US3010907A

US3010907A - Alkaline cleaning compositions

Info

Publication number: US3010907A
Application number: US651593A
Authority: US
Inventors: James W Carroll
Original assignee: Pennsalt Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Pennwalt Corp
Priority date: 1957-04-09
Filing date: 1957-04-09
Publication date: 1961-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 1978-11-28

Description

.metal panels initially coated Tall oil-ethylene oxide condensate.

United States This invention relates to alkaline cleaning compositions andmoreparticularly to non-foaming alkaline cleaners.

The development of synthetic detergents has made pos sible in recent years the formulation of cleaning compositions of greatly enhanced detergent power, through combination of these detergents with various alkalies, acids or soaps. Synthetic detergents fall into three main classes, called anionic, non-ionic and cationic detergents. Of these, the non-ionic detergents exhibit outstanding ability to resist decomposition in alkalies, and for this reason they are favored for use in strongly alkaline cleaning compositions.

1 However, the non-ionic detergents suifer a serious drawback in that generally they tend to cause cleaning solutions to foam excessively. Many cleaning compositions are hampered by the presence of foam, particularly Where vigorous agitation of the cleaning solution forms a part of the detergent action. In spray cleaning particularly, the detrimental efiects of foam are so great as to preclude the use of non-ionic detergents in spray applications.

It has now been discovered that, by the addition to an alkaline cleaner of a small amount of an alkyl phenolethyleue oxide condensation product together with a small amount of a phosphate ester, the resulting composition is not only substantially free from foam even when used in spray applications but the composition has greatly improved cleaning power. As a result not only are the compositions of the present invention free from foam butalso the cleaning power is substantially superior to the heretofore known alkaline cleaning compositions Whether or not they contained non-ionic detergents.

The improved cleaning power of the compositions of the present invention is readily illustrated by the follow- .ing table, wherein they are compared with compositions containing several other types of synthetic detergents. This table has been prepared from data obtained when with mill oil soil were cleaned with a 1% solution of sodium orthosilicate containing 0.50% (by dry weight of the silicate) of the additive.

TABLE. I

Percent water w Additive break phate ester (16%) Rosin fatty acid-ethylene oxide condensate Di-tert. acetylenic glycol Alkyl aryl sodium sulfonate The alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensation product used in practicing the present invention may be represented by the formula type generally consist of a mixture of compounds difiering in the number of ethoxy (CH CH O) units conatent O 3,010,907 Patented Nov. 28, 1961 densed on each molecule, and' it is therefore customary to identify products having particular characteristics by indicating the range of ethoxy units per molecule within which the largest proportion of the compound falls.

The phosphate ester, to be included together with the alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate in the alkaline cleaning compositions of the present invention, has the structure:

H(OCH2CH2)nOP-O(CH OHnO)nH wherein the C H radical is a Z-ethyl hexyl group and n has a value of approximately 4 to 6.

The amounts in which the alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate and the phosphate ester may be used in the compositions of the presentinvention are very low, these materials 'being effective in amounts as low as 0.05% alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate and 0.01% phosphate ester, based on the dry weight of the composition. 'Itis generally preferred, however, that the alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate be present in amounts of at'least 0.25% and the phosphate ester in amounts of at least 0.05% by dry weight. Though larger amounts of these materials may be used with no deleterious effects, no particular advantage is obtained by using them in amounts in excess of about 5% alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate and 1% phosphate ester.

With respect to the alkalies which may be used in the alkaline cleaning compositions of the present invention, any of the generally known alkalies used in the cleaning industry, or any combination thereof, are suitable. The term alkali as used in the claims is intended to denote any of such alkalies. Examples of such alkalies include caustic soda, caustic potash, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium and potassium sili: cates having silica to alkali metal oxide ratios up to about 3.5, the alkali metal phosphates such as trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium ,pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, etc. While thealkali or alkali mixture generally comprises the major portion of the compositions of th present invention, and should be present in amounts of at least 50% thereof, there may also be included various cleaning aids such as sequestering agents, corrosion inhibitors, abrasives, etc., as may be desired in specific applications.

the invention.

Example I In a steel mill assembly line, thesheet steel after processing was passed through a spray cleaning apparatus for final removal of mill oil, shop dirt, etc. The spray nozzles were arranged to impinge the cleaning solution on the steelsheetsthe run-elf solution .beingcolle'cted in a tank. and recycled. Difliculty in completely removing the soil had been encountered, using a cleaner containing about 50% sodium metasilicate pentahydrate together with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate and a rust inhibitor. In an effort to produce more effective cleaning there were addedto thiscleaner small amounts of a synthetic non ionic detergent and also a synthetic anionic detergent of the alkyl benzene sulfonate class. The improvement in soil removal was disappointingly slight, while the persistent foaming of the solution was almost disastrous, the foam rapidly overflowing'froni the run-olf tank, interfering with the action" of the recycling pumps and slowing down the whole assembly line.

In place of the above cleaner there was then substituted in the same spray apparatus a cleaning composi- 4. Example VI Potassium hydroxide 54.4 Potassium silicate (14.2% K 0, 26.7% S102,

59.1% H O) 45.0 Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 0.5 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed hereinabove 0.1

Example VII Sodium carbon 70 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Q. 29

Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 0.6 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed hereinabove 0.4

Example VIII Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate 89 Sodium carbonate 10 Octyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 0.7 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed hereinabove 0.3

Earample IX Caustic soda- 95 Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 4.5 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed hereinabove 0.5

It will be understood that the present invention is applicable to many types of cleaning operations, and is not limited to those applications which require a cleaning composition which does not foam. The complete absence or rapid dissipation of foaming in the compositions of the present invention is an added advantage which, together with their greatly increased detergent power, makes these compositions highly versatile and effective in a wide range of applications.

