a jet to the bottom of the formation and onto the cuttings.
  • the drilling fluid passes upwardly through the channels 22 and 32.
  • the drilling fluid also issues from the additional water courses 15 between the blades and again passes upwardly through the channels 22 and 32.
  • the drilling fluid from the bottom of the hole passes upwardly into the space 24 outside of the drill pipe 10 and to the top of the well.
  • the action will be one of slicing instead of simply scraping. Accordingly, the bit will remain sharper longer than if those faces were vertical.
  • the jet impinging on the tips of the blades will keep them clean, particularly in formations which are gummy.
  • the cuts will be taken successively by the sets of cutting edges of the parts 18 and 19 of the blades as we proceed circumferentially in the direction of the arrow FIG. 2.
  • the cutting parts at 120 will take a shallow cut
  • the cutting parts at 145 will take a deeper cut
  • the cutting parts at 170 will take a still deeper cut; accordingly chattering of the bit will be reduced.
  • the channel 2 of FIG. 1 leads to the enlarged chamber 3 which is downwardly contracted to the channel 13 terminating above the blades is adapted to project a jet downwardly onto the blade tips.
  • a rotary drilling bit comprising, a shank attachable to a drill pipe, a series of blades each extending radially from said shank, the blades terminating radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relations, each blade being provided with parts having cutting edges which are in angular relation radially and vertically to a point, the angular relations between the cutting edges of successive blades increasing successively from blade to blade circumferentially around the bit.
  • a rotary drilling bit comprising, a shank attachable to a drill pipe, a series of blades each extending radially from said shank, the blades terminating radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relations, each blade being provided with parts having cutting edges which are in angular relation radially and vertically to a point, the angular relations between the cutting edges of successive blades increasing successively from blade to blade circumferentially around the bit, the face of each blade extending generally radially but being inclined from the heel to the tip of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane.
  • a rotary drilling bit comprising, a shank attachable to a drill pipe, a series of blades each extending radially from said shank, the blades terminating radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relations, each blade being provided with parts having cutting edges which are in angular relation radially and vertically to a point, the angular relations between the cutting edges of successive blades increasing successively from blade to blade circuinferentially around the bit, said shank having a central downwardly contracted channel adapted to project a jet downwardly, the tips of the blades extending radially inwardly into the path of the jet projected from said channel, and bridges connecting said blades above said tips and radially outside of said channel, there being radial water courses located above said bridges and connected with said channel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

