US3024589A - Method of making racket cord - Google Patents

Method of making racket cord Download PDF

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Publication number
US3024589A
US3024589A US569765A US56976556A US3024589A US 3024589 A US3024589 A US 3024589A US 569765 A US569765 A US 569765A US 56976556 A US56976556 A US 56976556A US 3024589 A US3024589 A US 3024589A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cord
support means
cigarette frame
cigarettes
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US569765A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vaughan George
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dunlop Rubber Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dunlop Rubber Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB34356/53A priority Critical patent/GB775093A/en
Application filed by Dunlop Rubber Co Ltd filed Critical Dunlop Rubber Co Ltd
Priority to US569765A priority patent/US3024589A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3024589A publication Critical patent/US3024589A/en
Priority to BE641941A priority patent/BE641941A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/444—Yarns or threads for use in sports applications

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on the discovery that racket cords which are as good as natural gut can be produced from materials made of a synthetic fibre-forming polymer having the formula R.X.R .Y. where R and R are hydrocarbon radicals and X and Y are amide or ester radicals, provided that the cord is built up in a particular manner from the component materials and that the materials are bonded together by means of a special adhesive. In this manner cord can be produced which does not stretch or wear unduly when subjected to continued impact with a ball, so that rackets equal in properties to those strung with natural gut can be obtained.
  • the polymers which give the best results are polyhexamethylene adipamide, the polymer obtainable from amino-caproic acid and polyethylene-terephthalate.
  • the production of cord in accordance with the present invention is carried out by spirally wrapping a filamentary core with one or more layers of wrapping material, both the core and the wrapping material being made of a fibre forming polymer as defined above, and bonding the wrapping to the core by means of an adhesive containing a high concentration of a phenol together with alcoholsoluble nylon.
  • an adhesive containing a high concentration of a phenol together with alcoholsoluble nylon e.g., phenol itself, i.e. monohydroxybenzene, but other phenols which have a softening action on the polymer, e.g., cresol, a xylenol or resorcinol, may be employed.
  • the phenol concentration should be between 40% and 80% and the nylon concentration between 10% and 40%.
  • the adhesive may contain up to 40% of an alcohol, particularly methyl, ethyl or benzyl alcohol. After winding the cord is heated to drive off the solvent and simultaneously is slightly stretched.
  • the helix angle of the spiral wrapping is of importance in obtaining cord having the required properties. In general it should be between 30 and 70 and is preferably about 40 to 50.
  • the best cord is obtained by using a single monofilament of heavy denier, e.g., about .03" diameter, as a core and wrapping it with two layers of opposite hand of monofilaments having a diameter of about .006".
  • a cord of somewhat lower quality, though still capable of giving satisfactory results, is obtained if a number of strands of multifilament yarn, e.g., of 210 denier, are used for the core and wrapping instead of the monofilaments.
  • FIGURE 1 shows the steps in forming a cord
  • FIGURE 2 shows the construction of a cord formed by a monofil core wrapped with two layers of monofils.
  • a nylon monofilament 0.042" in diameter forming a core A and wound on a let-off bobbin 1 of a wrapping machine was passed over tensioning rollers 2 and through a bath 3 containing a bonding solution consisting of 6 parts of phenol, 2 parts of alcoholsoluble nylon and 3 parts of water by weight.
  • the core was then passed upwardly through the wrapping machine represented by the bobbins 4 where it was spirally wrapped with two layers of nylon monofilament 0.005" in diameter.
  • the first layer B was wrapped in an anti-clockwise direction with a ribbon of 23 filaments and was immediately followed by the second layer C which was wrapped in a clockwise direction with a ribbon having 25 filaments.
  • Excess bonding solution was wiped off at 5 (FIGURE 1) and the wrapped cord D was wound around an intermediate take-off drum 6 mounted above the wrapping machine at a peripheral speed of 27 inches per minute.
  • Two drying tubes 8 and 9 were used, each consisting of a 10 foot length of heat-resisting glass tubing having an electrical tape heating element wound spirally around the surface and covered by lagging. Each tube was thermostatically-controlled to a temperature of 150 F. at the bottom and graduated to 250 F. at the top end.
