US3043087A

US3043087A - Process for making alternating twist slub yarn using a fluid vortex

Info

Publication number: US3043087A
Application number: US83606A
Authority: US
Inventors: Breen Alvin Leonard; Sussman Martin Victor
Original assignee: EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Current assignee: EIDP Inc
Priority date: 1959-12-22
Filing date: 1961-01-12
Publication date: 1962-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 1979-07-10

Description

11113710, 1952 A. L. BREEN ET 3,043,087

PROCESS FOR MAKING ALTERNATI TWIST SLUB YARN ING A FLUID VORTEX Origin Filed Dec. 22, 1959 e W 5 4 I/IIIjII/IIII and!!! III S j WW grwvwtms ALVIN LEONARD BREEN MARTIN VICTOR SUSSMA N United States Patent PROCESS FOR MAKING ALTERNATING TWIST SLUB YARN USING A FLUID VORTEX Alvin Leonard Breen, West Chester, Pa., and Martin Victor Sussman, Istanbul, Turkey, assignors to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Original application Dec. 22, 1959, Ser. No. 861,368, new Patentl lo. 2,997,837, dated Aug. 29, 1961. Divided and this application Jan. 12, 1961, Ser. No. 83,606

4 Claims. (Cl. 57-157) This invention relates to a novel yarn product and process for preparing it, and more particularly to the process of preparing the slub yarns of application Serial No. 861,368, filed December 22, 1959, and is a division of that application. Said application is now US. Patent No. 2,997,837 issued August 29, 1961.

According to this invention there is provided a slub yarn in which each slub contains both 8 and Z twist. Such a yarn is prepared by passing a continuous running filamentary carrier strand axially through a fluid vortex formed by a jet of fluid with velocity at least /2 sonic, thereby twisting the strand and causing it to balloon immediately upstream of the fluid vortex, feeding a second filamentary material to wrap about the ballooning portion of the continuously running strand to form a slub and permitting the slub to be carried by the carrier strand through the fluid vortex where it'is wrapped firmly about the carrier strand with both 8 and Z twist.

Typical slub yarns produced in accordance with this invention are shownin FIGURES I, II, and III of the attached drawing. FIGURE IV illustrates schematically a preferred embodiment of the process of this invention.

FIGURES V and VI illustrate one embodiment of a fluid but plied sections of the yarn are twisted in the twist direction that exists downstream of the twister.

FIGURE III shows a slub yarn which is referred to as a crepe tail slub yarn. It is made by processing at low tension of about 3 grams or less. The high twist imparted to the yarn by an elficient fluid twister at this low ten- .sion causes the yarn to form branched slubs which pass through the twister. The stability of the branched slubs can be increased by size applied to the yarn before it en tcrs the twister.

FIGURE IV illustrates an assembly and process for producing the slub yarns of this invention. In using the assembly of FIGURE V, a continuous or staple filament yarn is unwound from 'package 140, passed over pin 141, through nip rollers 142, and subjected to the crank twisting action by fluid twister 143. The cranking action upon the yarn is shown by dotted lines 150. In

the specific illustration shown, short lengths of a second filamentary material 144 are dropped from reservoir 145 upon the carrier yarn as it is cranked and twisted with the result that the short lengths of filamentary material are wound tightly about the cranking (carrier) yam and become firmly bound thereto to form slubs. Alternatively, the slubs may be formed on the carrier yarn downstream of the fluid twister but this procedure is less desirable because slubs are even more firmly bound to the carrying yarn as the yarn carrying the slubs passes through fluid twister 143. The slub yarn product is then passed through nip rollers 147 and wound on package roll 148 which is driven by drive roll 149. In operating in accordance with this embodiment, the carrying yarn may be either staple or continuous filament yarn, and the secondary yarn, which is added to form slubs, may be short lengths of fibers or yarns or a staple or continuous filament yarn.

FIGURES V and VI show plane and end views, respectively, of a representative fluid twister useful in this in-. vention. In this twister, axial yarn passageway 51 is substantially cylindrical in form throughout its length. A conduit for fluid 52 intercepts the yarn passageway at 53 at an angle of about degrees to the axis thereof and is positioned so that the longitudinal axis of the fluid conduit 52 does not intersect the longitudinal axis of yarn passageway 51, as shown in FIGURE VI. When gas under pressure is passed through fluid conduit 52 so that it reaches at least sonic velocity upon emerging into the yarn passageway 51, suflicient torque upon any yarn in the yarn passageway is created to produce a high rate of crank twisting if the yarn is maintained at a tension of less than about 15 grams. At relatively high fluid velocities less dense fluids may be employed to obtain substantially the same torque produced by a higher density fluid traveling at lower velocity. Fluid may be supplied to the fluid conduit 52 by any convenient means.

