US3040692A - Marine anchor - Google Patents

Description

June 26, 1962 c. A. HARDY, JR 3,

7 MARINE ANCHOR Filed Sept. 30, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. CHmez 5 A? flmwrje.

Z BYMWM June 26, 1962 c. A. HARDY, JR 3,040,692

MARINE ANCHOR Filed Sept. 30, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

.BYMWM Cmezar A #4 JR.

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This invention relates to a marine anchor for floating vessels or other structures. The invention more especially relates to an anchor of the type having a fluke and a shank connected to the fluke and a stock extending transversely of the shank, The invention particularly relates to an anchor having a single fluke.

Anchors of this type in various forms have been proposed for the purpose of insuring engagement with and penetration by the fluke oi the underwater bottom. For this purpose conventional anchors have been provided with two fiukes disposed in spaced relation to and at either side of the shank at one end thereof, the stock being disposed at the opposite end of the shank andtransverse to the plane of the fiukes. In order to avoid entanglement with the anchor line it also has been proposed to utilize a single fluke disposed at one side of and in ofiset relation to the shank and to dispose the stock perpendicular to the plane of the fluke and the shank at the end of the shank at which the fluke is mounted.

Where a single fluke is used, the anchor on reaching the underwater bottom may lie with the fluke upward and the shank and stock resting on the bottom, so that the anchor is ineffective to penetrate the bottom to reach a holding position under the pull of the anchor lineand may slide over the bottom concomitantly with drifting of the vessel. To provide for this contingency it has been proposed in a single fluke anchor to provide for hinging the fluke on a head to which the shank is secured in order that the fluke, if it becomes disposed above the shank upon the anchor reaching the bottom, may fall in the hinging movement so that the point of the fluke will reach the bottom for penetration thereof. This and other proposals having the purpose of insuring penetration have involved difiiculty because of underwater rocks, marine growth or other objects interfering with the fall of the fluke and so defeating the purpose of the device. Moreover, the problem of entanglement of the anchor line has not been suitably solved.

It is an object of the invention to provide an anchor of such construction as will insure engagement with or penetration of the fluke in the underwater bottom.

It is another object of the invention to provide in such an anchor for preventing entanglement of the anchor line with parts of the anchor, especially it fluke,

It is a further object of the invention to provide an anchor of such form that, if the fluke becomes disposed upwardly with respect to the shank above the bottom, the pull of the anchor line will move it from this position to a position with the fluke downward for engagement with the bottom.

It is an additional object of the invention to provide an anchor of such form that it will be turned over from the fluke upward position to the position with the fluke downward substantially through any practical range of the scope ratio, that is, the length of the line under water divided by the depth of the water.

The anchor of the invention provides a fluke connected to one end of the shank and disposed in offset relation to and at one side of the shank. Preferably the fluke is fixed in relation to the shank. The stock extends transversely of the shank at the end thereof at which the fluke is connected. This stock ordinarily extends perpendicular to the plane of the shank and the point of the fluke.

Preferably the fluke is fixed to a head to which one end 334,692 Patented June .25, 1962 of the shank is rigidly connected and from which the stock extends at both sides of the shank.

It is a feature of the invention, in contrast to the usual constructions, that means are provided for attaching the end of theanchor line to the anchor so that the point at which the pull of the anchor line is exerted upon the anchor is disposed intermediate the head and the end of the shank remote from the head and fluke, this point of pull being offset from a line joining the remote endof the shank and the heel of the head which rests on the underwater bottom when the fluke is disposed above the head. The conditions ordinarily are such that, if the fluke becomes disposed above the shank and head, the anchor will rest upon three points, namely, the heel of the head, the remote end of the shank and one or the other end of the stock.

