US3010838A - Coating composition for subbing polystyrene film - Google Patents

Coating composition for subbing polystyrene film Download PDF

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US3010838A
US3010838A US826433A US82643359A US3010838A US 3010838 A US3010838 A US 3010838A US 826433 A US826433 A US 826433A US 82643359 A US82643359 A US 82643359A US 3010838 A US3010838 A US 3010838A
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weight
nitrocellulose
coating composition
subbing
cresol
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US826433A
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Jay J Uber
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Plastic Coating Corp
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Plastic Coating Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means

Definitions

  • Polystyrene film has heretofore been proposed for use as a photographic film support and is finding increasing commercial use for this purpose.
  • a serious problem has heretofore been presented in securing a firm bond between the surface of a polystyrene base sheet and the lightsensitive coating of a gelatin-silver halide emulsion.
  • Various solutions have been proposed for the solution of this problem. 1
  • Another solution to the problem has involved the substitution of a special light-sensitive coating for the conventional gelatin-silver halide emulsion.
  • This solution to the problem has the dual disadvantage of requiring a material and complex deviation from the normal procedures for the application of the conventional gelatin-silver halide emulsion coatings, with increased cost arising both from the more expensive ingredients used in the special light-sensitive coating composition and the complex procedure involved in the formulation of the light-sensitive coating composition.
  • a third solution to this problem has involved a combination of the foregoing alternative solutions which combines the economic disadvantages of each of those alternatives.
  • subbing is used in this specification in its usually accepted sense to mean an intermediate film or coating on the surface of a base sheet or film which bonds a photographic gelatin-silver halide emulsion to the surface of the base sheet or film.
  • the coating composition in accordance with this invention comprises gelatin, nitrocellulose, acetic acid and phenol, a cresol, i.e. meta-, paraor ortho-cresol or a mixture of cresols dispersedin a suitable volatile solvent for nitrocellulose. It may contain about 0.5% to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin and preferably contain an amount within the range of about 0.75%, to about 1.5%, by weight, thereof. It may contain an amount of nitrocellulose within the range of about 0.25% to about 2.25%, by weight, and preferably within the range of about 0.75%, by weight, to about 1.5% by weight.
  • the acetic acid content of the composition may be within the range of 1.5% to about 6.0%, by weight, and preferably will be within the range of about 2.0% to about 4.0%, by weight.
  • nitrocellulose varies with its viscosity characteristic with the strength falling off rapidly with the lower viscosity types.
  • a subbing film deposited from the composition of this invention that its bonding strength increases when the lower viscosity types of nitrocellulose are used in the composition.
  • a nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic of 15 seconds gives very poor adhesion between a photographic gelatin-silver halide emulsion film and a polystyrene surface.
  • a nitrocellulose in this coating composition which has a viscosity characteristic within the range of about 10 centipoises to about 5 seconds, and I prefer to use a nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic of within the range of about 10 centipoises to about /2 second.
  • a 15 centipoise nitro cellulose has been found to give excellent results in this composition.
  • the viscosity characteristic of a nitrocellulose of a type higher than A second may be measured by the standard falling ball method described by ASTM specification D30l-50, while viscosity characteristics of A second or lower can be conveniently measured by the use of a capillary viscometer described for example on page 30 of the Hercules Nitrocellulose Handbook published by Hercules Powder Company.
  • the nitrocellulose may be of the RS type or the SS type.
  • the phenol, the cresol, or the mixture of cresols in this composition is believed to increase the adhesion of the composition to the surface of the polystyrene sheet or film. It remains more or less completely in the coating film which remains after the evaporation of the volatile solvents.
  • the acetic acid in the composition acts as a solvent for the gelatin in the composition and permits its solution in the anhydrous solvent for the nitrocellulose.
  • the polystyrene which is subbed by the use of the composition of this invention to form the base sheet or film of a photographic film is of the flexible type which may be produced by methods known in the art, US. Patent 2,074,285, issued March 16, 1937, to E. Studt et al., discloses a method for the production of such sheets.
  • the polystyrene sheet or film may be of any desired thickness and will usually have a thickness within the range of about 0.002 inch to 0.020 inch.
  • the photographic silver halide emulsion which is supplied over the subbing on the polystyrene is of the conventional type.
  • Typical photographic silver halide emulsions include silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver brorniodide, silver chlorobromide and silver chlorobromiodide emulsions.
  • the carrier for the silver halide is gelatin.
  • the coating composition in accordance with this invention is specifically illustrated by the following example:
  • composition illustrated by Example 1 may be applied to polystyrene film in an amount within the range of about 6.5 lbs. to about 16.5 lbs. (wet coating weight) .per 1000 square feet.
  • Example 1 the amounts of gelatin, of nitrocellulose, of glacial acetic acid and of phenol shown by Example 1 may be varied.
  • the ratio of nitrocellulose to gelatin should be within the range of about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight for each part by weight of'gelatin.
  • a cresol or a mixture of 'cresols can be substituted for phenol on a weight for weight basis.
  • Example 2 gives ranges of proportions which may be used in the coating composition.
  • Glacial acetic acid 1.50-6.00
  • a coating composition consisting essentially of about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin; about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.25%, by weight, of nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic no higher than 5 seconds as measured by the standard method ASTM specification: D30l-50; about 1.5% by weight about 6.0%, by weight, of acetic acid; about 1.0%, by weight, to about 5.0%, by weight, of a material selected from the group consisting of phenol, ortho cresol, meta cresol, para cresol and mixtures of cresols; and a volatile organic solvent for the said nitrocellulose.
  • a coating composition consisting essentially of about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin; about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.25%, by Weight, of nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic no higher than /2 second as measured by the standard method ASTM specification D301-; about 1.5% by weight about 6.0%, by weight, of acetic acid; about 1.0%, by weight, to about 5.0%, by weight, of a material selected from the group consisting of phenol, ortho cresol, meta cresol, para cresol and mixtures of cresols; and a volatile organic solvent for the said nitrocellulose.
  • a coating conposition consisting essentially of about 0.75%, by weight, to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin; about 0.75%, by Weight, to about 1.5%, by weight, of nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic of no higher than /2 second as measured by the standard method ASTM specification D30l-50; about 2.0%, by Weight, of acetic acid; about 2.0%, by weight, to about 4.0%, by weight, of a material selected from the group consisting of phenol, ortho cresol, meta cresol, para cresol and mixtures of cresols; and a volatile solvent for the said nitrocellulose.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,010,838 COATING COMPOSITION FOR SUBBING POLYSTYRENE FILM Jay J. Uber, South Hadley, Mass., assignor to The Plastic Coating Corporation No Drawing. Filed July 13, 1959, Ser. No. 826,433 3 Claims. (Cl. 106-128) This invention relatesto a coating composition for use in the production of a photographic film having a polystyrene base sheet.
Polystyrene film has heretofore been proposed for use as a photographic film support and is finding increasing commercial use for this purpose. A serious problem has heretofore been presented in securing a firm bond between the surface of a polystyrene base sheet and the lightsensitive coating of a gelatin-silver halide emulsion. Various solutions have been proposed for the solution of this problem. 1
One proposed solution has been the application of an intermediate subbing layer consisting of two or more coatings of different compositions. This solution to the problem has the disadvantage of requiring two or more coating operations to form the subbing, prior to the application of the light-sensitive coating, thereby increasing the cost of the product.
Another solution to the problem has involved the substitution of a special light-sensitive coating for the conventional gelatin-silver halide emulsion. This solution to the problem has the dual disadvantage of requiring a material and complex deviation from the normal procedures for the application of the conventional gelatin-silver halide emulsion coatings, with increased cost arising both from the more expensive ingredients used in the special light-sensitive coating composition and the complex procedure involved in the formulation of the light-sensitive coating composition. A third solution to this problem has involved a combination of the foregoing alternative solutions which combines the economic disadvantages of each of those alternatives.
Specific examples of each of these alternative solutions to this problem are described by US. 2,816,027, issued December 10, 1957, to Thomas H. Farrell et al. While describing in considerable detail these alternative solutions to the problem, that patent states that for certain purposes it is not necessary to apply a subbing to polystyrene sheeting before coating it with a photographic emulsion, especially where the photographic film is to be employed at comparatively high relative humidity. However, as a practical matter the application of a subbing coating to a polystyrene base sheet is essential in the production of photographic film intended for any normal usage.
It will be understood that the term subbing is used in this specification in its usually accepted sense to mean an intermediate film or coating on the surface of a base sheet or film which bonds a photographic gelatin-silver halide emulsion to the surface of the base sheet or film.
It is an object of this invention to provide a coating composition which is adapted for application to a polystyrene sheet or film in a single coating operation to form a subbing which will receive and firmly bond a conventional light-sensitive gelatin-silver halide coating to the polystyrene base sheet or film.
Other objects of this invention and its various advantageous features will become apparent from the detailed description which follows:
The coating composition in accordance with this invention comprises gelatin, nitrocellulose, acetic acid and phenol, a cresol, i.e. meta-, paraor ortho-cresol or a mixture of cresols dispersedin a suitable volatile solvent for nitrocellulose. It may contain about 0.5% to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin and preferably contain an amount within the range of about 0.75%, to about 1.5%, by weight, thereof. It may contain an amount of nitrocellulose within the range of about 0.25% to about 2.25%, by weight, and preferably within the range of about 0.75%, by weight, to about 1.5% by weight. It will contain an amount of phenol, a cresol or a mixture of cresols within the range of about 1.0% to about 5.0%, by weight, and preferably 2.0% to about 4.0%, by weight. The acetic acid content of the composition may be within the range of 1.5% to about 6.0%, by weight, and preferably will be within the range of about 2.0% to about 4.0%, by weight.
