US3041915A - Process for the manufacture of net-like structures from synthetic fibers - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of net-like structures from synthetic fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3041915A
US3041915A US739691A US73969158A US3041915A US 3041915 A US3041915 A US 3041915A US 739691 A US739691 A US 739691A US 73969158 A US73969158 A US 73969158A US 3041915 A US3041915 A US 3041915A
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net
structures
fibers
manufacture
synthetic fibers
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US739691A
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Ryffel Kaspar
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Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung
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Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04G—MAKING NETS BY KNOTTING OF FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; MAKING KNOTTED CARPETS OR TAPESTRIES; KNOTTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D04G1/00—Making nets by knotting of filamentary material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/81—Plastic net
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • Synthetic fibers particularly those of polyesters, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylchloride and polyamides, usually have a circular diameter and a smooth surface. They thereby ditfer principally from natural fibers such as wool, cotton and silk, which have a rough, scaly surface structure.
  • knitted structures can be manufactured from polycaprolactam wires which are quenched in oily liquids immediately after leaving the spinning jet.
  • the slide resistance of the loops is effected by a heat treatment under tension.
  • net-like structures having knots resistant to sliding can be manufactured from synthetic fibers of non-circular cross-section, particularly of angular cross-section.
  • the object of the present invention is not a method for the preparation of fibers having a non-circular cross-section, but it is a manufacture of net like, knotted structures from non-circular synthetic fibers. It has been found that among wires having non-circular cross-sections those having a triangular shape are particularly suited for the manufacture of net-like structures having knots resistant to sliding. The employment of ribbon-shaped synthetic wire leads to results not quite as good with regard to the slide resistance and to the tightness of the knots.
  • oily liquids high-boiling fractions of the petroleum distillation having low volatility may be used, e.g., parafiin oil.
  • Nets made according to the present invention are highly suited for use as fish nets.
  • FIG. 1 is a monofilament of triangular cross section which may be used for producing a net according to the instant invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a monofilament of rectangular cross section which can be used for the same purpose.
  • FIG. 3 shows a knot tied from a triangular thread.
  • FIG. 4 shows the same knot in loosened condition indicatin g the strands with greater clarity.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical side view of a heat-setting device.
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatical view of a net.
  • FIGURE 5 the points 3 and 4 show the knots as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the net 4 corresponding to FIG. 4, enters the device over rollers 5, 6 and 7, revolving at the same speed; 8, 9 and 10 are rollers, also rotating at the same speed but faster than rollers 5, 6 and 7.
  • the envelopes 11 contain the heating elements 12.
  • Example 1 A net is made in a known manner from a polycaprolactam fiber whose cross-section of 0.052 rnm. has; the shape of an equilateral triangle. The net is spread in such a manner that the knots are exposed for 5 minutes to a tension of 1 kg. The tightness of the knot thereafter is 2.8 kg., the resistance to sliding is 0.81 kg. If the net during stretching is simultaneously subjected to a heat treatment so that the knots are exposed to a temperature of C. for 5 minutes under tension, the slide resistance is 1.65 kg.
  • the cross-section of the polycaprolactam Wire is rectangular instead of triangular, i.e. if the wire is a ribbon of the dimensions 0.5 x 0.1 mm., the tightness of the unfixed knot is 2.8 kg, whereas the slide resistance of the unfixed knot is 0.64 kg. and that of the fixed knot is 1.08 kg.
  • the tightness of the knot is 1.79 kg.
  • the slide resistance of the unfixed knot is 0.48 kg.
  • the slide resistance for the fixed knot is 0.75 kg.
  • Example 2 The method is the same as described in Example 1 except that polycaprolactam fibers having a cross-section of 0.126 mm. are used. In nets made from triangular wires, the tightness of the knot is 4.5 kg, the slide resistance of the unfixed knot after stretching for 5 minutes at a tension of 2.5 kg. per knot at room temperature is 1.30 kg.
  • a process for the manufacture of net-like structures 3 having tight and slide-resistant knots, made of polycaprolactarrrfibers-containing low-molecularconstituents and having angular cross section, which comprises extruding said po lyoaprolactam into fibers and quenching them into an oily 1iquid,* knotting the fibers into a net,-andtsubjecting the net to a tension of approximately 1 kg. for approximate1y5minutes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

July 3, 1962 K. RYFFEL 3,
PROCESS FOR THE. MANUFACTURE OF NET-LIKE STRUCTURES FROM SYNTHETIC FIBERS Filed June 4, 1958 5 mlllllllll INVENTOR.
