US3027272A - Air permeable fire retarding and flame proof partitions, doors and the like - Google Patents
Air permeable fire retarding and flame proof partitions, doors and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3027272A US3027272A US775809A US77580958A US3027272A US 3027272 A US3027272 A US 3027272A US 775809 A US775809 A US 775809A US 77580958 A US77580958 A US 77580958A US 3027272 A US3027272 A US 3027272A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- air permeable
- fire retarding
- doors
- flame proof
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- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 title description 22
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 7
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000565280 Gerris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002687 nonaqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
- Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S521/907—Nonurethane flameproofed cellular product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/1624—Destructible or deformable element controlled
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31688—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
Definitions
- 1 represents the carrier netting which
- the urea-formaldehyde resin employed was produced as follows: 35 kg. of disodium phosphate were dissolved in 812 kg. of 30% formaldehyde (243 kg. formaldehyde) with adjustment of the pH to 8.2 and 243 kg. of urea were added to such solution. The resulting mixture was stirred for about 4-5 hours while maintaining a temperature up to about 40 C. and then allowed to stand over night. The resulting thick mass was then heated to about 55 C. and the water content thereof reduced to 510% under a vacuum of 80-100 mm. Hg. As the water evaporates, the temperature is gradually raised to about 120 C. The resulting semi-dried product was then put into aluminium pans which were placed in a drying oven maintained at 103 C. under a vacuum of 100 mm. Hg. for 24 hours. The originally tough mass rose similarly to a cake dough and a coarsely porous frangible product resulted which was easy to remove from the pans and grind.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
March 27, 1.962 G. RATZEL 3,027,272
AIR PERMEABLE FIRE RETARDING AND FLAME PROOF PARTITIONS, DOORS AND THE LIKE Filed Nov. 24, 1958 1 Mfml W/PE INVENTOR 65/70 19725; BY%MAV% ATTORNEYS United States Patent AIR PERMEAELE FIRE RETARDING AND FLAME PROOF PARTITIONS, DOORS AND THE LIKE Gerri Riitzel, Illertissen, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Alim Corporation, New York, N.Y., a
corporation of New York Filed Nov. 24, 1958, Ser. No. 775,899 Claims priority, application Germany Nov. 23, 1957 4 Claims. (Cl. 117-99) with fire retarding chemicals or coated with foam form- .ing fire retardant compositions to prevent the spread of fires. Such partitions, however, had thedisadvantage that no air could be circulated between the spaces thus partitioned. Also, fire walls or fire doors provided with double steel surfaces are rather expensive and also do not permit the circulation of air.
Previously it has not been possible to prepare larger openings which especially serve for ventilation, such as, for example, cable shafts, mine shafts and the like, in such a Way that penetration of fire therethrough could be completely prevented.
According to the invention it was unexpectedly found that fire-retarding and flame proof partitions, doors, windows and the like while normally permitting a practically undisturbed passage of air therethrough could be produced from air permeable carriers, such as fine meshed nettings or grids of any desirable material, such as, for example, iron wire, or other metals or also of organic materials. According tothe invention these carriers are coated with a fire protecting coating which is incombustible and expands or puffs up upon heating. Such coating is applied to the carrier so that the openings therein serving for passage of air therethrough are not sealed. When such carriers are subjected to the action of heat the fire retarding coating expands to close the openings and thusly prevents the penetration of flames therethrough. In view of its incombustibility and insulation, direct transfer of the heat of the fire is hindered.
Numerous fire retaring compositions suitable for the fire retarding coating according to the invention have already been developed. Those which essentially consist of a synthetic resin and a foam forming material, and if desired a carbon forming component such as glue or starch have proved particularly effective. Compositions of this nature are fully described in Jones et al. U.S. Patent Number 2,523,626 as well as in German Patent 962,824 and U.S. Patent Number 2,881,088 which corresponds to such German patent.
Preferably, the fire retarding compositions employed according to the invention contain about 50 to 80 parts by weight of foam forming material and about 3 to 50 parts by weight of synthetic resin and if desired to 50 parts by weight of a carbon forming component.
The first retarding compositions employed according to the invention, in addition to the compositions indicated above, can also contain diluents or inert fillers such as asbestos powder, barium sulfate, kieselguhr and the like.
The following materials can advantageously be employed as the foam forming component of the fire retarding compositions employed according to the inven tion: phosphoric acid and its salts such :as monoammomum or diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, sulfamic acid, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium bromide, sodium tungstate, sodium borate and boric acid.
The resin component of the fire retarding compositions according to the invention preferably is a urea-formaldehyde resin and/or a urea-formaldehyde-acrolein resin. Mixtures of 40-60% of urea-formaldehyde resin with 6040% of urea-formaIdehyde-acrolein resin have been found particularly suitable. Urea-formaldehyde resins in which the proportions of formaldehyde component to urea component is l to 2.5 moles of formaldehyde component per mole of urea component are particularly suited. Urea-formaldehyde-acrolein resins in which the proportions of the components are about 2 to 2.5 moles of formaldehyde component and about 0.12 mole of acrolein component per mole of urea component are preferred.
Suitable carbon forming materials which can be used as the carbon forming component of the fire retarding compositions employed according to the invention, for example, are as follows: starch, dextrin, gum tragacanth, figur, mannitol glucosamine, glue, casein, gelatin and the li e.
The fire retarding compositions employed according to the invention are generally applied to the surfaces of the air permeable carrier as a solution or suspension or emulsified in a liquid medium. Water is generally the cheapest suitable material. Drying oil or bituminous paint vehicles or other non-aqueous vehicles may also be employed. The method of application of fire retarding compositions to the air permeable carrier can be by dipping, spraying or painting.
Instead of employing nettings or grids as the air permeable carrier, other air permeable structures can be employed, such as, for example, perforated materials in which the small perforation will seal off under the influence of heat as described above. Also, free hanging curtains of single wires, asbestos fibres and the like can be provided with the fire retarding coating.
The present invention, for example, renders it possible to provide a means for preventing spread of fire through cable shafts, mine shafts or other openings which cannot be closed off by fire walls or doors because of required air circulation, in that the described discontinuous surfaces which have been provided with a foam forming fire retarding coating are firmly afiixed transverse to the axis of the shafts or openings. In order to provide certain effects, it is also possible to provide a plurality of nettings or girds in series in which the individual nettings or grids may contain different sized openings which can be'staggered with respect to each other and which also may be provided with fire retarding coatings of different thicknesses.
The novel coated air permeable materials according to the invention can also be employed as replacements for smaller fire walls. They are very light and air permeable and are not employed as solid walls. It is possible to install and dismantle partitions of such materials without trouble and without entailing too great an expense. I In addition, surfaces, which, for certain reasons, cannot be painted with fire retardant paints, such as lime walls, can be provided with fire retarding grids or nettings according to the invention. The grids or nettings can also be applied over easily combustible or readily fusible building elements, such as, for example, foamed styrene plastic, to provide them with protection against fires.
In the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 shows a fire retarding netting according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of one of the coated wires of such netting.
In such drawing, 1 represents the carrier netting which,
for example, can be metal Wire or other suitable strand material, such as asbestos fibre strands and 2 represents the fire retarding coating over such netting.
The following example will serve to illustrate an air permeable fire retarding structure according to the invention.
Example A netting having square meshes with a mesh opening of 5.5 mm. and formed of iron wire 1 mm. in diameter was coated with an aqueous suspension containing 200 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde resin, 170 parts by weight of urea-form'aldehyde-acrolein resin, 484 parts by weight monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts by weight of calcium phosphate, 76 parts by weight of soluble starch, 50 parts by weight of asbestos powder, all having a particle size passing through a screen of 1,600 meshes per cm. The application of the coating was such that upon drying a coating weighing 900 g. per square meter of netting was obtained.
Such netting, when employed in partitions, doors and the like, normally permitted good circulation of air therethrough but upon access of fire prevented spread of fire therethrough, as the heat of the fire caused the coating to foam and swell up to seal off the mesh openings with an incombustible, stable, heat insulating foam.
The urea-formaldehyde resin employed was produced as follows: 35 kg. of disodium phosphate were dissolved in 812 kg. of 30% formaldehyde (243 kg. formaldehyde) with adjustment of the pH to 8.2 and 243 kg. of urea were added to such solution. The resulting mixture was stirred for about 4-5 hours while maintaining a temperature up to about 40 C. and then allowed to stand over night. The resulting thick mass was then heated to about 55 C. and the water content thereof reduced to 510% under a vacuum of 80-100 mm. Hg. As the water evaporates, the temperature is gradually raised to about 120 C. The resulting semi-dried product was then put into aluminium pans which were placed in a drying oven maintained at 103 C. under a vacuum of 100 mm. Hg. for 24 hours. The originally tough mass rose similarly to a cake dough and a coarsely porous frangible product resulted which was easy to remove from the pans and grind.
The urea-formaldehyde-acrolein employed was produced as follows: 17.76 kg. of urea, 4.43 liters of distilled water and 0.30 kg. of glacial acetic acid were 'mixed and heated to 50 C. Upon reaching this temperature, 2 kg. of acrolein were added over a period of 5-6 minutes at a rate that the temperature of the mixture did not exceed 58 C. After the acrolein had been added, the mixture was heated to 70 C. for 30 minutes and then cooled to 45 C. The product obtained was a yellowish thinly viscous precondensate.
At the same time, 55.43 kg. of 30% formaldehyde, 4.35 kg. of hexamethylene tetramine and 15.55 liters of distilled water were mixed in another vessel and the resulting solution mixed with the precondensate after it had been cooled to 45 C. The resulting mixture was heated in 10 minutes to C. and maintained at this temperature for 30 minutes and then cooled to 20 C. and the pH adjusted with NaOH to 7.2.
Similar results were also obtained when other foam forming fire retarding coating compositions, such as described in Schulenburg US. Patent Number 2,881,088, were employed. Of course, in each instance care must be taken that the quantity of fire retarding coating applied is sufiicient so that upon swelling upon access to fire the openings in the normally air permeable carrier will be closed.
I claim:
1. An air permeable fire retardant and flame proof fire shielding element comprising an air permeable wire netting having spaced openings coated with an incombustible fire retardant composition which swells upon heating normally leaving air permeable openings in such shielding element but swelling to seal such openings upon access of heat from a fire to such element.
2. An air permeable fire retardant and flame proof fire shielding element comprising an air permeable carrier provided with spaced openings coated with an incombustible fire retardant composition containing a foam forming component and a synthetic resin component which swells upon heating normally leaving air permeable openings in such shielding element but swelling to seal such openings upon access of heat from a fire to such element.
'3. A fire shielding element according to claim 2 in which said synthetic resin component comprises a urea-formaldehyde resin.
4. A fire shielding element according to claim 2 in which said synthetic resin component comprises a ureaformaldehyde resin and a urea-formaldehyde-acrolein resin.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 391,237 Garrison Oct. 16, 1888 1,497,167 Emerson June 10, 1924 1,985,771 Eichengrum Dec. 25, 1934 2,172,698 Clayton et al. Sept. 12, 1939 2,328,057 Coulter Aug. 31, 1943 2,648,641 Rob'ison Oct. 11, 1953 2,681,326 Christianson July 15, 1954 2,755,260 Stilbert et a1. July 17, 1956 2,881,088 Schulenburg Apr. 7, 1959
Claims (1)
1. AN AIR PERMEABLE FIRE RETARDANT AND FLAME PROOF FIRE SHIELDING ELEMENT COMPRISING AN AIR PERMEABLE WIRE NETTING HAVING SPACED OPENINGS COATED WITH AN INCOMBUSTIBLE FIRE RETARDANT COMPOSITION WHICH SWELLS UPON HEATING NORMALLY LEAVING AIR PERMEABLE OPENINGS IN SUCH SHIELDING ELEMENT BUT SWELLING TO SEAL SUCH OEPNINGS UPON ACESS OF HEAT FROM A FIRE TO SUCH ELEMENT.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3027272X | 1957-11-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3027272A true US3027272A (en) | 1962-03-27 |
Family
ID=8084687
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US775809A Expired - Lifetime US3027272A (en) | 1957-11-23 | 1958-11-24 | Air permeable fire retarding and flame proof partitions, doors and the like |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3027272A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3132045A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | 1964-05-05 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of impregnating film materials with ammonium bromide |
