US3018314A - Filling mechanism for deferred-action batteries - Google Patents

Filling mechanism for deferred-action batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
US3018314A
US3018314A US416468A US41646854A US3018314A US 3018314 A US3018314 A US 3018314A US 416468 A US416468 A US 416468A US 41646854 A US41646854 A US 41646854A US 3018314 A US3018314 A US 3018314A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
chamber
electrolyte
casings
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US416468A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cooper Emanuel
Charles M Gold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yardney International Corp
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Yardney International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE536532D priority Critical patent/BE536532A/xx
Application filed by Yardney International Corp filed Critical Yardney International Corp
Priority to US416468A priority patent/US3018314A/en
Priority to FR1126430D priority patent/FR1126430A/fr
Priority to GB7687/55A priority patent/GB777085A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3018314A publication Critical patent/US3018314A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
    • H01M6/38—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells by mechanical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/673—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor

Definitions

  • Our present invention relatesto a mechanism for introducing a liquid electrolyte into a dry-charged or deferred-action electric battery or, preferably, into an array of such batteries serving as an instantaneously activable power source.
  • An object of our invention is to provide a iilling mechanism of compact construction Whose overall dimensions do not materially exceedv those of a storage chamber required to hold the volume of liquid prior to activation of the associated battery or batteries.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a filling mechanism which will be operative regardless of the relative position of the storage chamber and the batteries (or other receptacles) t'o be iilled therefrom.
  • a further objection of our invention is to provide a filling mechanism of the above character by vmeans of which predetermined amounts will be introduced with a small margin of tolerance into a large number of battery casings or other receptacles.
  • Y y l Still another object of our invention is to provide irnproved means for venting battery casings or other receptacles at the time the liquid is introduced into same.
  • Yet a further object of our invention is to provide a novel and improved liquid-tight seal for the storage chamber which can be rapidly and irreversibly disabled at the time when the liquid is to be expelled from the chamber.
  • a feature of our invention resides in the provision of means for substantially simultaneouslyv inactivating a seal at the outlet of astorage chamber and activating a piston for expelling a liquid inside the chamber through said outlet.
  • the seal is of a pressure-sensitive typeresponding to' acti- ,vation ofthe piston to open the path for the expulsion of the liquid.
  • lthe seal comprises a closure member with inherent toggle action whichwill normally occupy aiirst'or blocking position and which, inrrespolnsel to a certainniinimum pressure from within the chamber, willinstantaneously snap'into ⁇ la second or unblocking" position.
  • Theipistonemployed in airnechanism'accordingL to' the' invention isY preferably of a type" comprising aninilatabl'e" bladder which is initially collapsed and' int'which acorn'- pressed' gas is admitted when theV liquid Vis to be expelled from the chamber.
  • a piston' requires a minimum of additional space' and'insures substantially complete emptying of the chamber in a short timeand without the development of frictional resistance.
  • FIG. lisv a side elevation, partlyriiisection, of'a trilling' mechanisml accordingto the invention'aiid'an array ofy associated batteries;
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a liquid seal forming part of the mechanism of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged detail vieW of part of the mechanismof FIG. l; Y
  • FIG. 5 is an end view, partly in section, of a modified type of battery usable in combination with said filling mechanism.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional View of a battery casing similar vto those of FIGS. 1 and 2 but provided with special venting means.
  • the batteries 10, FIGS. 1 and 2 are each shown schematicaily to comprise a casing 11 and an electrode assembly including negative plates 12 (containing metallic zinc, for example) and positive plates 13 (containing silver peroxide, for example) alternating with permeable inter-electrode spacers 14, e.g. of paper.
  • a common cover plate 15, suitably recessed at its underside to receive the upper edges of casinglL is provided with a vent hole 16, a negative terminal 17,;a positive terminal 18 and a pair of inlet openings 19, 20 for each battery.
  • The. terminals 17 and 18 are connected by leads (not shown) to the plates 1 2 and 13, respectively, of the corresponding electrode assembly.
  • a manifold plate 21 formed with a u -shaped distributing channel 22.
  • vChannel 22 has two arms communicating With the holes 19 and 2t), respectively, in cover plate 15,.
  • They plateV 21 supports a substantially cylindrical receptacle 23 deiining a storage chamber 24 for a liquid electrolyte, such as a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, this chamber containing a collapsed bladder 25, of polyethylene or equival-ent elastic material, opening at 25 into an antecharnber 27, Receptacle 23 is recessed at 28, opposite antechamber 27, to form an outlet duct-communicating with channel 22 by way of aligned bores 29, 30.
  • a liquid electrolyte such as a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide
  • the recess 23 may be formed (as best seen in FIG. 3) by a socket member 31 inserted into a corresponding opening of an end Wall of receptacle 23 and fastened in place by a screw 32 (FIG. .1).
  • This insert bears upon a-resilient Washer 60 and serves to clamp a sealing disk 33, having a central bulge inwardly curved toward chamber 24, between itself and a shoulder 23a on the receptacle wall.
  • the insert 31 also carries a knife point 34 aligned with the center of disk 33 and is provided with an outlet bore 35 registering With bore's ⁇ 29', 30.
  • .Disk 33 may be a plastic diaphragm, eg. of4 polystyrene.
  • a screen 36, hown in FIG. l, is cemented or otherwise scure'd'to the inner wall of chamber 24 infront ofrecess 2S to protect the bladder 25 from ythe point 34' when the bladder is expanded and thedisk 33 ruptu'redl in the manner presently to be described.
  • a cartridgeY 37 Vcontaining acompressedgas (elg. carbon'.dixide) is provided with V,a nozzle 38 entering the anteclianiber27.
  • the nozzle 38 as best seen inFIG. 4, is formed ⁇ vwith a ⁇ reduced, closed extension 39 partly traversed' by .a continuation of the nozzle bore 40 and providediwith a'nick or incision 39g.. It will thus be appar'emnt'lthatr'emoval of thisextension, by means lto beide-v sfc'ribelwill open thel nozzle 38 so as to let the contents of ⁇ car ⁇ tridgef37fescape into the antechamber 27. f
  • each casing will be filled to roughly the same level. It has been found, however, that a-certain back pressure will develop at the end of the distribution channel remote from its inlet 30, as a result of which the casings 11 closer to this inlet will receive less liquid than those located at a greater distance from it.
  • valve members 48 in the form of resilient tongues may be used at each horrinsky l for Vthe purpose of preventing residual liquid within the manifold 22 and chamber outlet 28 from entering some of the battery casings 11 after the bladder 25 has been fully expanded and actual lling has ceased.
  • valve members 48 preferably consist of or are coated with insulating material so as effectively to disrupt any electrolytic connection betwene different batteries 10.
  • FIG. 5 shows a modified battery casing 111 formed with an outlet 116 at a location opposite inlet orifice 119.
  • the casing is initially filled with an inactive fluid 151 preferably of low wetting power, e.g. a silicone oil, having a specific gravity similar to that of the electrolyte in chamber 25.
  • a check valve at outlet 116 comprising a ball 152 and a spring 153, normally prevents the outflow of the fluid 151 and, by impeding the entrance of air at that point, also inhibits the escape of the fluid through orifice 119 when the casing is tilted or inverted.
  • a porous membrane 156 e.g. of paper, may normally overlie the inlet 119.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates special means for controlling the venting of a battery casing in different angular positions.
  • the casing 211 containing an electrode plate 212 (which is representative of an assembly as shown at 12, 13, 14 in FIG. 1) is provided at each corner with a short tube 216a, 2161) (only two visible).
  • Each of these tubes, leading from the interior of the casing into the atmosphere, is inwardly provided with a shoulder, such as 257, against which a ball 25211, 252b is urged by a spring 253a, 153b, respectively.
  • the inclinations of all the tubes 216g, 216b, etc. toward the vertical and toward the horizontal, in the normal position of the casing, is about 45.
  • the pressure of springs 253a, 253b is insufficient to force the ball 252a or 252b, respectively, against the corresponding shoulder 257 as long as the position of the tube vdeparts from the vertical by an angle not much greater than 45.
  • Each tube is suitably apertured so that air may pass through it as long as the ball valve clears the shoulder 257, which will be the case only when the tube is at or near the top of the casing, as shown for tube 216a in FIG. 6. If the casing 211 is tilted counterclockwise, the component of the weight of ball 252:1 counteracting the force of spring 253er will be reduced and the valve will be closed in the manner shown for tube 216b. This tendency to close will, moreover, be enhanced when the liquid level Within the casing reaches the valve and floats the ball.
  • venting will also be simplified if it is possible to bring centrifugal forces into play to supersede the gravitational forces, as by rapidly rotating the system of FIG. l about the axis of cylinder 23 during the filling operation. In such event it will also be possible to cluster two or more rows of batteries 10 in different angular positions around the cylinder 23, all with their vents 16 and orifices 19, 20 facing inwardly toward the cylinder axis. Again, it may be desirable in some cases to dispense with all vent holes and to maintain the battery casings and the manifold in an initial state of partial or total evacuation, in which event a connection to the atmosphere may replace the cartridge 37.
  • cylinder 23 and bladder 25 may be used to fill a set of battery casings 11 in the manner herein disclosed.
  • the two branches of distribution channel 22 may be separated from each other and connected each to the outlet of arespective chamber 24, the connections to the two channels being preferably made at opposite ends of the battery assembly for reasons previously pointed out.
  • toggle principle embodied in the device 33, 34 may be utilized in safety valve for relieving excess pressures of a gas or a liquid not necessarilly intended to be directed into a battery casing or other type of container.
  • a mechanism for introducing a liquid into a container comprising a chamber filled with said liquid, said chamber having an outlet leading to said container, seal means in said outlet normally preventing the escape of said liquid from said chamber, said seal means comprising a diaphragm member having a preshaped central bulge of reversible curvature, said bulge curving inwardly toward said chamber and being adapted to snap into an outwardly curved shape in response to greater-than-normal pressure from said liquid, fixed diaphragm-piercing means in said outlet so positioned adjacent said member as to rupture same upon inversion of its bulge, and means for exerting sufficient pressure upon said liquid to invert the bulge of said member.
  • a mechanism for developing a sudden increase in pressure within a chamber comprising a source of fluid under pressure higher than that of said chamber, said source being provided with a tubulation terminating within said chamber and having a closed end, a spring-loaded weight member poised adjacent said tubulation, fusible link means normally retaining said weight member in an inoperative position, electric circuit means for fusing said link means, thereby releasing said weight member, and guide means directing the so released weight member against said tubulation, thereby breaking off said closed end thereof and admitting said fluid into said chamber.