KASPAR RYFFEL MESTERN 8 MEST'ERN United States Patent PRGCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NET-LIKE Synthetic fibers, particularly those of polyesters, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylchloride and polyamides, usually have a circular diameter and a smooth surface. They thereby ditfer principally from natural fibers such as wool, cotton and silk, which have a rough, scaly surface structure.
Synthetic fibers of a diameter of 0.05 mm. often are referred to as wires and are as such particularly suited for the manufacture of fish nets and other net-like structures on account of their high tear-resistance and practically unlimited fungus resistance.
However, the smooth surface of synthetic fibers and the therewith connected small specific surface is disadvantageous for the production of net-like structures. Furthermore, wires having a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm. or more are difiicult to knit because of their rigidity.
It has been suggested to alter the surface of synthetic fibers chemically, mechanically or by application of a surface preparation (U.S. Patent 2,823,576). However, it has been found that, aside from the difliculties of treating the wires, these processes inflict damage to the material and that the rigidity thereby is not overcome.
According to Italian Patent 571,338, knitted structures can be manufactured from polycaprolactam wires which are quenched in oily liquids immediately after leaving the spinning jet. The slide resistance of the loops is effected by a heat treatment under tension.
It has now been found that net-like structures having knots resistant to sliding can be manufactured from synthetic fibers of non-circular cross-section, particularly of angular cross-section.
The production of synthetic fibers having a non-circular cross-section, e.g. a ribbon or star-shaped diameter, as such is known. Such fibers presumably impart to the textile products made therefrom a soft touch and also increased bulk or covering power.
The object of the present invention, therefore, is not a method for the preparation of fibers having a non-circular cross-section, but it is a manufacture of net like, knotted structures from non-circular synthetic fibers. It has been found that among wires having non-circular cross-sections those having a triangular shape are particularly suited for the manufacture of net-like structures having knots resistant to sliding. The employment of ribbon-shaped synthetic wire leads to results not quite as good with regard to the slide resistance and to the tightness of the knots.
In general, it is not necessary to fix the knots by means of a special heat treatment when non-circular synthetic fibers are used. This is particularly true when the synthetic fibers are extruded from polycaprolactam melts,
containing low molecular constituents, through suitably shaped spinning jets into oily liquids. As oily liquids, high-boiling fractions of the petroleum distillation having low volatility may be used, e.g., parafiin oil.
When thick wires are knotted into nets, i.e. wires Whose circular diameter superimposed on their actual crosssection is more than 1 mm., it is advantageous to improve the slide-resistance of the knots by a heat treatment. Such fixing treatment of the knots is executed best by pulling the net-like structure under tension through a heated bath of a liquid which is not a solvent for the synthetic fiber. It is also possible to fix the knots by pulling ice the net, preferably also under tension, along a heated surface.
Nets made according to the present invention are highly suited for use as fish nets.
The accompanying drawing illustrates several profiles and a flowsheet of the heat-setting step.
In the drawing,
FIG. 1 is a monofilament of triangular cross section which may be used for producing a net according to the instant invention.
FIG. 2 is a monofilament of rectangular cross section which can be used for the same purpose.
FIG. 3 shows a knot tied from a triangular thread.
FIG. 4 shows the same knot in loosened condition indicatin g the strands with greater clarity.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical side view of a heat-setting device.
FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatical view of a net.
In FIGURE 5, the points 3 and 4 show the knots as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
Referring to FIG. 6, the net 4, corresponding to FIG. 4, enters the device over rollers 5, 6 and 7, revolving at the same speed; 8, 9 and 10 are rollers, also rotating at the same speed but faster than rollers 5, 6 and 7. The envelopes 11 contain the heating elements 12.
The present invention will now be further illustrated by means of the following examples. However, it should be understood that these are given merely by way of explanation, not of limitation and that many changes may be made in the details without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Example 1 A net is made in a known manner from a polycaprolactam fiber whose cross-section of 0.052 rnm. has; the shape of an equilateral triangle. The net is spread in such a manner that the knots are exposed for 5 minutes to a tension of 1 kg. The tightness of the knot thereafter is 2.8 kg., the resistance to sliding is 0.81 kg. If the net during stretching is simultaneously subjected to a heat treatment so that the knots are exposed to a temperature of C. for 5 minutes under tension, the slide resistance is 1.65 kg.
