Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
  • D06F43/007—Dry cleaning methods
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
  • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
  • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel organic liquid compositions, and particularly to volatile organic liquids of increased electrical conductivity.
• Volatile organic liquids have long been essential commodities in our present industrial economy. Indeed, most of the many familiar industrial achievements of today would have been impossible without them. Volatile organic solvents are extensively used in chemical processes, such as in extraction and crystallization; in the manufacture of paints and other coatings, plastics, inks, linoleum, insecticides, adhesives, paper, dyes, pharmaceuticals and many other natural and synthetic chemical products; and in cleaning operations of all kinds, such as dry cleaning of fabrics, degreasing of metals and cleaning of machinery and tools. There is virtually no part of present day industry in which it is not desirable to use these solvents for one purpose or another. Additionally, volatile organic liquid fuels, for example, gasoline, are so extensively used that they now supply a very large proportion of the total energy consumption of the world.
• This type of liquid level measuring device is advantageous also in open vessels or in closed vessels not under pressure because it eliminates the float, which is mechanically vulnerable and is often in the Way, especially during batch operations such as fabric cleaning and the like.
• increasing the conductivity of carbon tetrachloride, for example would not be useful from the standpoint of reducing the likelihood of its catching fire from spark discharge of static electricity, it would be highly useful and advantageous by making possible the use of an electrode type of liquid level measuring device.
• a further object of the invention is to provide an economical method for minimizing the propensities of such liquids for the accumulation of static electrical charges.
• Another object of the invention is to provide volatile organic liquid compositions of increased electrical conductivity.
• Still another object of the invention is to provide volatile liquid organic compositions the electrical conductivity of which has been effectively increased by the addition of less than the usual quantities of conductivity additives.
• the conductivity of volatile organic liquids is increased by dissolving therein two additives, the first of which (hereinafter referred to as Additive A) is a polyvalent metal organic salt having a molecular weight of at least 200, and the second of which (hereinafter referred to as Additive B) is an oxygenated (i.e., oxygen-containing) organic compound having a molecular weight of at least 200, and the product of the molecular weight of which times the specific conductivity (in the units, ohm-' cm.- of which in benzene, at a concentration of one gram per liter, is at least l 10- and which furthermore contains no ion common to Additive A, namely, the organic polyvalent metal salt.
• Additive A is a polyvalent metal organic salt having a molecular weight of at least 200
• Additive B an oxygenated organic compound having a molecular weight of at least 200
• a solution of 1.4 1i)- gram mole of chromium diisopropyl salicylate per liter in benzene has a specific conductivity (0,,) of 1l 10- ohmcm.- and a solution of 23x10" gram mole of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (i.e., the sodium salt of the sulfonated dioctyl ester of succinic acid) per liter in benzene has a specific conductivity (1 of 12 l0- ohm" cmr
• the sum of the conductivities affected by the two aforesaid additives separately in the concentrations stated (GA-H13) thus amounts to 23X l()" ohm cm.-
• 1.4x gram mole of chromium diisopropyl salicylate (as Additive A) and 2.3 l0- gram mole of sodium dioctyl sulfo succinate (a
• the organic liquid into which the combination of substances for increasing electrical conductivity is incorporated is one which has a dielectric constant at 20, C. of less than 9, and preferably less than 7, and substantially all of which (i.e., at least 90 mol percent) consists of a compound or mixture of compounds having no more than 12 carbon atoms per molecule and preferably no more than 10 carbon atoms per molecule.
• the preferred class of such volatile organic liquids consists of hydrocarbons; however, also suitable are halogenated hydrocarbons, preferably containing up to 4 halogen atoms, preferably bromine and/ or chlorine, per molecule, nitrated hydrocarbons, preferably those containing no more than one nitrogen atom per molecule, and hydrocarbyl ethers Preferably containing no more than 2 atoms of oxygen per molecule, and especially such volatile organic liquids which are inflammable.
• the invention is of particular importance for the very volatile and inflammable hydrocarbon liquids, such .4 as those having flash points (ASTM Test Method D-56) below about F., since with these liquids the danger of ignition or explosion occurring as a result of electrical charges is particularly great.
• organic liquids suitable for the purpose of this invention are aliphatic hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, such as hexane, heptane, etc.; aromatic hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof such as benzene, toluene, the xylenes; cyclo-aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example decalin and cyclohexane; mixtures of the various types (aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic) of hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons, for instance chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and ethers, for example diethyl ether and dioxane.
• aliphatic hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof such as hexane, heptane, etc.
• aromatic hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof such as benzene, toluene, the xylenes
• cyclo-aliphatic hydrocarbons for example decalin and
• Liquid mixtures of which one of the components as such possesses a dielectric constant of 9 or more are also suitable, provided the dielectric constant of the whole mixture is less than 9.
• An example of such a mixture is a mixture of benzene with a minor proportion of nitrobenzene.
• the invention is applicable and beneficial particularly in the case of all of the volatile liquid petroleum products substantially all of which consist of hydrocarbons having no more than 12 carbon atoms per molecule, for example, gasoline, VM and P naphtha, cleaners naphtha, lighter fluid, mineral spirits, rubber solvent, lacquer diluent, and special low boiling range solvents of all kinds such as direct cuts of xylenes and non-aromatics boiling in or near the xylene range, or similar toluene or benzene cuts, or iso-pentane cuts.
• hydrocarbons having no more than 12 carbon atoms per molecule for example, gasoline, VM and P naphtha, cleaners naphtha, lighter fluid, mineral spirits, rubber solvent, lacquer diluent, and special low boiling range solvents of all kinds such as direct cuts of xylenes and non-aromatics boiling in or near the xylene range, or similar toluene or benzene cuts, or iso-p
• Additive A the polyvalent metal salt
• organic acid refers to any organic compound containing one or more ionizable hydrogen atoms, the ionization constant of one of which is at least about 10- and preferably at least about 10
• the term includes phenols, naphthols, sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids and the thio analogs thereof.
• Substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cyclo-aliphatic and aromatic mono or polycarboxylic acids are suitable.
• monovalent or polyvalent, substituted or unsubstituted phenols, naphthols and sulfonic acids are suitable.
• the preferred class of compounds suitable as Additive A consists of the salts of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic and sulfonic acids.
• a salt of one of the above-defined organic acids and any polyvalent metal is suitable as long as the molecular weight of the salt is at least 200 and preferably not more than about 1500.
• the polyvalent metal have a valence of either 2 or 3 in the salt.
• Polyvalent metals having atomic num' bers of from 12 through 29 are particularly effective.
• suitable polyvalent metals are the alkaline earth metals (calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium), copper, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, lead, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel. Of these the alkaline earth metals are especially preferred, but those metals having a valence of from 2 through 3 as well as an atomic number of from 12 through 29 are exceptionally effective.
• Additive A are the salts of the higher fatty acids, for instance calcium oleate and magnesium oleate; the salts of substituted higher fatty acids, for example calcium phenyl stearate; the salts of alkyl-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids, for example of alkylated salicylic acids, such as diisopropyl salicylic acid or salicylic acids substituted with longer alkyl groups, for example alkyl groups with 14 to 18 carbon atoms; the salts of the sulfonated dialkyl esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, for example, the sulfonated dioctyl ester of succinic acid; the salts of petroleum sulfonic acids,
• substituted phenol-formaldehyde condon Sation products such as the calcium salt of an octyl' phenol formaldehyde condensation product.
• Additive A is added to the organic liquid in quantities which may vary within relatively wide limits. In general a satisfactory increase of the electrical conductivity of the organic liquid is obtained if the particular Additive A is dissolved in the organic liquid (in combination with Additive B) in a concentration of less than 0.001 gram mole per liter. In most cases concentrations of in general only small quantities of Additive B too, need be dissolved therein to obtain the desired increase in the specific conductivity. In most cases concentrations of Additive B of from about 1x10 to about 1 1O- gram the polyvalent metal salt lying between 1x10 and mole per liter are suificient. If desired, however, larger 1X10- gram mole per liter will be sumcient.
• Additive B can be used, for example 0.001 considerably larger concentrations, for instance of 0.01 or even 0.01 gram mole per liter, and for many purposesgram mole per liter, may also be used, if the salt is sufconcentrations as low as 1 10 are advantageous. ficiently soluble in the organic liquid, and for many pur- To illustrate the strikin and surprising effect of the adposes concentrations as low as 1X l() are advantageous.
• ditive combinations of the present invention, additional Additive B can also be a polyvalent metal organic salt, examples are given in the following table.
• Additive B must diifer from Additive A emphasized that these examples are by no means exhauswith respect to both the cation and the anion.
• Additive B tive and that they are not to be construed as limiting the may be an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt or a salt broad scope of the invention.
• an organic base for instance a quaternary ammonium quantitative advantage of these examples of compositions salt, a quaternary phosplioniuni salt, or ternary sulfonium of the present invention is directly measurable as the ratio salt.
• Additive B can moreover, be an organic acid such 6A B as defined above or any other organic compound, but it must have, in any case, a molecular weight of at least 200, +073 e p y t least 300 and preferably not over a t which is the ratio of the conductivity of the compositions 10,000, especially not over about 1500, and must satisfy containing Additive A and Additive B in combination the requirement that the product of the molecular weight (O'A+B) to the sum of the conductivities of separate 1 of the substance and the specific conductivity, ohm ⁇ io s f Additiv A and Additive B individually (o' +a' cmf of a solution of 1 gram of the substance in 1 liter of all at the same temperature and concentrafions.
• benzene is at least 1 10- P.
• suitable value of this ratio were 1, no combination efiect would compounds Additive B a 511501165, m d s, be indicated but values greater than 1 indicate that a polyalkylene oxides, phenolformaldehyde condensation combination effect was obtained and the magnitude thereproducts, alcohols, ethers, esters, om'dized mineral oils, of.
• Additive combinations exhibiting a value of this ratio phosphatides and asphaltenes. of at least about 20 and particularly at least about are Just as only small quantities of Additive A, the polypreferred.
• e Octyl phenohiormaldehyde con- 2 l0- 1 g./litcr 22 densation product Polyethylene glycol alkyl aryl 2 1O-4 1. 5X10-5 13 ether (m.w. 046) Polyethylene glycol alkyl aryl 1X10-3 1.l3 10- 31 other (m.W.
• the Additives A are all polyvalent metal salts of organic acids (as defined hereinbefore) and have molecular weights of at least 200;
• the Additives B are all organic compounds having molecular weights of at least 200 and the products of the molecular weights of which times the specific conductivities (in the units, ohm" cm.- of which in benzene, at a concentration of one gram per liter are at least 1 X these Additivcs B furthermore containing no ion common to the specific Additive A of the same composition; and the organic liquids in which the additives are incorporated have from 1 through 15 carbon atoms on the average, and have dielectric constants at C. less than 9.
• A calcium diisopropyl salicylate
• B tricthanol amine
• Additives A and B are the only essential additives in the compositions of the present invention for the purposes set forth, other additivcs, such as dry cleaning assistants, oxidation inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, and the like can also be added without detracting from the aforementioned advantages of such compositions.
• a volatile petroleum hydrocarbon liquid containing substantially only compounds having up to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, having a dielectric constant at 20 C. of less than 7, and containing from about 1 10"" to l gram mole per liter of said hydrocarbon liquid, each of a salt (A) of the group consisting of calcium diisopropyl salicylate and chromium diisopropyl salicylate and a salt (B) of the group consisting of sodium petroleum sulfonate, tetraisoamyl ammonium picrate and a salt of sulfonated dioctyl ester of succinic acid, containing only ions differing from those of chromium diisopropyl salicylate and from those of calcium diisopropyl silicylate.
• a volatile petroleum hydrocarbon liquid containing substantially only compounds having up to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, having a dielectric constant at 20 C. of less than 7, and containing from about 1X10 to about 1X10' gram mole, per liter of said hydrocarbon liquid, each of calcium diisopropyl salicylate and sodium petroleum sulfonate.
• a volatile petroleum hydrocarbon liquid containing substantially only compounds having up to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, having a dielectric constant at 20 C. of less than 7, and containing from about 1X10 to about 1 10- gram mole, per liter of said hydrocarbon liquid, each of chromium diisopropyl salicylate and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate.
• a volatile petroleum hydrocarbon liquid containing substantially only compounds having up to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, having a dielectric constant at 20 C. of less than 7, and containing from about 1X10 to about 1x10- gram mole, per liter of said hydrocarbon liquid, each of chromium diisopropyl salicylate and lithium dioctyl sulfosuccinate.
• a volatile petroleum hydrocarbon liquid containing substantially only compounds having up to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, having a dielectric constant at 20 C. of less than 7, and containing from about 1x10- to about l 10- gram mole, per liter of said hydrocarbon liquid, each of calcium diisopropyl salicylate and tetraisoamyl ammonium picrate.
• a volatile petroleum hydrocarbon liquid containing substantially only compounds having up to 12 carbon atoms, having a dielectric constant at 20 C. of less than 7, and containing from about 1 10- to about 1 10 4 gram mole, per liter, of a chromium alkyl salicylate, and from about 1 10- to about 1 10 gram mole, per liter, of a salt of sulfonated dioctyl ester of succinic acid, containing only ions differing from those of said chromium alkyl salicylate.

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 0
  • BE BE525410D patent/BE525410A/xx unknown
  • NL NL83694D patent/NL83694C/xx active
  • NL NLAANVRAGE8103444,A patent/NL174934C/xx active
  • DE DENDAT1050338D patent/DE1050338B/de active Pending
  • FR FR1094667D patent/FR1094667A/fr not_active Expired
• 1953
  • 1953-12-28 GB GB36008/53A patent/GB749898A/en not_active Expired
• 1956
  • 1956-11-15 US US622500A patent/US3012969A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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