It is an important feature of this invention that during the twisting of the yarn bundle the yarn undergoes a cranking action, that is, the longitudinal axis of the yarn describes a surface similar to the inner surface of the yarn passageway and spaced from the inner surface of the yam passageway by a distance equal to about the radius of the yarn bundle. This feature of the instant invention is illustrated in FIGURE VI. FIGURE VI illustrates direct twisting of a yarn bundle 59 in yarn passageway 51 and shows, by arrows, that the yarn twists about its axis in the same direction as fluid flow about the inner periphery of the yarn passageway while the axis of the yarn bundle describes a surface spaced from the inner surface of the yarn passageway by a distance at least the radius of the yarn bundle, both surfaces having a common longitudinal axis.

Because the fluid twisting devices utilized in this invention twist yarns at exceedingly high rates (turns per minute) at exceedingly high throughput speeds (yarns per minute), slub yarns of this invention may be produced very efiiciently.

The fluid utilized in the fluid twisting device may be any compressible fluid, but inert gaseous materials such as steam, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., are preferred. A wide variety of fluid twisters useful in this invention and conditions for operating them are set forth in application Serial No. 598,135 filed July 16, 1956, by Breen and Sussman. The manner in which the process conditions disclosed in that application may be employed to produce a variety of slub yarns of this invention will be apparcut to one skilled the art, For purposes of this invention it is obviously necessary. to use a fluid twister having a yarn passageway sufiiciently large to permit smooth passage of both carrier yarn and slubs without undue friclayers of the slubbing yarn are wrapped. The tension on the carrier yarn is maintained constant at between 10 and 25 grams, whereas the tension on the slubbing yarn is varied in a rapid and random fashion between and 25 Process twist";

tion or drag. The process of this invention isrparticularly grams. Wrap-ping occurs when the tension in the slubadvantageous not only because of its efliciency and high bing yarn drops below the tension in the carrier yarn. production rate, but also because the fluid vortex opens Layered slubs occur when the tension in the slubbin-g yarn up the carrier yarn bundle sufliciently to insert and 'inter approaches zero grams. The wrapping and carrying funcmingle slub yarn fibers between and among fibers of the tions of eachyarn may be reversed by reversing the relacarrier yarn, thereby producing a slubiyarn in which the tive tension levels. Process conditions are shown in Exslubs, in addition to their unique twist, are firmly attached ample II of Table I. 1 to the carrier yarn, A fluid twister is particularly adapted to making of In operating-the process of this invention, yarn tension 5111b Ya Since the twister Y Passage ofiefs little is generally maintained at less than about half the breaksistance to the passag of a wheffifis mechanical ing tension of the yarn being processed and preferably betwisters snub the yarn over pins, wheels, etc., which would tween about 0.1 and about 25 grams, Twisting rates ofier substantial resistance to the passage of slubs, with equivalent to between 100,000 and 1,200,0(l0 turns per the result that the threadline would be subject to firequent minute are easily obtained. breakdowns. V

The following examples illustrate the invention. By varying the tension of the carrier yarn as vpasses EXAMPLE I throughthe fluid twister, in accordance with the disclosure a V V in copending application Serial No. 598,135 filediluly 16, I Using the setup shown in FIGURE IV, poly(hexameth- 1956, by Breen and Suss'ma'n, the carrier yarn'is formed ylene adipamide) yarn is taken from apackage, passed into an alternating twist configuration and'the slubs are through the feed rolls, through a fluid twister operating on wrapped about this yarn so that the product is a slub yarn 40 pounds per square inch air to a windup roll, and finally in which the carrier portion of the filaments possesses a to a baclcwindable package; Windup speed is 160 y.p.m. variable degree of twist or possibly alternating twist. In Tension in the threadline is maintained at 10 grams. 7 the yarn of FIGURE II, for example, the carrier filament Immediately upstream of the twister, pieces of staple bundle between slubs has a twist opposite to that of the yarn (1.5 denier per filament, 3 inch viscose) are fed to slubs whereas the carrier filament bundle within the slubs the cranking, twisting threadline from a hopper. On conhas a twist in the same direction as the slubs.