  • a mechanism for introducing a liquid into a container comprising a chamber filled with said liquid, an antechamber free from said liquid adjacent said chamber, an inflatable bladder within said liquid having an inlet opening into said antechamber, a source of fluid under pressure higher than that of said chamber, said source being provided with a tubulation terminating within said antechamber and having a closed end, a spring-loaded weight member poised adjacent said tubulation, fusible link means normally retaining said weight member in an inoperative position, a connection between said chamber and said container, electric circuit means for fusing said link means, thereby releasing said weight member, and guide means directing the so released weight member against said tubulation for breaking off said closed end thereof, thereby admitting said fluid into said bladder and forcing at least part of said liquid through said connection into said container.
  • a mechanism for introducing a liquid into a container comprising a chamber filled with said liquid, an antechamber free from said liquid adjacent said chamber, an inflatable bladder within said liquid having an inlet opening into said antechamber, a source of fluid under pressure higher than that of said chamber, said source being provided with a tubulation terminating within said antechamber and having a closed end, a spring-loaded Weight member poised adjacent said tubulation, fusible link means normally retaining said weight member in an inoperative position, a connection between said charnber and said container, seal means in said connection normally blocking the escape of said liquid from said chamber, said seal means being transformable to a nonblocking condition by greater-than-normal pressure from said liquid, electric circuit means for fusing said link means, thereby releasing said weight member, and guide means directing the so released Weight member against said tubulation for breaking of said closed end thereof, thereby admitting said uid into said bladder and exerting pressure up'n said liquid scit to render said seal means non-blocking.
  • a plurality of battery casings each having a filling aperture near its top, a chamber filled with liquid electrolyte,- a manifold plate overlying said casings ⁇ and formed with a distributing channel communicating with said apertures, a connection between said chamber and saidchannel, rupturable blocking means in said connection, and means for rupturing said blocking means and driving said electrolyte from said chamber into said casings, saidV manifold plate supporting said chamber.
  • a plurality of battery casings a manifold plate overlying all of said casings and provided with at least one channel, said plate having apertures connecting said channel with each of said casings, a receptacle supporting said plate and communicating with said channel, a liquid electrolyte in said receptacle, frangible seal means at the entrance to said channel, and means for discharging said electrolyte from said receptacle and through said channel into all orf said casings.
  • each of said apertures is provided with valve means preventing the establishment of electrolyte bridges between said casings.
  • a mechanism for introducing a liquid into a plurality of containers comprising a reservoir chamber filled with said liquid, said chamber having an outlet and manifold means leading from said outlet to said plurality of containers, seal means in said outlet normally preventing the escape of said liquid from said chamber, said seal means comprising a diaphragm member having a central bulge curving inwardly toward said chamber and adapted to assume an outwardly curved shape in response to greater-than-normal pressure from said liquid, fixed diaphragm-piercing means in said outlet so positioned adjacent said member as to rupture same upon inversion of its bulge, and means for exerting sufhcient pressure upon said liquid to invert the bulge of said member.
  • said manifold means comprises a plate overlying said plurality of containers and provided with a substantially U-shaped channel having two branches, said plate having apertures connecting each of said branches with each of said containers.
  • a plurality of battery casings arranged in a row, a manifold plate overlying all of said casings and provided with a substantially U-shaped channel having two branches, said plate having apertures connecting each of said branches with each of said casings, a reservoir filled with a liquid electrolyte and supported on said plate, means forming a passage between said reservoir and said channel, and means for injecting said electrolyte from said reservoir into said channel by Way of said passage.
  • a deferred-action battery having a plurality of cells initially free of electrolyte and each having a filling aperture, a manifold in direct communication with each of said filling apertures, a chamber containing the liquid electrolyte for said cells, a flow connection between said chambers and said manifold, rupturable means normally closing said flow connection and preventing flow of said electrolyte to said cells, means for rupturing said rupturable means for transfer of said electrolyte from said chamber through said flow connection and said manifold into said cells, and means adapted to transmit differential pressure to said electrolyte to drive said electrolyte from said chamber into said cells.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
US416468A 1954-03-16 1954-03-16 Filling mechanism for deferred-action batteries Expired - Lifetime US3018314A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE536532D BE536532A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1954-03-16
US416468A US3018314A (en) 1954-03-16 1954-03-16 Filling mechanism for deferred-action batteries
FR1126430D FR1126430A (fr) 1954-03-16 1955-03-14 Mécanisme pour introduire de l'électrolyte liquide dans une batterie électrique chargée sèche ou à action retardée
GB7687/55A GB777085A (en) 1954-03-16 1955-03-16 Improvements in or relating to arrangements for introducing a liquid into a container

