US3018544A - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigerating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3018544A
US3018544A US655725A US65572557A US3018544A US 3018544 A US3018544 A US 3018544A US 655725 A US655725 A US 655725A US 65572557 A US65572557 A US 65572557A US 3018544 A US3018544 A US 3018544A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wires
fins
wire
heat exchanger
tubing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US655725A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jr Charles C Whistler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DENDAT1074535D priority Critical patent/DE1074535B/de
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Priority to US655725A priority patent/US3018544A/en
Priority to FR1194990D priority patent/FR1194990A/fr
Priority to FR763784A priority patent/FR73500E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3018544A publication Critical patent/US3018544A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/122—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being formed of wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/405—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element and being formed of wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49396—Condenser, evaporator or vaporizer making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refrigerating apparatus and more particularly to an improved form of refrigerant evaporator and the method of making the same.
  • window air conditioners One of the big problems in designing window air conditioners, automobile air conditioners and the like is that of keeping the size of the components at a minimum.
  • the desirability of reducing the size of the various components and in particular the evaporators and the condensers has long been recognized not only from the aesthetic point of view, but also from a practical standpoint as many windows are not large enough to accommodate a large air conditioning unit.
  • the problem of maintaining the size of the various units at a minimum is even more acute in automobile air conditioning systems wherein both the weight and size of the equipment must be maintained at a minimum.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an evaporator having wire fins both internally and externally.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an improved arrangement for handling the wires from which the fins are made both during the bending of the Wires and during the brazing operation. More particularly it is an object of this invention to utilize a plastic material for holding a plurality of wire fins in parallel spaced relationship while the wires are being corrugated and while the wires are being assembled relative to the tubing and brazed to the tubing.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved arrangement for brazing wire fins to a heat exchange-r in a manner so as to reduce the voids between the wire fins and the tube and so as to prevent the brazing material from bridging between or hanging on vertical sections of the wire fins.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of a heat exchanger constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a side elevational view of the evaporator shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale showing the wire fins in a fin forming die
  • FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale showing the manner of holding the wires in parallel spaced relationship;
  • FIGURE 5 is a view similar to FIGURE 4 but showing a modification thereof.
  • FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale taken substantially on line 6-6 of FIG- URE 1.
  • heat exchanger of the type suitable for use as an evaporator in a window air conditioning unit or the like whereas certain aspects of the invention are equally applicable to refrigerant condensers and heat exchangers of other types.
  • One of the big problems in designing a heat exchanger is that of providing an adequate amount of fin surface 2 to rapidly transfer the heat between the fluid within the tubing to the fluid flowing externally of the tubing. Another problem is that of maintaining the resistance to air flow over the fin surface at a minimum. Not withstanding the fact that it has long been recognized that wire fins are eflicient both from the standpoint of heat transfer and also from the standpoint of offering a minimum amount of restriction to the flow of fluid thereover, wire fins have not been used extensively due largely to the problem of attaching the fins to the conduits of the heat exchanger.
  • reference numeral 10 generally designates a heat exchanger having a pair of headers 12 and 14 between which a series of fluid conduits 16 are arranged as shown.
  • the conduits 16 are arranged to lie horizontally between the headers 12 and 14.
  • the refrigerant enters the header 14 through the line 18 and is adapted to leave through the line 20.
  • a first set of external parallel wire fins 22 is provided as shown in FIGURE 1 between adjacent sections of the fluid conduits 16. These fins help to transfer the heat between the fluid flowing over the outside surfaces of the conduit 16 and the fluid flowing within the conduit 16.
  • a second set of internal wire fins 24 is provided within the conduit 16. The fins 24 not only increase the turbulence of the fluid flowing through the conduit 16, but also serve to facilitate the heat transfer as well as serving to hold the tube 16 from becoming distorted when pressure is applied to the walls of the tubing.
  • the wires 22 which are used in manufacturing the wire fins are held in a predetermined spaced parallel relationship by means of membranes or strips of plastic material 26 and 28.
  • the membranes 26 and 28 are preferably sheets of polyethylene.
  • a first polyethylene sheet 26 has placed thereon a plurality of parallel fins 22 and thereafter a second polyethylene sheet 28 is placed thereover and by the application of heat or by the use of suitable bonding agents, the sheets 26 and 28 are bonded to one another at the points 30 and, if desired, to the wires themselves.
  • the resulting assembly is then placed between a pair of forming dies 32 and 34 which serve to corrugate the wires with the base portion 38 of the corrugations being flattened so as to increase the available surface contact between the base portions of the fins and the walls of the fluid conduits 16-.
  • the process used in forming the external fins is much the same as the process used in forming the internal fins except that the internal fins are shorter than the external fins.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the dies used in forming the internal fins.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a slightly modified arrangement for holding the fins in spaced parallel relationship. It is now well known that it is possible to pass parallel wires through an extruding die which serves to extrude plastic coating on the wires and to provide a connecting web of plastic between adjacent wires. Such processes are now commonly used in extruding insulated wires for electrical purposes and need no further description as no novelty is predicated on the extrusion process per se.
  • FIGURE 5 of the drawings shows wires 22 which have a polyethylene material 40 which not only coats the wires but also includes web portions 42 which hold the wires in spaced relationship. The assembly shown in FIG- URE 5 would be processed the same as that described in connection with forming corrugations in wires that are held together as shown in FIGURE 4 of the darwings.
  • the polyethylene material is particularly suitable for this purpose in that it burns almost 100% during immersion of the heat exchanger assembly in a 1000 F. ambient without leaving an objectional residue.
  • a first set of corrugated fins are inserted within the tube section 16 and a second set of corrugated fins are arranged between the adjacent tube sections 16 as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the tube sections 16 are then arranged to extend through suitable apertures in the header sections 12 and 14 in accordance with usual practice and then the entire assembly is heated to a temperature of 1130 F.
  • the tubing 16 is of the type provided with a clading or a brazing alloy material both on its outer surface and on its inner surface whereby upon heating of the asembly to the above mentioned temperature the clading material serves to melt and braze the base portions of the fins to the walls of the tubing.
  • brazing material is concentrated at the point where it is needed and no excess brazing material is left for coating the projecting wire fins or for blocking the space between the fins.
  • the brazing material could be in the form of a coating on the wires or it could be separate from either the wires or the tubing.
  • it could be in the form of a thin ribbon, a wire, or powder placed adjacent the points of contact between the wire fins and the tubing.
  • the corrugations may be formed in the wires in any suitable manner such as by passing the wires between teeth on forming gears having teeth designed to corrugate the wires and simultaneously flatten the base portions of the corrugations. The flattened portions of the wires in-.
  • the polyethylene material used for initially holding the wires in place during processing and assembly may be removed by chemically dissolving the polyethylene coating before the brazing operation whereby no residue of any kind will remain within the heat exchanger. Some or all of the polyethylene material on the external wire fins could also be removed by the use of a solventif desired.
  • Any suitable plastic such as polyvinyl chloride or'polyvinyl acetate could be used in place of the polyethylene for holding the wires in place during processing.
  • Any suitable solvent such as methanol, benzene, ortoluol couldbe used for dissolvingthe plastic used for holding the wires in place during the initial assembly of the heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger which comprises holding a set of parallel wires in spaced parallel relationship by means of non-metallic heat decomposable material, forming corrugations in said set of wires and simultaneously flattening the base portions of said corrugations, placing said set of wires adjacent the outside wall of a conduit with base portions of said corrugations in contact with the external surface of said conduit in the presence of a fusible brazing material, and thereafter applying heat to said asembly so as to decompose said wire holding material and fuse said wires to the walls of said conduit.
  • a heat exchanger which comprises extruding a web of decomposable material about a set of parallel wires so as to hold said wires in spaced parallel relationship, forming corrugations in said set of wires and simultaneously flattening the base portions of said corrugations, placing said set of wires adjacent a wall of a conduit with the base portions of said corrugations in contact with the surface of said conduit and in the presence of a fusible brazing material, and thereafter applying heat to said assembly so as to decompose said wire holding material and fuse said wires to the wall of-said conduit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US655725A 1957-04-29 1957-04-29 Refrigerating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3018544A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT1074535D DE1074535B (fr) 1957-04-29
US655725A US3018544A (en) 1957-04-29 1957-04-29 Refrigerating apparatus
FR1194990D FR1194990A (fr) 1957-04-29 1958-04-22 Procédé de fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur et produit obtenu au cours de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
FR763784A FR73500E (fr) 1957-04-29 1958-04-22 Procédé de fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur et produit obtenu au cours de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US655725A US3018544A (en) 1957-04-29 1957-04-29 Refrigerating apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3018544A true US3018544A (en) 1962-01-30

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ID=24630108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US655725A Expired - Lifetime US3018544A (en) 1957-04-29 1957-04-29 Refrigerating apparatus

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3018544A (fr)
DE (1) DE1074535B (fr)
FR (2) FR73500E (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269459A (en) * 1963-03-12 1966-08-30 Popovitch Dragolyoub Extensive surface heat exchanger
US3991457A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-11-16 Ford Motor Company Heater tube arrangements
US5287917A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-02-22 Antonio Cannata Heat exchanger

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1780732A (en) * 1926-07-27 1930-11-04 Frank W Young Method of and apparatus for applying cake reenforcements
US1881610A (en) * 1930-07-11 1932-10-11 Mccord Radiator & Mfg Co Tubing
US2328302A (en) * 1940-08-30 1943-08-31 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making parallel fiber filters
US2500501A (en) * 1946-09-12 1950-03-14 Kellogg M W Co Method of making heat exchangers
US2505619A (en) * 1948-08-10 1950-04-25 Air Preheater Method of creating pin fin surfaces for heat exchangers
US2537797A (en) * 1946-08-08 1951-01-09 Modine Mfg Co Finned tube
US2573161A (en) * 1947-12-12 1951-10-30 Trane Co Heat exchanger
US2585443A (en) * 1949-03-15 1952-02-12 Duncan B Cox Electric heating unit
US2595457A (en) * 1947-06-03 1952-05-06 Air Preheater Pin fin heat exchanger
US2596285A (en) * 1949-09-15 1952-05-13 Petcar Res Corp Method of forming beaded structure
US2678808A (en) * 1949-11-23 1954-05-18 Jr John R Gier Sinuous wire structural and heat exchange element and assembly
US2807074A (en) * 1955-09-27 1957-09-24 Griscom Russell Co Manufacture of brazed finned tubing and the like
US2869222A (en) * 1955-09-12 1959-01-20 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2916055A (en) * 1955-05-09 1959-12-08 Moore & Co Samuel Extruded tubing sheath

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1994436A (en) * 1932-06-02 1935-03-12 Fedders Mfg Co Inc Means for producing soldered joints
BE511517A (fr) * 1951-05-21
US2684425A (en) * 1953-03-18 1954-07-20 Air Preheater Induction brazing jig
GB1190373A (en) * 1966-04-25 1970-05-06 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Improvements in or relating to the Transporting of Glass Sheets

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1780732A (en) * 1926-07-27 1930-11-04 Frank W Young Method of and apparatus for applying cake reenforcements
US1881610A (en) * 1930-07-11 1932-10-11 Mccord Radiator & Mfg Co Tubing
US2328302A (en) * 1940-08-30 1943-08-31 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making parallel fiber filters
US2537797A (en) * 1946-08-08 1951-01-09 Modine Mfg Co Finned tube
US2500501A (en) * 1946-09-12 1950-03-14 Kellogg M W Co Method of making heat exchangers
US2595457A (en) * 1947-06-03 1952-05-06 Air Preheater Pin fin heat exchanger
US2573161A (en) * 1947-12-12 1951-10-30 Trane Co Heat exchanger
US2505619A (en) * 1948-08-10 1950-04-25 Air Preheater Method of creating pin fin surfaces for heat exchangers
US2585443A (en) * 1949-03-15 1952-02-12 Duncan B Cox Electric heating unit
US2596285A (en) * 1949-09-15 1952-05-13 Petcar Res Corp Method of forming beaded structure
US2678808A (en) * 1949-11-23 1954-05-18 Jr John R Gier Sinuous wire structural and heat exchange element and assembly
US2916055A (en) * 1955-05-09 1959-12-08 Moore & Co Samuel Extruded tubing sheath
US2869222A (en) * 1955-09-12 1959-01-20 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2807074A (en) * 1955-09-27 1957-09-24 Griscom Russell Co Manufacture of brazed finned tubing and the like

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269459A (en) * 1963-03-12 1966-08-30 Popovitch Dragolyoub Extensive surface heat exchanger
US3991457A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-11-16 Ford Motor Company Heater tube arrangements
US5287917A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-02-22 Antonio Cannata Heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR73500E (fr) 1960-07-04
DE1074535B (fr) 1960-02-04
FR1194990A (fr) 1959-11-13

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