  • the wrapped cord D from the machine was led up the first tube 8. The cord was then passed downwardly through the second tube 9.
  • the dried cord On emerging from the second tube the dried cord was wound up on a take-01f drum 7 at a speed of 28% inches per minute, the final gauge of the cord being 0.058".
  • Breaking load lbs Elongation at break percent 45 The impact strength of the cord was of the order of twice that of natural gut.
  • Cord may be prepared in a similar manner by wrapping a core of nylon or polyethylene-terephthalate with a single layer of nylon or polyethylene-terephthalate in the form of a monofilament 0.005" in diameter.
  • the core and the wrappings both have the same chemical composition, e.g. are both made of nylon or both of polyethylene-terephthalate.
  • the material used may be dyed to a natural gut colour so that cord is obtained which not only is equal in performance to natural gut but is also almost indistinguishable from it in appearance.
  • Cords may alternatively be made of a core of nylon monofilament or yarn and a wrapping of nylon yarn.
  • a suitable yarn for wrapping is of 210 denier.
  • Such a cord is also suitable for stringing a racket but its appearance and durability are not as good as that of the cords described above made wholly of nylon monofilaments.
  • An alternative construction may be obtained by covering a core, consisting, e.g. of a nylon monofilament of 0.010" in diameter, with a series of alternate clockwise and anti-clockwise wrappings of 0.005 diameter nylon monofilament, the number of wrappings being such that the finished diameter of the cord is between 0.020 and 0.060.
  • the core is treated by the application of the phenolic adhesive before each pair of wrappings is applied.
  • a number of monofilaments or yarns adhered together to form a tape about wide may be used, as may a tape obtained by extrusion or by cutting from sheet materials.
  • the advantage of using a wrapping material in tape form is that wrapping can be carried out much more rapidly than if a number of monofilarnents or yarns fed from separate packages are employed.
  • a method of making a racket cord which comprises coating a core having a diameter of from 0.020 inch to 0.060 inch of textile material made of a synthetic fibre-forming polymer having the formula RXR Y, where R and R each represent hydrocarbon radicals and X and Y represent a radical selected from the group consisting of amide radicals and ester radicals, with a liquid adhesive containing from 40% to 80% of a phenol and of from 20% to 40% of alcohol-soluble nylon, spirally wrapping thereon at least one layer of a wrapping material applied as a ribbon of filaments at an angle of from 30 to 70 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the core and made of a synthetic fibre-forming polymer having the formula RXR Y wherein R, R X and Y have the meanings given above, heating the wrapped cord to a temperature between 150 F. and 250 F. until the phenol is substantially removed therefrom and simultaneously stretching the cord.
  • liquid adhesive contains from 40% to 80% of monohydroxybenzene, from to 40% of alcohol-soluble nylon and an alcohol in an amount not exceeding 40%.
  • a method of making a racket cord having a diameter of from 0.020 inch to 0.060 inch which comprises coating a core of textile material made of a synthetic fibre-forming polymer having the formula RXR Y, Where R and R each represent hydrocarbon radicals and X and Y each represent a radical selected from the group consisting of amide radicals and ester radicals, with a liquid adhesive containing from 40 percent to 80 percent of a phenol and of from percent to 40 percent of alcohol soluble nylon, spirally wrapping thereon at least an inner layer and an outer layer of a wrapping material applied as ribbons of filaments at an angle of from to 70 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the core and made of a synthetic fibre forming polymer having the formula RXR Y, where R, R X and Y have the meanings given above, adjacent layers of wrapping material being wrapped one in clockwise and the other in anti-clockwise direction, Wiping excess adhesive from the outer layers and heating the wrapped cord to a temperature in the range of from 150 F. to 250 F. until the
  • a method according to claim 5 wherein the angle of wrap is from to 8.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US569765A 1956-03-06 1956-03-06 Method of making racket cord Expired - Lifetime US3024589A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB34356/53A GB775093A (en) 1956-03-06 1953-12-10 Improvements in cords
US569765A US3024589A (en) 1956-03-06 1956-03-06 Method of making racket cord
BE641941A BE641941A (en, 2012) 1956-03-06 1963-12-30