July 10, 1962 E. G. GAULT ETAL ROTARY EARTH DRILLING BIT Filed Sept. 19, 1958 FIG. 4
INVENTORS ERROL. GLENN GAULT THOMAS GLENN GAULT BY aki ATTORNEY FIG.
' bore hole wall.
United States Gault, deceased Filed Sept. 19, 1958, Ser. No. 762,168 3 Claims. (Cl. 175-385) This invention relates to a rotary earth drilling bit, and more particularly such a bit designed for use in drilling holes for geophysical exploration, although this invention is capable of general earth boring use.
In bits of the character described, a shank attachable to a drilling pipe has blades to form the bore hole, and this bit is provided with water courses whereby a drilling fluid, such as a bentonite fluid or water or even air, is forced down the hollow drill pipe and issues through the water courses. The bit is of larger diameter than the drill pipe, so that there will be a space between the drill pipe and the The drilling fluid issuing through the water courses, carries the cuttings upwardly and to the surface where the cuttings will be separated in any suitable manner as by settling or by screens. The drilling fluid is then again recirculated.
One of the objects of this invention is to provide a rotary earth drilling bit which is simple in construction, eflicient in its action and rugged.
Further objects will appear from the detailed description in which will be set out an illustrative embodiment of this invention; it is to be understood, however, that this invention is capable of various embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.
Generally stated and in accordance with the illustrative embodiment, the bit comprises a shank attachable to a drill pipe, with a series of blades extending downwardly from the shank and extending radially therefrom in angular spaced relation around the bit, the tips of the blades terminating in spaced relation to the axis of the bit to leave a water course between the tips. The face of each blade extends generally radially but is inclined from the heel to the tip of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane. Bridges removed from the tips, connect the blades to leave additional water courses between the heels and the tips of the blades. This, moreover, provides a rugged construction in that the blades are not subject to distortion. The tip of each blade is formed into a point extending axially and radially outwardly, and the cutting edge of each blade formed of parts which are in angular relation radially; but the parts on the several blades are in different angular relations in a manner as hereinafter more fully described.
Referring to the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side view of the bit as attachable to a drill pipe to be positioned at the bottom of the bore hole;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the bit looking upwardly towards the heel;
FIG. 3 is a view of the bit like FIG. 1 rotated at 90; and
FIG. 4 is a section on the line 4-4, FIG. 3.
Referring to the accompanying drawing, designates a drill pipe, which is hollow, and which is usually made up on sections coupled together by threads. Screwed into the bottom of the drill pipe is a threaded shank 11, the threads being tapered. Attached to the shank are a series of blades 12 each inclined in spaced relation to the axis of the bit and terminating in tips 8. The shank 11 has a channel 2 to an enlarged chamber 3 which is contracted and leads to a narrow channel 13 in order to provide a jet. As shown in FIG. 2, the tips 8 extend radially inwardly and terminate in radially spaced and in circumferentially spaced but in overlapping relation. The tips 8,
however, extend radially inwardly and into the path of the jet from the narrow channel 13. The blades are, however, connected by bridges 14 removed upwardly from the tips 8 and so as to make a rugged structure, but these bridges leave additional water courses 15 between the blades. The water courses 15 are connected to the interior enlarged channel 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.
The outer sides 12 of the blades are parallel as shown at 30, so as to form a guide for the drill as it progresses. The face 16 of each blade extends generally radially, but is inclined from the heel 31 to the tip 8 of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane as shown in FIG. 1. The entire cutting edge of the blade is provided with hard metal facings 9 of tungsten carbide, which are welded to the body of the bit structure, which is usually of steel or iron. This provides cutting edges which are slicing in their action as distinguished from the construction where the faces of the are simply vertical.
The tip of each blade adjacent the middle water course 3 is formed into a point extending axially and radially outwardly, and the cutting face of this point is formed of faced parts 18 and 19, which are in angular relation radially and vertically to such point. In the embodiment shown,'the parts 18 and 19 on the several blades are in different angular relations, that is the angle between the faced parts 18 and 19 varies with the bit rotating in the direction of the arrow FIG. 2, progressively from blade to blade as we. proceed circumferentially around the bit; as an example the angles vary progressively, as indicated in FIG. 2, and The bottom of each blade is provided with indentations 21 to provide a series of steps. Each blade is also provided with channels 22 and 32 extending from the heel 31 of the bit towards the tip 8.
In use, the bit is attached to the drill pipe and proceeds to bore the bore hole 23 larger than the drill pipe. During the drilling operation, drilling fluid forced down the drill pipe passes through the narrow water course 13 and as a jet onto the tips of the blades so as to free the cuttings from the tips 8. The action is also one of providing a jet to the bottom of the formation and onto the cuttings. From the jet, the drilling fluid passes upwardly through the channels 22 and 32. The drilling fluid also issues from the additional water courses 15 between the blades and again passes upwardly through the channels 22 and 32. Finally the drilling fluid from the bottom of the hole passes upwardly into the space 24 outside of the drill pipe 10 and to the top of the well.
Because of the formation of the blades, which are each inclined from the heel 31 to the tip 8' of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane, the action will be one of slicing instead of simply scraping. Accordingly, the bit will remain sharper longer than if those faces were vertical. In view of the fact that the blades terminate radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relation and that the tips of the blades extend radially inwardly into the path of the jet projected from the downwardly contracted channel 13, the jet impinging on the tips of the blades will keep them clean, particularly in formations which are gummy. As the bit proceeds downwardly the cuts will be taken successively by the sets of cutting edges of the parts 18 and 19 of the blades as we proceed circumferentially in the direction of the arrow FIG. 2. Thus the cutting parts at 120 will take a shallow cut, the cutting parts at 145 will take a deeper cut, and the cutting parts at 170 will take a still deeper cut; accordingly chattering of the bit will be reduced. The channel 2 of FIG. 1 leads to the enlarged chamber 3 which is downwardly contracted to the channel 13 terminating above the blades is adapted to project a jet downwardly onto the blade tips.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A rotary drilling bit, comprising, a shank attachable to a drill pipe, a series of blades each extending radially from said shank, the blades terminating radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relations, each blade being provided with parts having cutting edges which are in angular relation radially and vertically to a point, the angular relations between the cutting edges of successive blades increasing successively from blade to blade circumferentially around the bit.
2. A rotary drilling bit, comprising, a shank attachable to a drill pipe, a series of blades each extending radially from said shank, the blades terminating radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relations, each blade being provided with parts having cutting edges which are in angular relation radially and vertically to a point, the angular relations between the cutting edges of successive blades increasing successively from blade to blade circumferentially around the bit, the face of each blade extending generally radially but being inclined from the heel to the tip of the blade in the direction of rotation of the bit with respect to an axial plane.
3. A rotary drilling bit, comprising, a shank attachable to a drill pipe, a series of blades each extending radially from said shank, the blades terminating radially and circumferentially in spaced overlapping relations, each blade being provided with parts having cutting edges which are in angular relation radially and vertically to a point, the angular relations between the cutting edges of successive blades increasing successively from blade to blade circuinferentially around the bit, said shank having a central downwardly contracted channel adapted to project a jet downwardly, the tips of the blades extending radially inwardly into the path of the jet projected from said channel, and bridges connecting said blades above said tips and radially outside of said channel, there being radial water courses located above said bridges and connected with said channel.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,746,423 Hartman Feb. 11, 1930 1,854,911 Scott Apr. 19, 1932 1,974,664 Patten Sept. 25, 1934 2,252,168 Creighton Aug. 12, 1941 2,504,978 Henning Apr. 25, 1950 2,614,814 Jones et al. Oct. 21, 1952 2,656,153 White Oct. 20, 1953 2,867,413 Olsen Jan. 6, 1959 2,894,726 Weaver et al July 14, 1959 2,950,089 Irons Aug. 23, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS 505,080 Canada Aug. 17, 1954
US762168A 1958-09-19 1958-09-19 Rotary earth drilling bit Expired - Lifetime US3043384A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4683965A (en) * 1986-07-07 1987-08-04 Walton Paul G Triangular oil well drill bit for use in unconsolidated formations
US4819747A (en) * 1986-07-07 1989-04-11 Walton Paul G Triangular oil well drill bit for use in unconsolidated formations
WO1990012191A1 (en) * 1989-04-06 1990-10-18 Walton Paul G Triangular oil well drill bit

