US3027252A - Oxidation resistant iron-chromium alloy - Google Patents

Oxidation resistant iron-chromium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3027252A
US3027252A US843300A US84330059A US3027252A US 3027252 A US3027252 A US 3027252A US 843300 A US843300 A US 843300A US 84330059 A US84330059 A US 84330059A US 3027252 A US3027252 A US 3027252A
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iron
chromium
weight percent
yttrium
alloys
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US843300A
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James A Mcgurty
John F Collins
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium

Definitions

  • the field of high temperature metallurgy is, for most practical purposes, limited to the utilization of oxidation resistant iron base and nickel base alloys, and the use of even these materials is limited to temperatures not in excess of 2000 F.
  • the only other generally available materials which might be expected to have useful strength, oxidation resistance above 2000 F. and workability are chromium base or ironchromium base alloys. While high temperature, high strength, structural, chromium base and iron-chromium base alloys do exist, the usefulness of such alloys has been limited by oxide film formation on the surface of such alloys which does not afford sufiicient protection against further oxidation at high temperatures.
  • the chromium oxide film which is formed during heating of the metal in air provides some useful protection at temperatures up to 2000 F. Above this temperature, oxidation is sufi'iciently rapid to discourage use of the metal at such elevated temperatures.
  • a ternary oxidation resistant ironchromium alloy which consists of from 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
  • Iron-chromium base alloys with small amounts of yttrium are stable in air to temperatures well above 2000" F. These ternary alloys of iron, chromium and yttrium have good oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 2000 F.
  • Iron-chromium base alloys which would provide high strength, good oxidation resistance and cladding protection for base alloys at temperatures in excess of 2000 F. are desirable.
  • the invention of the present application provides such iron-chromium base alloys with improved workability and an improved oxide film.
  • An alloy of iron, chromium, aluminum and yttrium which consists of from 0.5 to 4.0 weight percent aluminum, from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium, from 2 0.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
  • An alloy of iron, chromium, aluminum and yttrium which consists of 3.0 weight percent aluminum, from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and thebalance being iron.

Description

United States Patent Ofitice 3,027,252 Patented Mar. 27, 1962 3,027,252 OXIDATION RESISTANT IRON-CHROMIUM ALLOY James A. McGurty, Cincinnati, and John F. Collins, Hamilton, Ohio, assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed Sept. 29, 1959, Ser. No. 843,300 3 Claims. (Cl. 75-126) This invention relates to high temperature, oxidation resistant alloys and, more particularly, to alloys of iron, chromium, aluminum and yttrium.
For applications in air, the field of high temperature metallurgy is, for most practical purposes, limited to the utilization of oxidation resistant iron base and nickel base alloys, and the use of even these materials is limited to temperatures not in excess of 2000 F. The only other generally available materials which might be expected to have useful strength, oxidation resistance above 2000 F. and workability are chromium base or ironchromium base alloys. While high temperature, high strength, structural, chromium base and iron-chromium base alloys do exist, the usefulness of such alloys has been limited by oxide film formation on the surface of such alloys which does not afford sufiicient protection against further oxidation at high temperatures. The chromium oxide film which is formed during heating of the metal in air provides some useful protection at temperatures up to 2000 F. Above this temperature, oxidation is sufi'iciently rapid to discourage use of the metal at such elevated temperatures.
In copending application, Serial No. 842,517, filed September 26, 1959, in the names of James A. McGurty and John F. Collins, a ternary oxidation resistant ironchromium alloy is disclosed and claimed which consists of from 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron. Iron-chromium base alloys with small amounts of yttrium are stable in air to temperatures well above 2000" F. These ternary alloys of iron, chromium and yttrium have good oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 2000 F.
Iron-chromium base alloys which would provide high strength, good oxidation resistance and cladding protection for base alloys at temperatures in excess of 2000 F. are desirable. The invention of the present application provides such iron-chromium base alloys with improved workability and an improved oxide film.
It is an object of our invention to provide an alloy of iron, chromium, aluminum and yttrium.
It is another object of our invention to provide an iron-chromium base alloy with an improved oxide film.
It is another object of our invention to provide an ironchromium base alloy with improved workability.
It is a further object of our invention to provide an alloy which has superior oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 2.000 F.
In carrying out my invention in one form, from 0.5 to 4.0 weight percent aluminum, and from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium are combined with an iron-chromium base alloy having from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium and the balance of iron to provide a high temperature, oxidation resistant alloy with improved workability and an improved oxide film.
These and various other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be better understood from the following description.
We discovered unexpectedly that small additions of aluminum and yttrium to iron-chromium base alloys producd alloys which had superior oxidation resistance in air at temperatures in excess of 2000 F., improved workability, and improved oxide films. The addition of from 0.5 to 4.0 weight percent of aluminum, and from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium to iron-chromium alloys having from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium and the balance of iron provided these extraordinary effects. While this weight percent of aluminum improved this alloy, 3.0 weight percent aluminum appeared to be the optimum amount of this addition to the alloy. Such an alloy, containing 3.0 weight percent aluminum, provided an enamel, thermal shock resistant, non-spelling film to temperatures slightly below the melting point of 2600 F. to 2700 F.
During the research which led to the discovery of these oxidation resistant iron-chromium alloys, a series of small vacuum melted iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium buttons were prepared. These alloy buttons, containing from 0.5 to 4.0 weight percent aluminum, from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to .0 weight percent chromium and the balance of iron, were heated in air at 2300" F. for hours. The specimens were then examined metallographically and weight changes measured. The data tabulated in Table I shows the excellent stability of the iron-chromium base alloys containing aluminum and yttrium as compared with iron-chromium base alloys. 'Iable H shows the improved workability of as compared with Fe-25Cr-5Al-1Y.
TABLE I Oxidation Resistant Iron-Chromium Alloys [100 hours, air, 2300 F.]
TABLE II Workability of Iron-Chromium Alloys Additions workability Hot rolling-splits hot short. FB-25CTT5AIT1Y {Cold rolling-creche. Fc-25Gr0.5AllY- Gold rolls readily. Fe-250r1.5AllY D0.
Do. Do. Cold rolls after annealing.
While other modifications of this invention which may be employed within the scope of the invention have not been described, the invention is intended to include all such as may be embraced within the following claims.
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An alloy of iron, chromium, aluminum and yttrium which consists of from 0.5 to 4.0 weight percent aluminum, from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium, from 2 0.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and the balance being iron.
2. An alloy of iron, chromium, aluminum and yttrium which consists of 3.0 weight percent aluminum, from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent yttrium, from 20.0 to 95.0 weight percent chromium, and thebalance being iron.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Rohn Nov. 17, 1936 Glaser Nov. 19, 1957

Claims (1)

  1. 3. AN ALLOY OF IRON, CHROMIUM, ALUMINUM AND YTTRIUM WHICH CONSISTS OF 3.0 WEIGHT PERCENT ALUMINUM, 1.0 WEIGHT PERCENT YTTRIUM, 25.0 WEIGHT PERCENT CHROMIUM, AND THE BALANCE BEING IRON.
US843300A 1959-09-29 1959-09-29 Oxidation resistant iron-chromium alloy Expired - Lifetime US3027252A (en)

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3227548A (en) * 1963-02-18 1966-01-04 Gen Electric Chromium base alloy
US3293007A (en) * 1965-11-29 1966-12-20 Carl S Wukusick Steam corrosion-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys and process for making same
US3298826A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-01-17 Carl S Wukusick Embrittlement-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys
DE1258608B (en) * 1962-03-02 1968-01-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Mechanically formable iron-aluminum alloy with a relatively high aluminum content
US3419705A (en) * 1966-10-07 1968-12-31 Gen Electric Heater filament for an electrical cigarette lighter
US3542530A (en) * 1968-05-23 1970-11-24 United Aircraft Corp Nickel or cobalt base with a coating containing iron chromium and aluminum
US3852063A (en) * 1971-10-04 1974-12-03 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Heat resistant, anti-corrosive alloys for high temperature service
US3964877A (en) * 1975-08-22 1976-06-22 General Electric Company Porous high temperature seal abradable member
US4144380A (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-03-13 General Electric Company Claddings of high-temperature austenitic alloys for use in gas turbine buckets and vanes
US4195478A (en) * 1977-11-09 1980-04-01 Ford Motor Company Low cost insertable type port liner
US4230489A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-28 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Alloys of Fe, Cr, Si, Y and Al
US4277374A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-07-07 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Ferritic stainless steel substrate for catalytic system
EP0033203A2 (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-08-05 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Substrate for catalytic system and ferritic stainless steel from which it is formed
EP0034133A1 (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-19 Bulten-Kanthal AB Electrical heating element
EP0078582A2 (en) * 1981-11-04 1983-05-11 Philips Electronics Uk Limited Electrical circuits
US4414023A (en) * 1982-04-12 1983-11-08 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Iron-chromium-aluminum alloy and article and method therefor
US4460542A (en) * 1982-05-24 1984-07-17 Cabot Corporation Iron-bearing nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloy
US4661169A (en) * 1982-04-12 1987-04-28 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Producing an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with an adherent textured aluminum oxide surface
EP0236823A2 (en) * 1986-03-01 1987-09-16 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm. August Thyssen-Hütte Metallic semi-finished product, process for its manufacture and uses of the semi-finished product
US4999158A (en) * 1986-12-03 1991-03-12 Chrysler Corporation Oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions
US5578265A (en) * 1992-09-08 1996-11-26 Sandvik Ab Ferritic stainless steel alloy for use as catalytic converter material
US5608174A (en) * 1992-05-14 1997-03-04 Eck; Ralf Chromium-based alloy
EP1018563A1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2000-07-12 Jgc Corporation Heating furnace tube, method of using the same, and method of manufacturing the same
WO2001040530A1 (en) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-07 Sandvik Aktiebolag (Publ) PRODUCT MADE FROM AN ALLOY CONTAINING ONE OR MORE OF Cr, Al, Si, Ti AND SO CALLED ODE AND METHOD TO PRODUCE SAID PRODUCT
US20120001116A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Jds Uniphase Corporation Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
US9508475B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2016-11-29 Viavi Solutions Inc. Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2061370A (en) * 1934-01-18 1936-11-17 Rohn Wilhelm Heat resisting article
US2813789A (en) * 1952-04-08 1957-11-19 Glaser Louis Permanent magnet alloys

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2061370A (en) * 1934-01-18 1936-11-17 Rohn Wilhelm Heat resisting article
US2813789A (en) * 1952-04-08 1957-11-19 Glaser Louis Permanent magnet alloys

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1258608B (en) * 1962-03-02 1968-01-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Mechanically formable iron-aluminum alloy with a relatively high aluminum content
US3227548A (en) * 1963-02-18 1966-01-04 Gen Electric Chromium base alloy
US3298826A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-01-17 Carl S Wukusick Embrittlement-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys
DE1258110B (en) * 1964-04-06 1968-01-04 Atomic Energy Commission Use of an oxidation-resistant, non-brittle iron alloy as a material for components in superheated steam systems
US3293007A (en) * 1965-11-29 1966-12-20 Carl S Wukusick Steam corrosion-resistant iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloys and process for making same
US3419705A (en) * 1966-10-07 1968-12-31 Gen Electric Heater filament for an electrical cigarette lighter
US3542530A (en) * 1968-05-23 1970-11-24 United Aircraft Corp Nickel or cobalt base with a coating containing iron chromium and aluminum
US3852063A (en) * 1971-10-04 1974-12-03 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Heat resistant, anti-corrosive alloys for high temperature service
US3964877A (en) * 1975-08-22 1976-06-22 General Electric Company Porous high temperature seal abradable member
US4144380A (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-03-13 General Electric Company Claddings of high-temperature austenitic alloys for use in gas turbine buckets and vanes
US4195478A (en) * 1977-11-09 1980-04-01 Ford Motor Company Low cost insertable type port liner
US4230489A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-28 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Alloys of Fe, Cr, Si, Y and Al
US4277374A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-07-07 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Ferritic stainless steel substrate for catalytic system
EP0033203A2 (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-08-05 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Substrate for catalytic system and ferritic stainless steel from which it is formed
EP0033203A3 (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-08-26 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Substrate for catalytic system and ferritic stainless steel from which it is formed
EP0034133A1 (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-19 Bulten-Kanthal AB Electrical heating element
US4376245A (en) * 1980-02-06 1983-03-08 Bulten-Kanthal Ab Electrical heating element
EP0078582A2 (en) * 1981-11-04 1983-05-11 Philips Electronics Uk Limited Electrical circuits
EP0078582A3 (en) * 1981-11-04 1986-01-29 Philips Electronic And Associated Industries Limited Electrical circuits
US4912284A (en) * 1981-11-04 1990-03-27 U.S. Philips Corporation Electrical circuits
US4414023A (en) * 1982-04-12 1983-11-08 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Iron-chromium-aluminum alloy and article and method therefor
US4661169A (en) * 1982-04-12 1987-04-28 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Producing an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with an adherent textured aluminum oxide surface
US4460542A (en) * 1982-05-24 1984-07-17 Cabot Corporation Iron-bearing nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloy
EP0236823A2 (en) * 1986-03-01 1987-09-16 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm. August Thyssen-Hütte Metallic semi-finished product, process for its manufacture and uses of the semi-finished product
EP0236823A3 (en) * 1986-03-01 1988-05-25 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. August Thyssen-Hutte Metallic semi-finished product, process for its manufacture and uses of the semi-finished product
US4999158A (en) * 1986-12-03 1991-03-12 Chrysler Corporation Oxidation resistant iron base alloy compositions
US5608174A (en) * 1992-05-14 1997-03-04 Eck; Ralf Chromium-based alloy
US5578265A (en) * 1992-09-08 1996-11-26 Sandvik Ab Ferritic stainless steel alloy for use as catalytic converter material
EP1018563A4 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-12-12 Jgc Corp Heating furnace tube, method of using the same, and method of manufacturing the same
EP1018563A1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2000-07-12 Jgc Corporation Heating furnace tube, method of using the same, and method of manufacturing the same
WO2001040530A1 (en) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-07 Sandvik Aktiebolag (Publ) PRODUCT MADE FROM AN ALLOY CONTAINING ONE OR MORE OF Cr, Al, Si, Ti AND SO CALLED ODE AND METHOD TO PRODUCE SAID PRODUCT
US20120001116A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Jds Uniphase Corporation Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
US9508475B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2016-11-29 Viavi Solutions Inc. Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
US9845398B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2017-12-19 Viavi Solutions Inc. Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
US10479901B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2019-11-19 Viavi Solutions Inc. Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
US11441041B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2022-09-13 Viavi Solutions Inc. Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
US11787956B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2023-10-17 Viavi Solutions Inc. Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition

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