The disposition of the point of pull between the head and the remote end of the shank is such that the pull tends to lift the head and the fluke pivotally about a fulcrum point at the remote end of the shank If the line of pull were precisely in the plane of the shank and the point of the fluke, the head andthe fluke might be lifted from the bottom without its developing any moment for turning the anchor over to dispose the fluke downwardly, The conditions of disequalibriurn ordinarily are such, however, that some lateral pull will be exerted by the anchor line and a turning moment almost immediately is develop-ed about a line joiningthe remote end of the shank with the end of the stock which rests upon the bottom. The head and the fluke then are lifted in turning movement about this second line until the center of gravity of the system Which includes the shank, the head and the V fluke is above the line of pivotal turning movement. Upon slight further pull of the anchor line, the head and fluke will fall toward the bottom so that the point of the fluke becomes disposed in bottom engaging or penetrating position. 7 v p p The anchor of the invention may utilize a head and fluke of conventional form with a conventional stock extending laterally from the head. It also may utilize a shank of conventional form carrying the head, fluke and stock in the usual manner. In order to secure the oifset intermediatedisposition of the point of pull to which reference has been made, the shank of the anchor of the invention may be provided with an extension of the conventional shank to an end which is remote from the head. To secure the offset relation of the point of pull the extension of the shank may be disposed in angular relation to the conventional shank or the extension itself may be of angular form, means for attaching the anchor line being carried by the shank or its extension so as to dispose the point of pull of the anchor line in the oiiset relation with respect to the line joining the remote end and the heel of the head as referred to. The desired disposition of the point of pull also may be secured by providing a conventional anchor with an elongated shank or an extension of its conventional shank and further providing a heel extension member extending from the head in the direction opposite to the fluke, so that the line connecting the remote end of the shank to the end of the heel extension is disposed in offset relation to the means for attachment of the anchor line. For this purpose also the head itself may be formed with a portion extending oppositely to the fluke to a heel beyond the shank-and stock. In each of these devices the turning moment which has been referred to is secured which is effective to turn the anchor over from the position with the fluke upward to the position with the fluke downward for engagement with or penetration of the bottom.

The means for attaching the anchor line is supported by the shank, or preferably by its extension, so that the 3 point of attachment may rotate about the shank or its extension. This may be accomplished by utilizing a fer rule or a sleeve carrying an eye or clevis for engaging the anchor line or a shackle attached thereto. This provision 'for rotation of the ferrule or the sleeve serves to limit the possibility of or to prevent the'line becoming wrapped about the shank or the shank extension in such a manner as to interfere with proper pull of the line on the anchor tending to secure and to maintain engagement and penetration of the bottom. If the line starts to wrap about the shank or its extension the pull of the line will rotate the ferrule or sleeve and so will unwrap the line. Especially where the length of the sleeve is such as to extend substantially over the full length of the shank extension, the line being attached to the end of the sleeve disposed toward the head, the linewhich may become wrapped about the sleeve exerts a rotating moment upon the sleeve at all positions of contact of the-line therewith and so unwrapping action occurs as soon as pull is exerted on the line. Other objects and features of the invention will be understood from the description to follow taken in connection with the drawings in which-- FIG. 1 shows inelevation the preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the anchor of FIG.'1;

FIG. 3 is an end view from the right in FIG. 1 showing the heel of the head and the end of the stock in engagement with the bottom, the fluke being disposed upwardly;

FIG. 4 is an end view corresponding to FIG. 3 in which the turning movement lifting the head fi'om the underwater bottom has been started;

FIG. 5 is a modification of the anchor of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a view of the extended portion of a shank similar to FIG. 1 and provided with a modified form of the rotatable sleeve;

FIG. 7 is a section on line 77 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a view in elevation corresponding to FIG. 1 and showing a modification utilizing a heel extension of the head; 7 7

FIG. 9 is an end view from the rightin FIG. 8 showing'the engagement of the heel and the stock with the bottom; i

FIG'.-10 is a top view of'the anchor of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 shows a modification of the anchor provided with a head having a heel extension.

FIG.-l2 shows a modification in which the shank extension is providedby a separate part attached to a conventional anchor. i

In FIGS. 1 and 2 the anchor is provided with a fluke 5 of conventional form and carried by a head 7 to which in a conventional manner the main portion 9 of the shank is secured so as to dispose the fluke in ofiset relation to the shank and with the width ofthe fluke transverse'to the length of the shank and the length of the fluke from the head toward the pointed end of the fluke extending in inclined relation tovthe shank outwardly thereof. The

fluke thus'is disposed in proper relation to the shank so that, when the flukeis downward and the pull of the line is exerted in the normal manner generally along the length of the portion 9 of the shank, the point of the fluke may penetrate the bottom or otherwise reach holding position. The head 7 also carries a stock 11 which in the conventional manner extends at either side of the shank transversely thereof and parallel to the width of the fluke. a

Inthe embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 the shank is provided with anextension 13 disposed in the same plane as that of the shank portion 9 and the point of the fluke, this extension 13, however, extending at an angle to the main portion 9. The end 15 of the shank extension 13 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 is bevelled or pointed so as to insure penetration of this end into the bottom or bottom so as to prevent movement of this remote end of the shank either'in the plane of the shank or laterally thereof under the pull of the anchor line 17.