This application is a continuation-impart of my copending application Serial No. 553,686, filed December 19, 1955, and now abandoned.

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim:

. 1. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition comprising a major proportion of an inorganic alkaline material, from 0.05% to 5% by dry weight of the composition of an organic detergent, and from 0.01% to 1% by dry weight of the'composition of a defoamer, said inorganic alkaline material being selected from the class consisting of caustic soda, caustic potash, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal phosphates, and mixtures thereof, said organic detergent being'an alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensation product having the formula:

nQ-oromomonn wherein R is an alkyl group having carbon atoms and i where n has a value of from 8 to 10 and said'defoamer being a phosphate ester of the formula! i I (I? V V V r are onlonmr-o ro om ommnn -CsH11 V V wherein the C H radical is a Z-e thyl hexyl group and where n has a value of approximately 4 to 6.

2. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition in accordance with claim ,1 in which said condensation prodtion having the following ingredients: 5

' 4 i Percent byweight Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate 52 Sodium carbonate 18.1 Sodium bicarbonatennd 13 i Sodium tripolyphosphate 8 10 Potassium dichromate (a rust-inhibiting compound) 8 Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 0 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed hereinabove 0.3 i

This composition, at a concentration of one ounce per 13 gallon gave highly efiec-tive cleaning, and moreover produced hardly any team, the slight amount which did form dissipating immediately before it could build up.

1 Example II A heavy duty spraycleaner was made by blending the following: i

. Percent by weight Sodium orthosilicate 89 5 Sodium tripolyphosphate 10 Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 0.7 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed hereinaboye 0.3

This composition was used in aqueous solution, at a concentration of 2 oz./ gal. anda temperature of about 160 F., to spray-clean heavily soiled sheet steel. The solution did not foam, Soil removal, as compared with simple silicate cleaners, was greatly improved.

Example III I,

a V Percen t'by weight Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 79 Actidip sal 20 i Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate 0. 7 Z-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-

scribed 'hereinabove f 0 3 'lirademark for an activating compound consisting of a titanlum-disodium phosphate, complex for use prior to phosphatlzlng, made'in accordance with Patent No. 2,310,239. In the present composition, the compoundmay be present in amounts of from 5 to 25%. a r I This composition, at a dilution of one ozJgal, and a 7 temperature of 160? F., was employed as a cleaning and activating spray treatment to'prepare metal for phosphat- 5 ing. The run-off was collected and recirculated in order to get full use from the relatively expensive ingredients, an expedient made much simpler by the absence of foam. "At the same time the increased wetting, penetrating and cleaning properties" of the solution was highly advantageous, increasing the'speed and efficiency of the process, which was part of an assembly-line.

Following are further examples of low foaming alkaline cleaning compositions formulated in accordance with the present invention. i V

Example 1V V x Percent by weight Caustic so 99.65

Nonyl phenol-ethylene" oxide condensate 0.2 5

j2-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester,'dep,

scribed hereinabove; 0.10

. ExampleV V Anhydrous sodium metasilicateu n... 76 '7 Sodium carbon t V r 10 :Sodium tripolyphosphate '10 'Nonylphenol-ethylene oxidecondensate V 3 2-ethyl hexyl-polyoxyethylene phosphate ester, de-,

uct is' present in an amount of about 0.25 to 5% and said phosphate ester is, present in an'amount of about 0.05 to 1% by dry weight of said composition.

, 3. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said inorganic alkaline material sodium hydroxide.

4. A non-foaming alkaline cleaningcomposition in accordance with claim 1 in which said inorganic alkaline material is sodium orthosilicate.

5. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said inorganic alkaline material is sodium metasilicate.

6. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said inorganic alkaline material is tetrasodiurn pyrophosphate.

7. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said inorganic alkaline material is a mixture of sodium orthosilicate and sodium tripolyphosphate, said orthosil-icate being present in said composition in an amount of about 90% by dry weight.

8. A non-foaming alkaline cleaning composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said inorganic alkaline material is a. mixture of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate and wherein said metasilicate is present in an amount of at least about 50% by dry weight of said composition.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,970,578 Schoeller Aug. 21, 1934 2,439,784 Cerna Apr. 13, 1948 2,522,447 Harris Sept. 12, 1950 2,543,744 POX Mar. 6, 1951 2,586,897 Woodstock Feb. 26, 1952 2,742,436 Jenkins Apr. 17, 1956 2,746,927 'Fineman May 22, 1956 2,867,585 Vitale Jan. 6, 1959 OTHER REFERENCES Liddiard: The Theory and Practice of Metal Degreasing in Aqueous Media, Chem. and hid, July 10, 1948, pp. 435-437.

Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, October 1949, page 52.

Claims

1. A NON-FOAMING ALKALINE CLEANING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF AN INORGANIC ALKALINE MATERIAL, FROM 0.05% TO 5% BY DRY WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION OF AN ORGANIC DETERGENT, AND FROM 0.01% TO 1% BY DRY WRIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION OF A DEFOAMER, SAID INORGANIC ALKALINE MATERIAL BEING SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF CAUSTIC SODA, CAUSTIC POTASH, SODIUM CARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE, ALKALI METAL SILICATES, ALKALI METAL PHOSPHATES, AND MIXTURES THEREOF, SAID ORGANIC DETERGENT BEING AN ALKYL PHENOL-ETHYLENE OXIDE CONDENSATION PORODUCT HAVING THE FORMULA: