US3032443A - Method for forming an electrically conducting mark on a non-conducting surface - Google Patents
Method for forming an electrically conducting mark on a non-conducting surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3032443A US3032443A US746627A US74662758A US3032443A US 3032443 A US3032443 A US 3032443A US 746627 A US746627 A US 746627A US 74662758 A US74662758 A US 74662758A US 3032443 A US3032443 A US 3032443A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- mark
- conducting
- forming
- hydrazine sulfate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- FUSNOPLQVRUIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-n-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1NC(C)(C)CN1C(N=C1N)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 FUSNOPLQVRUIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012493 hydrazine sulfate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000377 hydrazine sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- HAAYBYDROVFKPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;azane;nitrate Chemical compound N.N.[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O HAAYBYDROVFKPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBLJAFVPFHRQSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoazanium;sulfate Chemical compound NN.NN.OS(O)(=O)=O DBLJAFVPFHRQSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 1945 Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTRYYLCAPROADM-UHFFFAOYSA-N NN.OS(=O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound NN.OS(=O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O FTRYYLCAPROADM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VSYMNDBTCKIDLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-2-ethylbutyl] carbamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OCC(CC)(CC)COC(N)=O VSYMNDBTCKIDLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOZBVZZPEXSGSK-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Ag]Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-] Chemical compound [Ag]Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-] MOZBVZZPEXSGSK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZGCHATBSUIJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine sulfate Chemical compound NN.OS(O)(=O)=O ZGCHATBSUIJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
- B41M1/36—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on pretreated paper, e.g. parchment, oiled paper, paper for registration purposes
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new and improved process for positioning an electrically conducting mark on a nonconducting surface. In its most practical application the invention relates to the application of electrically conducting marks on paper surfaces.
- the hydrazine sulfate may be monohydrazine sulfate, N H -H SO dihydrazine sulfate (N H -I-I SO or hydrazine disulfate, N H -2H SO All three substances are solids that can be characterized by their physical and crystallographic properties. On the basis of its greater solubility in water, the dihydrazine sulfate is preferred. At least 1% of the hydrazine sulfate is dissolved in water and the paper coated with a sufficient quantity thereof to at least partially impregnate the paper. The paper is then dried, preferably at atmospheric temperature after which it is ready to be written or printed on with the ammoniacal silver salt solution.
- the complex silver salt may be ammoniacal silver chloride nitrate or sulfate, preferably ammoniacal silver nitrate.
- the aqueous ammoniacal silver salt solution may contain between 5% and 75% silver nitrate.
- the solution may be contained in a fountain pen, ball-point pen, or on an ink pad for printing purposes.
- a line drawn or printed on the hydrazine sulfate-containing surface of the paper will operate to precipitate metallic silver in a continuous electrically conductive mark.
- Example I A piece of paper is coated with a 20% water solution of hydrazine sulfate and allowed to dry at room tem- 3,032,443 Patented May 1, 1962 ICC perature or at a slightly elevated temperature but below the decomposition point of the reducing agent.
- An ink is made by dissolving 50 grams silver nitrate in 50 cc.
- Example II Example I was repeated using concentrations of hydrazine sulfate varying from 1% to 50%.
- Metallic silver marks produced on the dry hydrazine sulfate-containing paper had adequate conductivity to actuate electronic reading devices.
- the silver in marks on paper prepared with over 35% hydrazine sulfate had a tendency to spread but the conductivity was satisfactory.
- Example III The process of Example I was repeated using ammoniacal silver chloride instead of silver nitrate. Also the concentration of the ammoniacal silver nitrate solutions was varied from 5% to 75%.
- the method of forming an electrically conducting mark on paper which comprises applying on said paper surface an aqueous solution of a hydrazine sulfate, drying said surface, and marking on said surface by marking thereon with an aqueous ammoniacal silver salt solution substantially at room temperature.
- ammoniacal silver salt is ammoniacal silver nitrate.