- In this embodiment a sleeve 19 is mounted on the shank extension 13 and extends t-herealong substantially from the junction '21 of the main portion 9 and the extension 13 of the shank to the remote end 15 of the shank extension. This sleeve 19 is carried by the shank extension so as to be rotatable relative thereto on the axis of the shank extension 13. In order to prevent movement along the shank extension in this embodiment cotter pins 23 are provided passing through holes in the shank extension and disposed so as to hold washers 25 for engagement by the ends of the sleeve 19. The sleeve carries adjacent the end thereof which is adjacent the junction 21 of the two portions of the shank an eye or clevis 27 to which the anchor line is secured.

If the anchorupon reaching the underwater bottom becomes disposed in the position of FIGS. .1 to 4, inclus-ive, with the fluke upward and the heel 29 of the head 7 resting on the bottom, the remote end 15 of the shank in engagement with the bottom, pull of the anchor line slightly outthe plane of the shank and fluke will develop a turning moment about the line joining the remote end 15 of the shank and the heel 29 to carry an end of the stock 11 into engagement with the bottom. Under continued lateral pull of the anchor line the moment will become'exerted about the line joining the remote end 15 with the end 31 of the stock, FIGS. 3 and 4, which engages the bottom. The moment will effect lifting of the heel 29 from the bottom and lifting of the head and fluke and turning movement until the center of gravity of the system becomes disposed above the point 31. Thereafter, under continued pull of the anchor, the weight of the system will be exerted on the opposite side of the vertical plane'through the line joining the remote end 15 and the point '31 and the fluke fall to the bottom and become disposed in position for engaging the bottom.

It will be apparent in such movement that the portion of the shank adjacent the junction 21 will reach a position resting on the bottom and the remote end 15 of the shank extension may be, freed from the bottom. In thisembodiment, as may be understood from a consideration of FIG. 1; the shank extension, being substantially in line with the point of the fluke, extend generally along the bottom when the junction 21 and the point of the fluke are resting on the bottom. The angle of the shank extension 13 with respect to the main portion 9 of the shank may be such that, when the fluke has penetrated the bottom and the main portion 9 of the shank extends from the head 7 generally along the bottom, the shank extension 13 will extend generally upwardly from and in inclined relation to the bottom in the direction toward the remote end 15.

In the turning over movement of the anchor described the clevis 27 under the pull of the anchor line will effect a rotational movement of the sleeve 19 so that, when the anchor has been turned over with the fluke downward, the clevis 27 will remain on the upper side of theshank ex tension in the new position of the anchor. In this rotational movement of the sleeve 19 fouling of the anchor line with the shank extension is avoided. If under some conditions the anchor line should become wrapped above the sleeve, rotation of the sleeve 19 still will be effected because the line will be in circumferential engagement for engagement with rock or other protuberances on the with the exterior surface of the sleeve and a turning moment will be exerted upon the sleeve which will cause the line to be unwrapped until it extends directly tothe clevis 2.7. The clevis 27 being disposed adjacent the junction 21 of the two portions of the shank brings the pull of the line generally in line with the portion 9 of the shank, so that the anchor functions in the normal manner when the fluke has penetrated the bottom.

FIG. shows a modification inwhich the shank disposed in the normal relation to the head 7 and the fluke 5 is elongated and provided with a transverse portion 37 and the end 39 of which is bevelled or otherwise formed to insure holding engagement with the bottom.

The head 7 is provided with a heel 29 similar to that of FIG. 1. The transverse portion 37 and the disposition of the heel 29 with respect to the shank dispose the shank at one side of the line joining the remote end 39 and the heel 29 to provide for a turning moment as described.

A ferrule 41 is mounted on the shank 35 for rotation thereon and i held against axial movement by washers 43 and cotter pins 45 extending through the shank 35. The ferrule 41 carries an eye 47 to which the line 17 is attached. in a manner similar to the action of the sleeve 19 the ferrule 41 in rotating on the shank 35 prevents wrapping of the line '17 about the shank.