Table I Example I Example II Carrier Slub Carrier Slub Yarn material p0ly(hexamethyl- Viscose" poly(hexamethyl- Viscose.

' one adipamide) ene adipamide).

Initial Twist--. Feed speed (y.p.m.) Windup speed (y.p.m.).-. 160 Tension (gms) 0-25.

yarn is shown in FIGURE 1. in that the slub is held to the carrier yarn with two direc- Fluid twister."

Heat-setting t C Type heater T Twisting action Direct Direct Product characterization. Slub Yarn Air Passage diameter 7 (inches); 1 hole at .040

Yarn Passage diameter inches) .063"

tactung the cranking, twisting threadhne, the staple fibers EXAMPLE III,

are immediately entrained into the threadline by the rapid V cranking rotation, and form randomly spaced slubs along the threadlin e. ,An enlarged illustration of the slubbed The slub yarn is novel tions oft-twist. One end of the slub is twisted in the S di rection, the other end is twisted in theZ direction. The process conditions are shown in Example'l of Table 1.

EXAMPLE 11' A slub yarn comprising slubs of continuous filament on acontinuous filament carrier yarn is prepared by substituting a continuous filament package for the reservoir 145 The procedure of Example I is followed except that sure, continuous filament yarn which is to' be used for slubbing, is allowed to contact the rotating carrier yarn .threadline. The slubbingyarn is immediately wrapped about the carrier yarn andforms slubs which consist of short sections of carrier yarn about which numerous the yarn to form branched slubswhich pass through the twister. The product is a so-called -crepe tail slub yarn as illustrated in FIGURE, IH. The stability of the branched slubs can be improved 'byapplication of size to the yarn before it enters the twister. J

A similar slub yarnis produced by plucking a threadline passing through the twister so as to create short rapid tension changes; Of course, the over-all tension should be maintained low. a

' The examples in Table II illustrate the operation of g the processor this invention under various conditions and with'a variety of yarns, both natural and synthetic.

.Air was used as the'twisting fluid in all examples, and

air velocity was at least /2 sonic. I V, W This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 598,135 filed Iuly'16, 1956, by Breen and .Sussman. 7 p v Table II Example IV Example V Carrier Slub Carrier Slub Yarn Material Dacron" Wool Silk "Orion". Denier- 250 64's. 1 15 3. N0. Filaments 50 14 Source Spin Bobbin Cone Type of Yarn Continuous Staple Continuous Staple. Initial Twist.-- 16 14 Z 0. Feed Speed (y.p.m.) Tension Gate- Tension Gate- Intermittent. Windup Speed (y.p.m.).-.. 10 67 67. Tension (gms.) 0-20. Process Twist Z. Fluid Twister.- Figs. V and VI. Air Pressure (p.s.1.g.)-..-.. 40. Twisting Action Direct. Product Characterization Slub Yarn. Ai(r hPassage Diameter 1 hole at .0625.. .0625 1 hole at .0625- .0625.

inc es Yarn Passage Diameter .1250 .1250 .1250 .1250.

(inches).

Example VI Example VII Carrier Slub Carrier Slub Yarn Material Wool Nylon Orion Dacron." Denier. 18s cc 100 3. NO. Filaments 4O Source Co Tube Type of Yarn. Spun Smnle Continuous Staple. Initial Twist 122-- 0 .37 0. Feed Speed (y.p.m.)-- Tension Gate.. Intermittent Tension Gate. Intermittent. Windup Speed (y p m. 67 67 67. Tension (gms.) 5-20 0-20 -20 0-25. Process Twist Z Z Z. Fluid Twister Figs. V and VI.-.. Figs. V and VI Figs V and VI.-.. Figs. V and VI. Air Pressure (p.s.i.g.)- 40 40 40.. 40. Twisting Action Direct Direct Direct Direct. Product Characterization Slub Yaru.. Slub Yarn Slub Yarn.; Slub Yarn. Ai(r hPa)ssage Diameter 1 hold at .0625 .0625 1 hold at .0625-.--- 25.

inc es Yarn Passage Diameter 1250 .1250 .1250 .1250.