- ammoniacal silver salt solution is an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution having a concentration of 5% to 75% by weight.
Description
United States Patent METHOD FOR FORMING AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING MARK ON A NON-CONDUCTING SURFACE Oliver A. Short, Metuchen, NJ assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware N0 Drawing. Filed July 7, 1958, Ser. No. 746,627
4 Claims. (Cl. 117212) This invention relates to a new and improved process for positioning an electrically conducting mark on a nonconducting surface. In its most practical application the invention relates to the application of electrically conducting marks on paper surfaces.
Many attempts have been made heretofore to provide a satisfactory method of writing, printing, or otherwise applying an electrically conductive mark on paper or similar non-conductive surfaces. Writing or printing with graphite or metallic inks or pencils on paper has not been heretofore satisfactory. Either such written or printed marks were not sufficiently conductive, or they did not adhere sufiiciently well to the paper.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an improved method for the application of electrically conducting marks on paper.
It is a further object to provide a permanent, adherent, highly electrically conductive mark on paper or like nonconductive surface.
Other objects of the invention will become apparent by the description that follows.
These objects may be accomplished by coating or impregnating paper with an aqueous solution of a hydrazine sulfate, drying the same and subsequently writing, printing or otherwise applying marks or indicia of any kind on said dry paper with an aqueous ammoniacal complex silver salt solution. Even though the dry paper containing a hydrazine sulfate is exposed to atmospheric conditions for weeks, the ammoniacal silver salt solution will react with the dry hydrazine sulfate to produce a continuous film of metallic silver which is highly electrically conductive.
The hydrazine sulfate may be monohydrazine sulfate, N H -H SO dihydrazine sulfate (N H -I-I SO or hydrazine disulfate, N H -2H SO All three substances are solids that can be characterized by their physical and crystallographic properties. On the basis of its greater solubility in water, the dihydrazine sulfate is preferred. At least 1% of the hydrazine sulfate is dissolved in water and the paper coated with a sufficient quantity thereof to at least partially impregnate the paper. The paper is then dried, preferably at atmospheric temperature after which it is ready to be written or printed on with the ammoniacal silver salt solution. The complex silver salt may be ammoniacal silver chloride nitrate or sulfate, preferably ammoniacal silver nitrate.
The aqueous ammoniacal silver salt solution may contain between 5% and 75% silver nitrate. The solution may be contained in a fountain pen, ball-point pen, or on an ink pad for printing purposes. A line drawn or printed on the hydrazine sulfate-containing surface of the paper will operate to precipitate metallic silver in a continuous electrically conductive mark.
The following examples are given to illustrate, in detail, the process of this invention.
Example I A piece of paper is coated with a 20% water solution of hydrazine sulfate and allowed to dry at room tem- 3,032,443 Patented May 1, 1962 ICC perature or at a slightly elevated temperature but below the decomposition point of the reducing agent. An ink is made by dissolving 50 grams silver nitrate in 50 cc.
water and adding concentrated ammonia water until the 5 precipitate which is first formed dissolves. An excess of about 5 cc. of ammonia is then added. When the ink is applied to the paper by means of a pen, a clear watery image is first obtained but in less than 2 seconds the image darkens and then becomes very black. This black image is sutiiciently conducting to actuate electronic reading devices, i.e. less than 50,000 ohms for inch. Frequently resistances as low as ohms for inch are obtained.
Example II Example I was repeated using concentrations of hydrazine sulfate varying from 1% to 50%. Metallic silver marks produced on the dry hydrazine sulfate-containing paper had adequate conductivity to actuate electronic reading devices. The silver in marks on paper prepared with over 35% hydrazine sulfate had a tendency to spread but the conductivity was satisfactory.
Example III The process of Example I was repeated using ammoniacal silver chloride instead of silver nitrate. Also the concentration of the ammoniacal silver nitrate solutions was varied from 5% to 75%.