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1746423A (en) * 1925-09-30 1930-02-11 Hartman William Walter Well-drilling bit
US1854911A (en) * 1929-03-12 1932-04-19 Hughes Tool Co Earth boring drill
US1974664A (en) * 1932-01-04 1934-09-25 Thomas C Patten Tubing bottom
US2252168A (en) * 1940-06-17 1941-08-12 Martha H Wright Well bit
US2504978A (en) * 1946-02-11 1950-04-25 Frederick E Henning Earth auger
US2614814A (en) * 1948-12-23 1952-10-21 Joy Mfg Co Coal drill bit
US2656153A (en) * 1949-09-12 1953-10-20 Thomas A White Rotary drilling bit
CA505080A (en) * 1954-08-17 G. Green Gwylam Rock drill bit
US2867413A (en) * 1955-12-19 1959-01-06 Ole K Olsen Well drilling bits
US2894726A (en) * 1956-04-10 1959-07-14 Earl M Weaver Drilling bit
US2950089A (en) * 1957-09-11 1960-08-23 Ole K Olsen Rotary drilling bits

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA505080A (en) * 1954-08-17 G. Green Gwylam Rock drill bit
US1746423A (en) * 1925-09-30 1930-02-11 Hartman William Walter Well-drilling bit
US1854911A (en) * 1929-03-12 1932-04-19 Hughes Tool Co Earth boring drill
US1974664A (en) * 1932-01-04 1934-09-25 Thomas C Patten Tubing bottom
US2252168A (en) * 1940-06-17 1941-08-12 Martha H Wright Well bit
US2504978A (en) * 1946-02-11 1950-04-25 Frederick E Henning Earth auger
US2614814A (en) * 1948-12-23 1952-10-21 Joy Mfg Co Coal drill bit
US2656153A (en) * 1949-09-12 1953-10-20 Thomas A White Rotary drilling bit
US2867413A (en) * 1955-12-19 1959-01-06 Ole K Olsen Well drilling bits
US2894726A (en) * 1956-04-10 1959-07-14 Earl M Weaver Drilling bit
US2950089A (en) * 1957-09-11 1960-08-23 Ole K Olsen Rotary drilling bits

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4683965A (en) * 1986-07-07 1987-08-04 Walton Paul G Triangular oil well drill bit for use in unconsolidated formations
US4819747A (en) * 1986-07-07 1989-04-11 Walton Paul G Triangular oil well drill bit for use in unconsolidated formations
WO1990012191A1 (en) * 1989-04-06 1990-10-18 Walton Paul G Triangular oil well drill bit

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