| US3416782A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1968-12-17 | Lord Corp | Mounting |
| US3513609A (en) * | 1968-03-13 | 1970-05-26 | Du Pont | Tendons for post-tensioned concrete construction |
| US4648418A (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1987-03-10 | Keystone International, Inc. | Fireproof valve assembly and valve element for use therein |
| US5284700A (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1994-02-08 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Fire-resistant mineral fibers, structures employing such mineral fibers and processes for forming same |
| US20040025465A1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-12 | Corina-Maria Aldea | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
| US20070031335A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2007-02-08 | Aya Jakobovits | Nucleic acids and corresponding proteins useful in the detection and treatment of various cancers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US391237A (en) * | 1888-10-16 | Roofing | ||
| US1497167A (en) * | 1921-08-23 | 1924-06-10 | Emerson Victor Lee | Covering for constructing aircraft |
| US1985771A (en) * | 1931-08-07 | 1934-12-25 | Celanese Corp | Coated wire cloth |
| US2172698A (en) * | 1939-09-12 | water | ||
| US2328057A (en) * | 1941-02-27 | 1943-08-31 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet |
| US2648641A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1953-08-11 | Fir Tex Insulating Board Co | Fire retardant coating containing a carbohydrate, urea or melamineformaldehyde and dicyandiamide or melamine |
| US2681326A (en) * | 1950-08-26 | 1954-06-15 | Sherwin Williams Co | Water reducible fire-retardant coating compositions |
| US2755260A (en) * | 1953-05-13 | 1956-07-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Fire retardant coating composition |
| US2881088A (en) * | 1956-03-22 | 1959-04-07 | Alim Corp | Fire retardant composition and method of coating therewith |
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1958
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Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US391237A (en) * | 1888-10-16 | Roofing | ||
| US2172698A (en) * | 1939-09-12 | water | ||
| US1497167A (en) * | 1921-08-23 | 1924-06-10 | Emerson Victor Lee | Covering for constructing aircraft |
| US1985771A (en) * | 1931-08-07 | 1934-12-25 | Celanese Corp | Coated wire cloth |
| US2328057A (en) * | 1941-02-27 | 1943-08-31 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet |
| US2648641A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1953-08-11 | Fir Tex Insulating Board Co | Fire retardant coating containing a carbohydrate, urea or melamineformaldehyde and dicyandiamide or melamine |
| US2681326A (en) * | 1950-08-26 | 1954-06-15 | Sherwin Williams Co | Water reducible fire-retardant coating compositions |
| US2755260A (en) * | 1953-05-13 | 1956-07-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Fire retardant coating composition |
| US2881088A (en) * | 1956-03-22 | 1959-04-07 | Alim Corp | Fire retardant composition and method of coating therewith |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3132045A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | 1964-05-05 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of impregnating film materials with ammonium bromide |
| US3416782A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1968-12-17 | Lord Corp | Mounting |
| US3513609A (en) * | 1968-03-13 | 1970-05-26 | Du Pont | Tendons for post-tensioned concrete construction |
| US4648418A (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1987-03-10 | Keystone International, Inc. | Fireproof valve assembly and valve element for use therein |
| US5284700A (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1994-02-08 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Fire-resistant mineral fibers, structures employing such mineral fibers and processes for forming same |
| US20070031335A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2007-02-08 | Aya Jakobovits | Nucleic acids and corresponding proteins useful in the detection and treatment of various cancers |
| US20040025465A1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-12 | Corina-Maria Aldea | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
| US7311964B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2007-12-25 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
| US20100147449A1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2010-06-17 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. | Inorganic matrix-fabric system and method |
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