In all cases the conductivity of the lines or marks produced was adequate for use in mark sensing devices.
Throughout the specification and claims percentages, parts and proportions refer to percentages, parts and proportions by weight unless otherwise specified.
Since it is obvious that many changes and modifications can be made in the above-described details without departing from the nature and spirit of the invention, it is to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to said details except as set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
40 l. The method of forming an electrically conducting mark on paper which comprises applying on said paper surface an aqueous solution of a hydrazine sulfate, drying said surface, and marking on said surface by marking thereon with an aqueous ammoniacal silver salt solution substantially at room temperature.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the ammoniacal silver salt is ammoniacal silver nitrate.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the aqueous so lution of a hydrazine sulfate has a concentration be- 50 tween 1% and 50% by weight.
4. The method of claim 1 in which the ammoniacal silver salt solution is an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution having a concentration of 5% to 75% by weight.
Wein: (H) Metallizing Non-Conductors, 1945, Metal Industry Publishing Co., New York, N.Y., page 27 relied on.
Wein: Hydrazine-Its Use in Mirror Making, The Glass Industry, August 1955, pp. 413-416 and 422.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF FORMING AN ELECTRICTALLY CONDUCTING MARK ON PAPER WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING ON SAID PAPER SURFACE AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A HYDRAZINE SULFATE, DRYING SAID SURFACE, AND MARKING ON SAID SURFACE BY MARKING THEREON WITH AN AQUEOUS AMMONIACAL SILVER SALT SOLUTION SUBSTANTIALLY AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US746627A US3032443A (en) | 1958-07-07 | 1958-07-07 | Method for forming an electrically conducting mark on a non-conducting surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US746627A US3032443A (en) | 1958-07-07 | 1958-07-07 | Method for forming an electrically conducting mark on a non-conducting surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3032443A true US3032443A (en) | 1962-05-01 |
Family
ID=25001652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US746627A Expired - Lifetime US3032443A (en) | 1958-07-07 | 1958-07-07 | Method for forming an electrically conducting mark on a non-conducting surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3032443A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3239373A (en) * | 1962-04-24 | 1966-03-08 | Louis S Hoodwin | Printed circuit process |
| US3259559A (en) * | 1962-08-22 | 1966-07-05 | Day Company | Method for electroless copper plating |
| US3369933A (en) * | 1964-01-17 | 1968-02-20 | Ashland Oil Inc | Reduction of metallic salts by amine oxide pyrolysis |
| US3484654A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1969-12-16 | American Can Co | High-speed printing of electronic components and articles produced thereby |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2511472A (en) * | 1947-09-19 | 1950-06-13 | George J Kmecik | Method of applying metallic coatings on nonmetallic materials |
| US2762714A (en) * | 1952-04-10 | 1956-09-11 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method of making silver mirrors on glass |
| US2879175A (en) * | 1953-10-23 | 1959-03-24 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Method for producing a silver coating on a non metallic material |
-
1958
- 1958-07-07 US US746627A patent/US3032443A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2511472A (en) * | 1947-09-19 | 1950-06-13 | George J Kmecik | Method of applying metallic coatings on nonmetallic materials |
| US2762714A (en) * | 1952-04-10 | 1956-09-11 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method of making silver mirrors on glass |
| US2879175A (en) * | 1953-10-23 | 1959-03-24 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Method for producing a silver coating on a non metallic material |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3239373A (en) * | 1962-04-24 | 1966-03-08 | Louis S Hoodwin | Printed circuit process |
| US3259559A (en) * | 1962-08-22 | 1966-07-05 | Day Company | Method for electroless copper plating |
| US3369933A (en) * | 1964-01-17 | 1968-02-20 | Ashland Oil Inc | Reduction of metallic salts by amine oxide pyrolysis |
| US3484654A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1969-12-16 | American Can Co | High-speed printing of electronic components and articles produced thereby |
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