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US416468A US3018314A (en) 1954-03-16 1954-03-16 Filling mechanism for deferred-action batteries

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US3018314A true US3018314A (en) 1962-01-23

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US416468A Expired - Lifetime US3018314A (en) 1954-03-16 1954-03-16 Filling mechanism for deferred-action batteries

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US (1) US3018314A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE536532A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1126430A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB777085A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912541A (en) * 1974-06-27 1975-10-14 Nasa Rapid activation and checkout device for batteries
US4695520A (en) * 1986-09-25 1987-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrochemical reserve battery
WO2012167812A1 (de) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-13 Daimler Ag Energiespeichereinheit und/oder-wandlereinheit

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE553734A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1955-12-27
GB809634A (en) * 1956-03-19 1959-02-25 Rudolf Erich Bauer Layer built electric dry battery
US3017449A (en) * 1957-03-06 1962-01-16 Donald B Alexander Quick activating battery
US3022364A (en) * 1957-11-15 1962-02-20 Eagle Picher Co Electric battery
US2963533A (en) * 1958-04-16 1960-12-06 Yardney International Corp Shock-neutralizing means for liquid-transfer devices
NL253726A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1959-07-13
US3079047A (en) * 1960-01-26 1963-02-26 Yardney International Corp Activator for reserve-type electrochemical batteries
US4529020A (en) * 1980-01-29 1985-07-16 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for pressure filling an electrochemical cell

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US809647A (en) * 1904-01-14 1906-01-09 Kumajiro Tsukamoto Electric cell.
US827917A (en) * 1904-02-20 1906-08-07 Isidor Kitsee Electric cell.
US1106719A (en) * 1912-08-06 1914-08-11 Simon Lake Battery.
US1310586A (en) * 1919-07-22 Pl-anoorapii co
US1383411A (en) * 1920-12-10 1921-07-05 Longstreet James Russell Battery-water-replenishing device
US1403539A (en) * 1918-02-25 1922-01-17 Us Light & Heat Corp Relief mechanism for storage batteries
US1471091A (en) * 1922-03-27 1923-10-16 Alfred N Bessesen Fluid-pressure device
US1854458A (en) * 1931-04-06 1932-04-19 Quincy Augusta M De Powder spray
US1979390A (en) * 1932-03-11 1934-11-06 Jacobs Edward Receptacle for carbonating and dispensing liquids
US2028651A (en) * 1933-06-24 1936-01-21 Dagnall Reginald Foster Release mechanism for pressure fluid containers
US2065783A (en) * 1935-05-03 1936-12-29 Electric Storage Battery Co Nonspill vent plug
US2067065A (en) * 1934-07-14 1937-01-05 Kidde & Co Walter Dispensing device
US2141079A (en) * 1937-04-01 1938-12-20 Charles M Bolich Storage battery filling device
US2252026A (en) * 1935-07-27 1941-08-12 Oettinger Emil Automatic battery liquid filler
US2387598A (en) * 1942-03-17 1945-10-23 Mercier Jean Oleopneumatic storage device
US2440462A (en) * 1945-06-28 1948-04-27 Standard Oil Dev Co Pressure relief device
US2505456A (en) * 1946-03-04 1950-04-25 Bristol Company Protective apparatus for differential fluid meters
US2529511A (en) * 1947-08-14 1950-11-14 Moyes J Murphy Deferred action battery
US2594879A (en) * 1948-10-09 1952-04-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Deferred-action battery
US2674946A (en) * 1950-06-14 1954-04-13 Bofors Ab Control device for an electric circuit

Patent Citations (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1310586A (en) * 1919-07-22 Pl-anoorapii co
US809647A (en) * 1904-01-14 1906-01-09 Kumajiro Tsukamoto Electric cell.
US827917A (en) * 1904-02-20 1906-08-07 Isidor Kitsee Electric cell.
US1106719A (en) * 1912-08-06 1914-08-11 Simon Lake Battery.
US1403539A (en) * 1918-02-25 1922-01-17 Us Light & Heat Corp Relief mechanism for storage batteries
US1383411A (en) * 1920-12-10 1921-07-05 Longstreet James Russell Battery-water-replenishing device
US1471091A (en) * 1922-03-27 1923-10-16 Alfred N Bessesen Fluid-pressure device
US1854458A (en) * 1931-04-06 1932-04-19 Quincy Augusta M De Powder spray
US1979390A (en) * 1932-03-11 1934-11-06 Jacobs Edward Receptacle for carbonating and dispensing liquids
US2028651A (en) * 1933-06-24 1936-01-21 Dagnall Reginald Foster Release mechanism for pressure fluid containers
US2067065A (en) * 1934-07-14 1937-01-05 Kidde & Co Walter Dispensing device
US2065783A (en) * 1935-05-03 1936-12-29 Electric Storage Battery Co Nonspill vent plug
US2252026A (en) * 1935-07-27 1941-08-12 Oettinger Emil Automatic battery liquid filler
US2141079A (en) * 1937-04-01 1938-12-20 Charles M Bolich Storage battery filling device
US2387598A (en) * 1942-03-17 1945-10-23 Mercier Jean Oleopneumatic storage device
US2440462A (en) * 1945-06-28 1948-04-27 Standard Oil Dev Co Pressure relief device
US2505456A (en) * 1946-03-04 1950-04-25 Bristol Company Protective apparatus for differential fluid meters
US2529511A (en) * 1947-08-14 1950-11-14 Moyes J Murphy Deferred action battery
US2594879A (en) * 1948-10-09 1952-04-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Deferred-action battery
US2674946A (en) * 1950-06-14 1954-04-13 Bofors Ab Control device for an electric circuit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912541A (en) * 1974-06-27 1975-10-14 Nasa Rapid activation and checkout device for batteries
US4695520A (en) * 1986-09-25 1987-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrochemical reserve battery
WO2012167812A1 (de) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-13 Daimler Ag Energiespeichereinheit und/oder-wandlereinheit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE536532A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB777085A (en) 1957-06-19
FR1126430A (fr) 1956-11-22

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