If the cross-section of the polycaprolactam Wire is rectangular instead of triangular, i.e. if the wire is a ribbon of the dimensions 0.5 x 0.1 mm., the tightness of the unfixed knot is 2.8 kg, whereas the slide resistance of the unfixed knot is 0.64 kg. and that of the fixed knot is 1.08 kg.
The corresponding values for a circular polycaprolactam fiber of approximately the same cross-section, i.e. a diameter of 0.25 mm. are as follows:
The tightness of the knot is 1.79 kg. The slide resistance of the unfixed knot is 0.48 kg. The slide resistance for the fixed knot is 0.75 kg.
Example 2 The method is the same as described in Example 1 except that polycaprolactam fibers having a cross-section of 0.126 mm. are used. In nets made from triangular wires, the tightness of the knot is 4.5 kg, the slide resistance of the unfixed knot after stretching for 5 minutes at a tension of 2.5 kg. per knot at room temperature is 1.30 kg.
If ribbons of a cross-section of 0.6 x 0.2 mm. are used, the corresponding values are 3.9 kg. for the tightness of the knots, 1.07 kg. for the slide resistance of the unfixed knots and 1.83 kg. for the slide resistance of the fixed knots. If a circular wire of approximately the same cross-section is used, i.e., of a diameter of 0.43 mm., the tightness of the knot is 3.2 kg, the slide resistance of the unfixed knot is 0.80 kg, that of the fixed knot :is 1.34 kg.
What I claim is:
l. A process for the manufacture of net-like structures 3 having tight and slide-resistant knots, made of polycaprolactarrrfibers-containing low-molecularconstituents and having angular cross section, which comprises extruding said po lyoaprolactam into fibers and quenching them into an oily 1iquid,*=knotting the fibers into a net,-andtsubjecting the net to a tension of approximately 1 kg. for approximate1y5minutes.
12. A process for the manufacture of'net-iike structures having tight ands1ide-resistantknots, made of polycaprolactam fibers containing-low-moiecular constituents and having angular cross section, which comprises extruding said polycaproiactam i-nto fibers and quenching them into an oi1y=iiquidgknotting the fibers intoa; net, and subjecting the net to a tension of approximately 1kg. for approximately 5 minutesat approximately 130 C.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NET-LIKE STRUCTURES HAVING TIGHT AND SLIDE-RESISTANT KNOTS, MADE OF POLYCAPROLACTAM FIBERS CONTAINING LOW-MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS AND HAVING ANGULAR CROSS SECTION, WHICH COMPRISES EXTRUDING SAID POLYCAPROLACTAM INTO FIBERS AND QUENCHING THEM INTO AN OILY LIQUID, KNOTTING THE FIBERS INTO A NET, AND SUBJECTING THE NET TO A TENSION OF APPROXIMATELY 1 KG. FOR APPROXIMATELY 5 MINUTES.
US739691A 1957-07-27 1958-06-04 Process for the manufacture of net-like structures from synthetic fibers Expired - Lifetime US3041915A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317366A (en) * 1962-05-18 1967-05-02 Beaunit Corp Woven polyester carpet backing and tufted carpet incorporating the same
US3369317A (en) * 1965-04-20 1968-02-20 Brownell & Company Inc Synthetic fishnet construction
US3378420A (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-04-16 Richard E. Dickinson Process for making well screen
US3988048A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-10-26 Murray James M Dish stabilizers
US4055941A (en) * 1976-12-09 1977-11-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Integrated string
US4288977A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-09-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making integrated racket strings from monofilaments
US4651620A (en) * 1983-11-18 1987-03-24 Richard Percival Fearnley Method and apparatus for making mesh structure
WO1997013407A1 (en) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-17 Ocean Trawl Technology Research Co., Inc. Trawl system cell design and methods
US5698481A (en) * 1994-10-12 1997-12-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sterilization wrap material
WO1998046070A1 (en) * 1997-04-14 1998-10-22 Martrawl, Inc. Improved cell design for a trawl system and methods
US6434879B1 (en) 1998-02-10 2002-08-20 Otter Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Bi-directional, manufacturable, lift-generating mesh bar
EP1609357A2 (en) * 1997-04-14 2005-12-28 OTTER Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Improved cell design for a trawl system and methods
US20060272196A1 (en) * 1996-10-11 2006-12-07 Sherif Safwat Cell design for a trawl system and methods

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2130948A (en) * 1937-04-09 1938-09-20 Du Pont Synthetic fiber
