US303651A - Piano-forte strsng - Google Patents
Piano-forte strsng Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US303651A US303651A US303651DA US303651A US 303651 A US303651 A US 303651A US 303651D A US303651D A US 303651DA US 303651 A US303651 A US 303651A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- piano
- forte
- copper
- aluminum
- gold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/10—Strings
Definitions
- lhis invention consists in a piano-forte string upon which have been successively electro-deposited copper, aluminum, and gold.
- Copper adheres more firmly and durably to steel than any other metal, and it therefore forms, a better foundation for the deposition of aluminum and subsequently of gold.
- the majority of piano-strings are covered or bound with steel wire; but some'few are covered with copper wire, in which latter case the deposition of copper may be omitted and the aluminum and gold only successively deposited.
- the deposit of aluminum on the copper then, materially alters the tone by rendering it (the string) more voluble, and finally the gold deposit renders the tone more -resonant, and at the same time is a protective against oxidation from atmospheric causes.
- Apiano-forte string having a coating of copper, aluminum, and gold, which have been separately and successively deposited thereon, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
(Mode1.)
M. s. LUDWIG. PIANO FORTE STRING.
No. 803,651 Patented Aug. 19, 1884.
Rs. Fhulo-Lllhcgmphar. Wnshingla". D C
Unrrnn STATES ATENr tries.
MAI-ILON S. LUDNVIG, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
PIANO-FORTE STRING.
[SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 303,651, dated August 19, 1884.
Application filed November 22, 1883. (Model) To all whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, M. S. LUDWIG, a citizen of the United States, residing at No. 1019 Arch street, Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Piano-Forte Strings, of which the following is a specification.
lhis invention consists in a piano-forte string upon which have been successively electro-deposited copper, aluminum, and gold.
It is well known that gold has been deposited upon piano-strings, and also that an alloy of aluminum and gold has been so applied;
but the successive deposition of the three metale-copper, aluminum, and goldhas never before been resorted to.
The drawing accompanying this specification represents on an exaggerated scale the ordinary steel string closely wrapped with steel or copper wire.
Copper, as is well known to all electrodepositors, adheres more firmly and durably to steel than any other metal, and it therefore forms, a better foundation for the deposition of aluminum and subsequently of gold. The majority of piano-strings are covered or bound with steel wire; but some'few are covered with copper wire, in which latter case the deposition of copper may be omitted and the aluminum and gold only successively deposited. The deposit of aluminum on the copper, then, materially alters the tone by rendering it (the string) more voluble, and finally the gold deposit renders the tone more -resonant, and at the same time is a protective against oxidation from atmospheric causes. I propose to submit all strings or parts of strings in a piano-forte, whether covered or not, to these successive depositions, as they not only improve the tone, but render them proof against oxidation.
For the deposition of copper I use a solution composed of carbonate of potassa, four (4.) ounces; sulphate of copper, three and a half (3i) ounces; liquid ammonia, two (2) ounces; cyanide of potassium, about eight (S) ounees; water, one (1) gallon. For the depo sition of aluminum I use a solution of chlo ride of aluminum with a very weak batterypower. For the deposition of gold I use anord inary solution of cyanide of gold and potassium of the strength of six (6) pennyweights to the gallon. Any of the ordinary methods known to depositors, ifused with j udginent, will answer. The strings thus coated are subjected to a process known as sclatclrbrushing after each deposition, by which the copper is burnished into the steel, the aluminum into the copper, and the gold into the aluminum, thus incorporating the several metals with each other.
\Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
Apiano-forte string having a coating of copper, aluminum, and gold, which have been separately and successively deposited thereon, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
' MAHLON S. LUDiVIG.
\Vitnesses:
J OIIN MoLrNTocK,
PEROIVAL THORNTON.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US303651A true US303651A (en) | 1884-08-19 |
Family
ID=2372822
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US303651D Expired - Lifetime US303651A (en) | Piano-forte strsng |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US303651A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090217795A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2009-09-03 | Sina Vosough | String for Musical Instrument |
US20090251998A1 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-08 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Gong for the striking work or alarm of a watch |
US20090278670A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-11-12 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Gong for the striking work or alarm of a watch |
-
0
- US US303651D patent/US303651A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090217795A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2009-09-03 | Sina Vosough | String for Musical Instrument |
US7781655B2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-08-24 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | String for musical instrument |
US20090251998A1 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-08 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Gong for the striking work or alarm of a watch |
US8130597B2 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2012-03-06 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Gong for the striking work or alarm of a watch |
US20090278670A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-11-12 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Gong for the striking work or alarm of a watch |
US8050149B2 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-11-01 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Gong for the striking work or alarm of a watch |
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