US303151A - Egbert hadfibld - Google Patents
Egbert hadfibld Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US303151A US303151A US303151DA US303151A US 303151 A US303151 A US 303151A US 303151D A US303151D A US 303151DA US 303151 A US303151 A US 303151A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- manganese
- per cent
- hadfibld
- egbert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 72
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 72
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 34
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009618 Bessemer process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000003660 Reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
Definitions
- ROBERT HADFIELD OF SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.
- my improved steel render it specially adapted for the manufacture of steel rolls to be used in place of chilled rolls; also, for casting guns and armor-plates, and for wheels for railroad-cars and streetcars, and for the railway plant generally; also, for the manufacture of various implements and parts of machinery, and for making articles known in the trade as steel toys, and for the larger edged tools, which, when cast of my improved steel, need only to be ground, as they can be used without forging or tempering.
- the ferro-manganese is, if desired, first carefully melted or treated in a reverberating or other suitable furnace before adding it to theinolten decarburized iron or steel,into which it is poured in a melted or highly-heated state,or the molten iron or steel is added to the melted or highly-heated ferromanganese.
- the iron or steel for receiving or being added to the manganese is prepared in any of the known processes of melting and decarburizing cast-iron or making steel in reverberating or other furnaces, and by the Bessemer process,or that known as the openhearth process.
- the metal is decarburized, or nearly so, or the steel melted, as the case may be, in any desired manner, the melted or heated ferro-manganese is poured into it, or vice versa.
- the mixed molten mass is then well stirred by any known means, so as to incorporate the manganese thoroughly with the molten decarburized iron or the steel. lVhen this has been effected, nothing remains I CC) but to pour out my improved steel thusquot. of manganese. More or less ferro-manduced into ingot or other suitable molds,when, after cooling, it is ready for use without tempering, rolling, forging, or hardening,though it may be rolled or forged in the usual manner.
- the steel thus produced I have found to be harder, stronger, denser, and tougher than steel now made,even when the latter has been forged and rolled.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT Orrice,
ROBERT HADFIELD, OF SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.
STEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 303,151, dated August 5, 1884.
Application filed May 5, 1884. (No specimens.) Patented in England January 1'2, 1583, No. 200.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, ROBERT ITADFIELD, of Sheffield, in the county of York, England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steel; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
In my British Patent No. 200, of January 12, 1883, and my pending application No. 120,640 for Letters Patent of the United States, I de scribe an improved process, which consists in the admixture of a large percentage of manganese with molten iron in a decarburized or nearly decarburized condition, or to molten steel, whereby I produce a new description of steel of great toughness and hardness, and pos sessing several peculiar and Valuable distinguishing characteristics. The use of manganese in the manufacture of steel has been known and practiced, but only in proportions not generally exceeding one to one and onehalf per cent, it having always been supposed previous to my invention that the presence of any larger percentage of manganese would be injurious to the steel and result in an utterly worthless product. I have discovered, however, as the result of extensive experiments, that when manganese is added to the metal or to melted steel in the process of manufacture in any proportions not less than about seven per cent. nor more than thirty per cent. of manganese the most beneficial effects are produced and a new product results,which has the valuable qualities of ordinary steel, while differing from it in several important respects, so that my new manufacture of steel is distinguishable from the grades of steel produced by any of the ordinary processes heretofore known in the following particulars: first, in its freedom from honey-comb and other similar defects; second, in its great toughness and extreme hardness, by reason of which the hitherto indispensable processes of rolling, forgin g, hammering, hardening, and tempering be come unnecessary and may be in many cases entirely dispensed with, though of course this material can, if desired, be rolled or forged in the usual manner third, in its great thinness and fluidity, whereby fine steel castings can be made without misrunning, and which will be nearly, if not quite, as smooth as the so-ealled metal castings; fourth, that when cast it does not settle much and does not draw like ordinary eastings, particularly at the junction of the thin and thick parts of the casting. These characteristics of my improved steel render it specially adapted for the manufacture of steel rolls to be used in place of chilled rolls; also, for casting guns and armor-plates, and for wheels for railroad-cars and streetcars, and for the railway plant generally; also, for the manufacture of various implements and parts of machinery, and for making articles known in the trade as steel toys, and for the larger edged tools, which, when cast of my improved steel, need only to be ground, as they can be used without forging or tempering.
In making my improved steel the ordinary IGITO'IHZLDgZUlGSG of commerce may be used; but I prefer in all cases a rich ferro-manganese as high as possible in manganese, containing about eighty per cent. of manganese, and as low as possible in carbon, silicon, and other foreign bodies. And hereI may remark that my invention renders the presence of silicon unnecessary for producing soundness.
In making my improved steel by the pro cess described in my said application I proceed as follows, viz: The ferro-manganese is, if desired, first carefully melted or treated in a reverberating or other suitable furnace before adding it to theinolten decarburized iron or steel,into which it is poured in a melted or highly-heated state,or the molten iron or steel is added to the melted or highly-heated ferromanganese. The iron or steel for receiving or being added to the manganese is prepared in any of the known processes of melting and decarburizing cast-iron or making steel in reverberating or other furnaces, and by the Bessemer process,or that known as the openhearth process. hen the metal is decarburized, or nearly so, or the steel melted, as the case may be, in any desired manner, the melted or heated ferro-manganese is poured into it, or vice versa. The mixed molten mass is then well stirred by any known means, so as to incorporate the manganese thoroughly with the molten decarburized iron or the steel. lVhen this has been effected, nothing remains I CC) but to pour out my improved steel thus procent. of manganese. More or less ferro-manduced into ingot or other suitable molds,when, after cooling, it is ready for use without tempering, rolling, forging, or hardening,though it may be rolled or forged in the usual manner.
It remains only to state the proportions in which the manganese should be mixed with the iron or steel to produce the desired result. This will depend on the purpose for which the steel is desired to be used. To produce a steel suitable for armor-plates, I add such a quantity of rich ferro-manganese (containing about eighty per cent. of manganese) asto obtain in the steel, decarburized iron, &c., under treatment about ten per cent. of manganese. If the steel is to be used for making car-wheels or railway plant, I add such a quantity of ferro-manganese which yields a steel containing about eleven per cent. of manganese. In edge-tools and steel toys I add such a quantity of Term-manganese as to obtain a steel containing about twelve per ganese' may be used,according to the hardness of steel required. The range of proportions which I have found to produce beneficial results, and which I desire to include in my invention, is from about seven to thirty per cent of manganese.
The steel thus produced I have found to be harder, stronger, denser, and tougher than steel now made,even when the latter has been forged and rolled.
Having thus described my improvement, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
As a new article of manufacture, steel containing a proportion of from about seven to thirty per cent. of manganese.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 23d day of June, A. D. 1884.
ROBERT HADFIELD.
WVitn esses:
IIAYR. RonsoN, BENJ'. FREEBOROUGH.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US303151A true US303151A (en) | 1884-08-05 |
Family
ID=2372323
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US303151D Expired - Lifetime US303151A (en) | Egbert hadfibld |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US303151A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3010823A (en) * | 1959-08-07 | 1961-11-28 | American Brake Shoe Co | Easily machinable, non-magnetic, manganese steel |
-
0
- US US303151D patent/US303151A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3010823A (en) * | 1959-08-07 | 1961-11-28 | American Brake Shoe Co | Easily machinable, non-magnetic, manganese steel |
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