It will be understood that the form shown in FIG. 5 is merely indicative of possible modifications of the form of the shank and its extension in order to accomplish the purposes of the invention, the feature of the invention being provided for, namely, the offset of the point of pull of the anchor line from the line joining the re mote end of the shank and the heel of the head and, as described in connection with FIG. 4, the turning over movement of the anchor upon the line joining the remote end 39 and the end 31 of the stock being secured, as well as the further feature of the avoidance of entanglement of the line by virtue of rotating the ferrule 41.

In FIGS. 6 and 7 is shown a modification of the sleeve 19 of FIGS. 1 and 2. In this modification end members 51, 53 of cylindrical form are supported on and in spaced relation along the shank extension 13 for rotation thereon. The members 51, 53 are provided with a plurality of holes 55 in the opposed faces thereof, these holes beingdisposed in spaced relation about the axis of the shank extension. Rods 57 have their respective ends inserted in the holes 55 of the members 51 and 53. There thus is provided a cage of rods extending about the shank extension 13 providing an exterior contour capable of functioning similar to that of the sleeve 19. The member 53 disposed adjacent the junction 21 carries a clevis 59 to which the anchor line 17 is attached. It will be understood that the cage of rods 57 supported in the members 51, 53 for rotation on the shank extension 13 will serve to effect unwrapping of the anchor line similarly to the sleeve 19 if the line becomes wrapped about the cage. The cage is held against axial movement by collars 61 secured to the shank extension 13 by pins 63.

In FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 is shown another modification of the anchor of the invention in which the head 7 and the fluke 5 carried thereby are of conventional form and the shank 65 is engaged with the head in the conventional angular relation to the head and to the fluke. The anchor in the embodiment of FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 provides a shank which may be of conventional but elongated form having at its end 67 remote from the head formed for engagement with the bottom, as described in connection with the other embodiments. In this embodiment a heel extension 69 in the form of a strut is suitably secured, as by welding, to the heel portion of the head 7 and is formed at its lower end for engagement with the bottom. It will be seen that, with the lower end of the heel extension 69 resting on the bottom, the head 7 and the fluke 5 are disposed further above the bottom than as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and that the'stock 11 extends from the head to its end in engagement with the bottom 6% in more pronounced inclined relation to the bottom than in the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. The fluke 5, however, is disposed above the line joining the remote end 67 and the lower end of the heel extension 69. The fluke 5 also is disposed above the line joining the remote end ,67 to the end 71 of the stock 11 which engages the bottom.

It also will be seen in 1516858 and 9 that the ferrule 73 extending about and supported for rotation on the shank 6.5 is raised substantially above both of the above mentioned joining lines ,by virtue of the heel extension 69. The ferrule '73 is confined against axial movement on the shank 65 by washers '75 and cotter pins 77. The ferrule 73 is provided with a ring or clevis 79 to which the anchor line 1'7 is secured. It will be understood that the turning moment which has been referred to in connection with other embodiments described is provided in the embodiment of FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 and that when the center 'of gravity of the system which includes the head 7, the fluke 5, the shank 65 and stock 11 becomes disposed above the line joining the remote end 67 with the end '71 of the stock, the system is in position to cause the fluke to'fall to the bottom upon slight further turning movement in the same manner as described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4, inclusive. Thus, it will be clear that a conventional anchor may be modified very simply to accomplish the purposes of the invention by providing the strutlike heel extension 69 and a long shank 65 to dispose the remote point 67 at such a distance from the head 7 that the pull of the anchor line 17 is applied at an offset point so as to be effective to turn the anchor over.

As shown in FIG. 11, instead of a simple strut-like extension 69, a curvilinear heel extension member 81 may be attached to the bottom portion of the head 7, this member extending in curved outline from the head toward and preferably to the shank 65. Thecurvilinear heel extension member 81 may be provided by a bent rod suitably secured to the head 7 or, if desired, may be provided by a web or fin having an exterior curvilinear outline similar to that of the member 81, this web being suitably secured to the head and to the shank, for example by welding. Having regard to the disclosure in connection with FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, it will be understood that the member 81 resting upon the underwater bottom at some point of contact of the curvilinear outline with the bottom will raise the head 7 and the ferrule 73 and its clevis or ring 719 so that the turning moment wlil be produced and the anchor turned over in the sarne manner as described in connection with FIGS. 8, 9 and 10.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 8 to 11, inclusive, the sleeve type of rotatable element carried by the shank and extending therealong as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 or the cage type as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 may be used in place of the ferrule 73, in order to prevent wrapping engagement of the anchor line 17 with the portion of the shank 65 between the ring or clevis 79 and the bottom engaging remote end 67 of the shank. The function of the ferrules and the sleeves is the same as that described'in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4, FIG. 5 and FIGS. 6 and 7.