US2536312A (en) * 1944-02-07 1951-01-02 Saether Oivin Fishing line
US2614288A (en) * 1947-03-28 1952-10-21 Chavannes Synthetic Fibres Inc Apparatus and method for producing thermoplastic fibers
US2637893A (en) * 1949-03-12 1953-05-12 Shaw Gilbert Artificial filament
US2744306A (en) * 1952-04-18 1956-05-08 Linen Thread Company Ltd Novel machine for treating netting
US2792617A (en) * 1953-02-02 1957-05-21 Linen Thread Company Ltd Process of heat setting thermoplastic net in rope form and product produced thereby
US2823576A (en) * 1953-03-02 1958-02-18 Drummondville Cotton Company L Method of making slip-free fish netting
US2829027A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Dry spinning process for making y-shaped filaments
US2846289A (en) * 1955-12-23 1958-08-05 Ici Ltd High luster polyamide filaments and process for producing them
US2891270A (en) * 1955-10-25 1959-06-23 Reiter Adolph Abrasive wet mop

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2130948A (en) * 1937-04-09 1938-09-20 Du Pont Synthetic fiber
US2536312A (en) * 1944-02-07 1951-01-02 Saether Oivin Fishing line
US2614288A (en) * 1947-03-28 1952-10-21 Chavannes Synthetic Fibres Inc Apparatus and method for producing thermoplastic fibers
US2637893A (en) * 1949-03-12 1953-05-12 Shaw Gilbert Artificial filament
US2744306A (en) * 1952-04-18 1956-05-08 Linen Thread Company Ltd Novel machine for treating netting
US2792617A (en) * 1953-02-02 1957-05-21 Linen Thread Company Ltd Process of heat setting thermoplastic net in rope form and product produced thereby
US2823576A (en) * 1953-03-02 1958-02-18 Drummondville Cotton Company L Method of making slip-free fish netting
US2829027A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Dry spinning process for making y-shaped filaments
US2891270A (en) * 1955-10-25 1959-06-23 Reiter Adolph Abrasive wet mop
US2846289A (en) * 1955-12-23 1958-08-05 Ici Ltd High luster polyamide filaments and process for producing them

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317366A (en) * 1962-05-18 1967-05-02 Beaunit Corp Woven polyester carpet backing and tufted carpet incorporating the same
US3369317A (en) * 1965-04-20 1968-02-20 Brownell & Company Inc Synthetic fishnet construction
US3378420A (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-04-16 Richard E. Dickinson Process for making well screen
US3988048A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-10-26 Murray James M Dish stabilizers
US4055941A (en) * 1976-12-09 1977-11-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Integrated string
US4288977A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-09-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making integrated racket strings from monofilaments
US4651620A (en) * 1983-11-18 1987-03-24 Richard Percival Fearnley Method and apparatus for making mesh structure
US5698481A (en) * 1994-10-12 1997-12-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sterilization wrap material
US5698294A (en) * 1994-10-12 1997-12-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sterilization wrap material
WO1997013407A1 (en) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-17 Ocean Trawl Technology Research Co., Inc. Trawl system cell design and methods
US20020053157A1 (en) * 1995-10-13 2002-05-09 Sherif Safwat Trawl system cell design and methods
AU708486B2 (en) * 1995-10-13 1999-08-05 Otter Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Trawl system cell design and methods
US6374531B1 (en) 1995-10-13 2002-04-23 Ottr Ultra-Low Drag, Ltd. Trawl system cell design and methods
US20060272196A1 (en) * 1996-10-11 2006-12-07 Sherif Safwat Cell design for a trawl system and methods
WO1998046070A1 (en) * 1997-04-14 1998-10-22 Martrawl, Inc. Improved cell design for a trawl system and methods
US6732468B2 (en) 1997-04-14 2004-05-11 Otter Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Cell design for a trawl system and methods
US20040200120A1 (en) * 1997-04-14 2004-10-14 Sherif Safwat Cell design for a trawl system and methods
EP1609357A2 (en) * 1997-04-14 2005-12-28 OTTER Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Improved cell design for a trawl system and methods
EP1609357A3 (en) * 1997-04-14 2006-04-12 OTTER Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Improved cell design for a trawl system and methods
US6357164B1 (en) * 1997-04-14 2002-03-19 Ottr Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Cell design for a trawl system and methods
US6434879B1 (en) 1998-02-10 2002-08-20 Otter Ultra-Low-Drag, Ltd. Bi-directional, manufacturable, lift-generating mesh bar

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