(inches).

Example VIII Example IX Cartier Slub Carrier Slub Yarn Material Dacron" Acetate Nylon Orion. Denier- 7 300 70.-. 3. No. Filaments--- 34 80 34 Source Spin Bobbin Cake Pirn.-- Type of Yarn Continuous Continuous.----... Continuous Staple. Initial Twist 0 Z 0. Feed Speed (y.p.m.) Tension Gate.- Intermittent Tension Gate--.-- lnlgerllrinttent 10 up. Windup Speed (y.p.m.).-.. 67 67-100 67.. 67. Tension (gins) 10-20 0-20 -25 Process Tw Z Z-- Z Z. Fluid Twister Figs. V and VI-. Figs. V and VI.... Figs. V and VI..- Figs. V and VI. Air Pressure (p.s.i.g.)..- 40 40 40. Twisting Action Direct Dire-0t Direct Direct. Product Characterization-. Slub Yarn Slub Yarn Slub Yarn Slub Yarn. Air Passage Diameter 1 hole at .0625..- 1 hole at .0625--- .0625.

(inches). Yarn Passage Diameter .1250.. .1250.- .1250 .1250.

(inches).

Example X Example XI Carrier Slub Carrier Slub Yarn Material Nylon (Bulk)- Cotton Middling.. Egyptian Cotton.. Middling Cotton. Denier--- 28's on No. Filaments.-.- 34

ource. Pirn. Cone Type of Yarn Continuous Staple Spun Staple. Initial Twist. 1/22 0 24-1-2.-. 0. Feed Speed (y.p.m.) Tension Gate..--- Intermittent Tension Gate.--" Intermittent. Windup Speed (y.p.m.) 67 67 67 67. Tension (gins) 10-20 0-25 15-20 0-20. Process Twist Z.-. Z Z-.- Z. Fluid Twister Figs. V and VI-- Figs. V and VI-... Figs. V and VL-.- Figs. Vand VI. Air Pressure (p.s.i.g.) 30 30 4o 40. Twisting Action Direct Direct Direct Direct. Product Characterizatiom- Slub Yarn..- Slub Yarn- Slub Yarn--. Slub Yarn. Air Passage Diameter 1 hole at .0625--.-. 1 hole at .0625 .0625.

(inches). Yarn Passage Diameter (inches) 1250-- .1250-- .1250 .1250.

T able IIContinued l. A process comprising passing a continuous running filamentary carrier strand axially through a fluid vortex formed by a jet of fluid'with velocity at least /2 sonic, thereby twisting the strand and causing it to balloon immediately upstream of the fluid vortex, feeding a second filamentary material to wrap .about the ballooning portion of the continuously runningstrand to form a slub and permitting the slub to be carried by the carrier strand through the fluid vortex Where it is'wrapped firmly about the carrier strand.

2. The process of claim 1 in which the second filamentary material is in the form of individual staple fibers.

Example XII Example XIII Carrier Slub Carrier Slub Yarn Material Dacron" Ny1on Nylon Dacron." Denier 10 7 4.75. No. Filaments- 34 34 Source" Gone Pirn- Pir Type of Yarn Spun C0ntinuous Continuous Staple. Initial Twist. 2.5-.- i Z 1 7 Feed Speed (y.p.m.) Tension Gate. 67-100 Tension Intermittent; Windup Speed (y.p.m.). 61- 4n 40. Tension (gms) 5-10 o-m 10-20 0-20, Process Tw Z e Z. Z Z. Fluid Twister Figs. V and VI Figs. V and VI Figs. V and VI-- Figs. V and. VI. Air Pressure (p.s.i.g.) 4 40 40 40. Twisting minu Dire Dir Direct Direct. Product Characterization Slub Yarn Slub Yarn Slub Yarn Slub Yarn. Ai(r h]?a)ssage Diameter 1 hole at .0625.- .0625. 1 hole at .0625 .0625.

me as Yarn Passage Diameter .1250 .1250 .1250 .1250. (inches).

We claim: 3. The process of claim 1 in which thesecond filamentary material is in the form of staple yarn.

4. The process of claim 1 in which the second filamen- 25 tary material is a yarn of continuous filaments.

Refere'nces Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 72,751,747 Burle'son June 26, 1956 p FOREIGN PATENTS 355,447 Great Britain Aug. 27; 1931