FIG. 12 shows a modification which utilizes a conventional anchor having a fluke 5, a head 7, a Stock 11, the shank 85 of the anchor in this embodiment being of channel section having two lengthwise side flanges 87 connected by a web 89. The anchor is provided with a shank extension 13 of similar form to that shown in FIG. 1, this shank extension having a portion 91 which is disposed in the channel of the shank 85 and is secured by rivets or other fasteners 93 passing throughthe portion 91 and the flanges '87 of the shank 65 of the anchor. The shank extension 13, similarly to FIG. 1, has a portion 95 extending in angular relation to the portion 91 thereof to a remote end 97 which is bevelled to promote engaging or penetrating the bottom when the anchor is disposed, as in FIG. 12, with the fluke 5 upward.

Similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a sleeve 99 is carried for rotation on the angular portion 95 of the shank extension, this sleeve being held in place by collars 109 secured by pins 102 passing throughthe portion 95 of the shankextension 13. When the anchor is disposed in anchoring position in which the end 97 of the shank extension 95 is not in engagement with the bottom and projects upwardly firom the bottom, if the anchor line becomes wrapped about the sleeve 99 rotationof this sleeve on the portion 95 of the shank extension will be produced in the same manner as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 and PEG. 6 to unwrap the anchor line from the sleeve. The embodiment of FIG. 12. makes it possible to utilize a commercially available anchor and to provide the features of the invention by combining with this conventional anchor a shank extension of angular form which may be secured in the shank of the conventional anchor in the manner which has been described in connection with FIG. 12, or in other suitable manner.

Although the invention has been described in connection with an anchor having a fluke fixed with respect to the .head and the shank, within the scope of the invention the fluke may be pivotally supported on the head after the manner of certain conventional anchors, so as to move from a position at one side of the shank to a position at the other side of the shank for the purpose of bringing the point of the fluke down into engagement with the underwater bottom in whatever position the anchor may take in falling to the bottom. If an anchor embodying the features of the invention but provided with such a pivoted fluke becomes disposed, for example, in the position of FIGS. 1 to 4, inclusive, in which, if the fluke were fixed, it would be upwardly disposed above the bottom, the pivoted fluke might fall so as to lie along the bottom without being disposed at such an angle to the line of pull of the anchor line at the ofl'set point of pull as to tend to secure engagement of the point of the fluke or penetration thereof in the bottom. The provision of a shank structure, such as has been described above, which secures the offset of the point of pull from the line joining the remote end of the shank extension to the heel of the head and the offset of .this

point of pull from the line joining the remote end extension projects upwardly from the bottom at an angle to the portion of the shank to which the head is secured. It will be understood that in such turning over movement a pivoted fluke again will fall to the bottom at the opposite side of the shank from the angular extension thereof and so be in position to engage the bottom in the normal manner of the conventional anchor provided with the pivoted fluke when the pull of the line is exerted adjacent the junction between the normal shank and the shank extension as above described. In such an anchor utilizing a pivoted fluke the ferrule or sleeve also will function as above described to limit or prevent entanglement of the anchor line.

Within the scope of the invention other modifications of theform of the shank and its extension, the head, the