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US569765A US3024589A (en) 1956-03-06 1956-03-06 Method of making racket cord

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3024589A true US3024589A (en) 1962-03-13

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ID=24276763

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US569765A Expired - Lifetime US3024589A (en) 1956-03-06 1956-03-06 Method of making racket cord

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3024589A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE641941A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB775093A (en, 2012)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164952A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-01-12 Dunlop Rubber Co Method of making tennis cords
US3191005A (en) * 1962-10-01 1965-06-22 John L Cox Electric circuit arrangement
US3245624A (en) * 1964-02-25 1966-04-12 Formica Corp Filament winding apparatus
US3335042A (en) * 1962-04-04 1967-08-08 Monsanto Co Method of making straw-like article of nylon continuous filaments
US3631667A (en) * 1967-08-29 1972-01-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making reinforcement for tires
US3824779A (en) * 1968-04-16 1974-07-23 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making multifilament yarns
FR2411258A1 (fr) * 1977-12-09 1979-07-06 Brochier & Fils Nouveau materiau textile filiforme pour la realisation d'articles preimpregnes de resine et procede pour son obtention
US4168606A (en) * 1977-05-31 1979-09-25 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Process for forming string
US4183200A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-01-15 Pepsico, Inc. Tennis racket string
WO1983003998A1 (fr) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-24 Isosport Verbundbauteile Ges.M.B.H. Procede de fabrication d'un cordage pour raquette, en particulier pour raquette de tennis, et cordage fabrique par ce procede
FR2854814A1 (fr) * 2003-05-15 2004-11-19 Cousin Composites Corde synthetique pour raquette de tennis
WO2005001177A1 (de) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-06 Klaus Bloch Angelschnur
US20180216291A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2018-08-02 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2805066C2 (de) * 1977-02-10 1987-04-30 Fischer Ges.m.b.H., Ried Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bespannungssaiten aus Kunststoff für Ballschläger

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2205144A (en) * 1939-04-15 1940-06-18 Kaplan Musical String Co String for musical instruments
US2302332A (en) * 1940-04-09 1942-11-17 Du Pont Coating process
US2312879A (en) * 1940-04-22 1943-03-02 Du Pont Fiber-forming polymers and method of making them
US2392842A (en) * 1943-06-10 1946-01-15 Du Pont Method of making coiled structures
US2401291A (en) * 1943-06-11 1946-05-28 Du Pont Racket string
US2735258A (en) * 1956-02-21 Manufacture and construction of
US2824485A (en) * 1953-11-20 1958-02-25 Francis J Gregory Tennis string or like article

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735258A (en) * 1956-02-21 Manufacture and construction of
US2205144A (en) * 1939-04-15 1940-06-18 Kaplan Musical String Co String for musical instruments
US2302332A (en) * 1940-04-09 1942-11-17 Du Pont Coating process
US2312879A (en) * 1940-04-22 1943-03-02 Du Pont Fiber-forming polymers and method of making them
US2392842A (en) * 1943-06-10 1946-01-15 Du Pont Method of making coiled structures
US2401291A (en) * 1943-06-11 1946-05-28 Du Pont Racket string
US2824485A (en) * 1953-11-20 1958-02-25 Francis J Gregory Tennis string or like article

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3335042A (en) * 1962-04-04 1967-08-08 Monsanto Co Method of making straw-like article of nylon continuous filaments
US3164952A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-01-12 Dunlop Rubber Co Method of making tennis cords
US3191005A (en) * 1962-10-01 1965-06-22 John L Cox Electric circuit arrangement
US3245624A (en) * 1964-02-25 1966-04-12 Formica Corp Filament winding apparatus
US3631667A (en) * 1967-08-29 1972-01-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making reinforcement for tires
US3824779A (en) * 1968-04-16 1974-07-23 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making multifilament yarns
US4168606A (en) * 1977-05-31 1979-09-25 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Process for forming string
US4183200A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-01-15 Pepsico, Inc. Tennis racket string
FR2411258A1 (fr) * 1977-12-09 1979-07-06 Brochier & Fils Nouveau materiau textile filiforme pour la realisation d'articles preimpregnes de resine et procede pour son obtention
US4568415A (en) * 1982-05-12 1986-02-04 Isosport Verbundbauteile Gmbh Method of producing strings for ball rackets, particularly for tennis rackets, and a string produced by this method
WO1983003998A1 (fr) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-24 Isosport Verbundbauteile Ges.M.B.H. Procede de fabrication d'un cordage pour raquette, en particulier pour raquette de tennis, et cordage fabrique par ce procede
AT389642B (de) * 1982-05-12 1990-01-10 Isosport Verbundbauteile Verfahren zur herstellung einer bespannungssaite fuer ballschlaeger, insbesondere fuer tennisschlaeger
FR2854814A1 (fr) * 2003-05-15 2004-11-19 Cousin Composites Corde synthetique pour raquette de tennis
US20050160714A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2005-07-28 Yves Delvael Synthetic cord for tennis racket
ES2244337A1 (es) * 2003-05-15 2005-12-01 Cousin Composites Cuerda sintetica para raqueta de tenis.
ES2244337B1 (es) * 2003-05-15 2007-02-16 Cousin Composites Cuerda sintetica para raqueta de tenis.
WO2005001177A1 (de) * 2003-06-26 2005-01-06 Klaus Bloch Angelschnur
US20060154065A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-07-13 Klaus Bloch Fishing line
US7401459B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2008-07-22 Klaus Bloch Fishing line
US20180216291A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2018-08-02 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material
US11319665B2 (en) * 2015-07-22 2022-05-03 Tuefelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE641941A (en, 2012) 1964-04-16
GB775093A (en) 1957-05-22

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