heel portion and its extension and of the ferrules and the sleeves may be made while securing the requisite disposition of the point of pull of the anchor lineintermediate between the remote end of the shank or its extension in engagement with the underwater bottom and the heel of the head and the turning moment developed by virtue of the onset of the point of pull relative to this line as well as relative to the line joining the remote end of the shank or its extension and the end of the stock at one side of the head. All such variations are intended to come within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An anchor having an elongated shank, a head connected to said shank at an end thereof, a fluke carried at an end thereof by said head, said fluke being disposed with the width of the fluke transverse to the length of the shank and with the length of the fluke from the head extending generally along the shank in the direction from said head toward the end of the shank remote from the head, a stock carried by said head and extending at either side of the head transversely of said shank generally parallel to the Width of the fluke, said shank at said remote end thereof being formed for engaging the underwater bottom to resist movement of said re mote end of the shank over the bottom, said shank having a portion intermediate said head and said remote end which is offset toward the side of the shank at which said fluke is disposed with respect to a line joining said remote end of the shank and the part of the head which rests on the underwater bottom when said fluke is disposed above said head, and means carried by said offset portion of said shank for engaging the anchor line to apply the pull of the line at a point on said offset portion so as to provide a turning moment to turn the anchor over upon a line joining said remote end of the shank and the end of the stock to position the fluke downwardly.

2. An anchor as defined in claim 1 in which said fluke is fixed to said head with said length of the fluke extending in inclined relation to the shank outwardly of the shank in the direction from the head toward said remote end of the shank.

3. An anchor asdefined in claim 1' in which said means carried by said shank for engaging the anchor line is supported on said shank for rotation thereof relative to and about said shank on an axis extending along said shank to provide for rotation of said point of pull about said shank.

4. An anchor as defined in claim 1 in which said means for engaging said anchor line comprises an element extending about and supported by said shank for rotation thereof on and relative to said shank on an axis extending along said shank to provide for rotation of said point of pull about said shank, said element being formed and being disposed on said shank so as to dispose said point of pull intermediate said head and said remote end of said shank and in said offset relation to said line joining said remote end of the shank and said part of the head which rests on the underwater bottom.

5. An anchor as defined in claim 1 in which said shank is formed with a first portion extending from said head to a junction with a second portion of said shank, said second portion extending beyond said first portion to said remote end of said shank and at an angle to said first portion so as to dispose said remote end at the side of said first portion of said shank opposite to said fluke, said means for engaging said anchor line being disposed adjacent said junction of said two portions of the shank so that said point of pull of the anchor line is offset from said line joining said remote end of the shank and said part of the head which rests on the underwater bottom.

6. An anchor as defined in claim 5 in which said means carried by said shank for engaging the anchor line comprises members spaced along and each extending about said second portion of said shank and supported thereon for rotation on a common axis extending along said second portion of said shank, said members respectively being disposed adjacent said junction of said two portions of said shank and adjacent said remote end of said shank, a plurality of rods extending along and spaced about said second portion of said shank and rigidly connected to said members at the respective ends of the rods, and means carried by the assembly of said members and rods and disposed thereon toward said junction of said two portions of said shank for securing the anchor line to said assembly.

7. An anchor as defined in claim 1 in which said meanscarried by said shank for engaging the anchor line comprises members spaced along and each extending about said shank and supported thereon for rotation on a common axis extending along the shank, a plurality of rods extending along and spaced about said shank and rigidly connected to said members at the respective ends of the rods, and means carried by the assembly of said members and rods and disposed on said assembly toward said head with respect to said remote end of said shank and intermediate said remote end and said head for securing the anchor line to said assembly.

8. An anchor as defined in claim 1 in which said shank is formed with a first portion extending from said head to a junction with a second portion of said shank, said second portion extending beyond said first portion to said remote end of said shank and at an angle to said first portion so as to dispose said remote end at the side of said first portion of said shank opposite to said fluke, said means for engaging said anchor line comprising an element extending about and supported by said second portion of said shank for rotation of said element on and relative to said second portion on an axis extending along said second portion, and means carried by said element for connecting the anchor line thereto.

9. An anchor as defined in claim 8 in which said element extends about and along said second portion of said shank substantially from said junction to said remote end of the shank to prevent wrapping engagement of the anchor line with said second portion of said shank and to provide for unwrapping the anchor line from said element upon rotation thereof under the pull of the anchor line.

10. An anchor having an elongated shank, a head connected to said shank at an end thereof, a fluke tapering along its length toward an end thereof and carried by said head, said fiuke being disposed with the width of the fluke transverse to the length of the shank and with the length of the fluke from the head toward said end of the fluke extending generally along the shank in the direction from said head toward the end of the shank remote from the head, a stock carried by said head and extending at either side of the head transversely of said shank generally parallel to the width of the fluke, said shank at said remote end thereof being formed for engaging the underwater bottom to resist movement of said remote end of the shank over the bottom, a heel extension carried by and extending from said head at the opposite side of said head from said fluke and providing for engagement with the underwater bottom when said fluke is disposed above said head, the length of said heel extension being sun cient to raise above the bottom a portion of said shank disposed toward said head with respect to said remote end of the shank when said fluke is disposed above said head, and means carried by said portion of the shank for engaging the anchor line to apply the pull of the line at a point intermediate said head and said remote end of said shank, said means being offset toward the side of the shank at which said fluke is disposed with respect to a line joining said remote end of the shank and the point of contact of said heel extension of the head with the underwater bottom and so as to provide a turning moment under the pull of the anchor line to turn the anchor over upon av line joining said remote end of the shank and the end of said stock engaging the bottom to the position of Said anchor with said fluke downward.

11. An anchor as defined in claim 10 in which said heel extension provides a curvilinear surface extending from said head substantially to said shank at a point removed from said head so as to prevent entanglement of said anchor line with said heel extension.

12. In an anchor having an elongated shank, a head connected to said shank at an end thereof, a fluke carried at an end thereof by said head, said fluke being disposed with the width of the fluke transverse to the length of the shank and with the length of the fluke from the head extending generally along the shank in the direction from said head toward the end of the shank opposite to the head, and a stock carried by said head and extending at either side of the head transversely of the shank generally parallel to the Width of the fluke, the combination with said shank of a shank extension having a first elongated portion extending along and secured to said shank of said anchor and having a second elongated portion extending at an angle to said first portion, said-first portion being secured to said shank of said anchor so as to dispose said second portion of said shank extension extending from the end of said shank opposite to said head outwardly at the side of said shank opposite to that at which said fluke is disposed, the remote end of said second portion of said shank extension being formed for engaging the underwater bottom to resist movement of said remote end of the shank over the bottom, and means carried by said shank extension for engaging the anchor line and disposed adjacent the junction of said first and second portions of said shank extension so as to apply the pull of the line at a point intermediate said head and said remote end of the shank extension, said two angularly related portions of said shank extension disposing said point of pull oliset toward the side of the shank at which said fluke is disposed with respect to a line joining said remote end of said shank extension and the part of the head which rests on the underwater bottom when said fluke is disposed above said head to provide a turning moment under the pull of the anchor line to turn the anchor over upon a line joining said remote end of the shank extension and the end of said stock to the position with said 7 fluke downward.

13. A shank extension for an anchor having an elongated shank, a head connected to said shank at an end thereof, a fluke carried at an end thereof by said head, said fiukebeing disposed with the width of the fluke transverse to the length of the shank and with the length of the fluke from said head extending generally along the shank in the direction from said head toward the end of the shank opposite to the head, and a stock carried by said head and extending at either side of the'head transversely of said shank generally parallel to the width of the fluke, said shank extension having a first elongated portion adapted to extend along said shank and to be secured thereto, said shank extension having a second elongated portion extending in angular relation to said first portion such that said second portion extends out-.

wardly from said shank of said anchor at the side of said shank opposite to that at which the fluke is disposed when said first portion of said shank extension is secured to said shank of said anchor, said shank extension carrying means for engaging the anchor line disposed adjacent the junction of said first and second portions of said shank extension so as to apply the pull of the line at a'point intermediate said head and the remote end of said shank extension when said shank extension is secured to said shank, said two angularly related portions of said shank extension when said shank extension is secured to said shank disposing the point of pull offset toward the side of the shank at which said fluke is disposed with respect to a line joining said remote end of said shank extension and the part of the head of said anchor which rests on the underwater bottom when said fluke is disposed above said head to provide a turning moment under the pull of the anchor line to turn the anchor over upon a line joining said remote end of said shank extension and the end of said stock to a position with said fluke downward.

14. A shank extension as defined in claim 13 which comprises an element extending about and supported by said second portion of said shank extension for rotation of said element on and relative to saidsecond portion on an axis extending along said second portion, said means- 8,040,692 1 1" i 12 shank extension so as to dispose said point ofpull of said References Cited in the file of this patent anchor line with substantial ofiset with respect to said UNITED STATES PATENTS line joining said remote 'end of the shank extension and V 2,075,827 Northrop et a1. Apr. 6, 1937 'd t f said he (I which ests on the underwate fi o a I r r 5 2,856,882 Raynor Oct. 21, 1958

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