It is a well recognized fact that the strength of nitrocellulose varies with its viscosity characteristic with the strength falling off rapidly with the lower viscosity types. Despite this well-known fact, I have found in the case of a subbing film deposited from the composition of this invention, that its bonding strength increases when the lower viscosity types of nitrocellulose are used in the composition. A nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic of 15 seconds gives very poor adhesion between a photographic gelatin-silver halide emulsion film and a polystyrene surface. It is desirable to use a nitrocellulose in this coating composition which has a viscosity characteristic within the range of about 10 centipoises to about 5 seconds, and I prefer to use a nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic of within the range of about 10 centipoises to about /2 second. A 15 centipoise nitro cellulose has been found to give excellent results in this composition. The viscosity characteristic of a nitrocellulose of a type higher than A second may be measured by the standard falling ball method described by ASTM specification D30l-50, while viscosity characteristics of A second or lower can be conveniently measured by the use of a capillary viscometer described for example on page 30 of the Hercules Nitrocellulose Handbook published by Hercules Powder Company. The nitrocellulose may be of the RS type or the SS type.
The phenol, the cresol, or the mixture of cresols in this composition is believed to increase the adhesion of the composition to the surface of the polystyrene sheet or film. It remains more or less completely in the coating film which remains after the evaporation of the volatile solvents. The acetic acid in the composition acts as a solvent for the gelatin in the composition and permits its solution in the anhydrous solvent for the nitrocellulose.
The polystyrene which is subbed by the use of the composition of this invention to form the base sheet or film of a photographic film is of the flexible type which may be produced by methods known in the art, US. Patent 2,074,285, issued March 16, 1937, to E. Studt et al., discloses a method for the production of such sheets. The polystyrene sheet or film may be of any desired thickness and will usually have a thickness within the range of about 0.002 inch to 0.020 inch.
The photographic silver halide emulsion which is supplied over the subbing on the polystyrene is of the conventional type. Typical photographic silver halide emulsions include silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver brorniodide, silver chlorobromide and silver chlorobromiodide emulsions. The carrier for the silver halide is gelatin.
The coating composition in accordance with this invention is specifically illustrated by the following example:
The composition illustrated by Example 1 may be applied to polystyrene film in an amount within the range of about 6.5 lbs. to about 16.5 lbs. (wet coating weight) .per 1000 square feet.
As will be understood from the foregoing, the amounts of gelatin, of nitrocellulose, of glacial acetic acid and of phenol shown by Example 1 may be varied. In general, the ratio of nitrocellulose to gelatin should be within the range of about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight for each part by weight of'gelatin. A cresol or a mixture of 'cresols can be substituted for phenol on a weight for weight basis. Example 2 gives ranges of proportions which may be used in the coating composition.
EXAMPLE 2 Ranges of proportions of ingredients for coating composition for subbing-polystyrene film Percent by wt.
Gelatin 0.50-1.50 Nitrocellulose (viscosity within the range of centipoises to /2 second) 0.25-2.25
Glacial acetic acid 1.50-6.00
Phenol or cresol 1.00-5.00
Volatile solventv mixture The remainder In the foregoing, various details have been given to fully explain the nature of this invention. However, it will be fully understood that various changes and modifications can be made in'those details without departing from the spirit of this invention or the scope of the claims which follow.
I claim:
1. A coating composition consisting essentially of about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin; about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.25%, by weight, of nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic no higher than 5 seconds as measured by the standard method ASTM specification: D30l-50; about 1.5% by weight about 6.0%, by weight, of acetic acid; about 1.0%, by weight, to about 5.0%, by weight, of a material selected from the group consisting of phenol, ortho cresol, meta cresol, para cresol and mixtures of cresols; and a volatile organic solvent for the said nitrocellulose.
2. A coating composition consisting essentially of about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin; about 0.5%, by weight, to about 2.25%, by Weight, of nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic no higher than /2 second as measured by the standard method ASTM specification D301-; about 1.5% by weight about 6.0%, by weight, of acetic acid; about 1.0%, by weight, to about 5.0%, by weight, of a material selected from the group consisting of phenol, ortho cresol, meta cresol, para cresol and mixtures of cresols; and a volatile organic solvent for the said nitrocellulose.
3. A coating conposition consisting essentially of about 0.75%, by weight, to about 2.0%, by weight, of gelatin; about 0.75%, by Weight, to about 1.5%, by weight, of nitrocellulose having a viscosity characteristic of no higher than /2 second as measured by the standard method ASTM specification D30l-50; about 2.0%, by Weight, of acetic acid; about 2.0%, by weight, to about 4.0%, by weight, of a material selected from the group consisting of phenol, ortho cresol, meta cresol, para cresol and mixtures of cresols; and a volatile solvent for the said nitrocellulose.
Starch Feb. 3, 1959

Claims (1)

1. A COATING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 0.5%, BY WEIGHT, TO ABOUT 2.0%, BY WEIGHT, OF GELATIN, ABOUT 0.5%, BY WEIGHT, TO ABOUT 2.25%, BY WEIGHT, OF NITROCELLULOSE HAVING A VISCOSITY CHARACTERISTIC NO HIGHER THAN 5 SECONDS AS MEASURED BY THE STANDARD METHOD ASTM SPECIFICATION D301-50, ABOUT 1.5% BY WEIGHT ABOUT 6.0%, BY WEIGHT, OF ACETIC ACID, ABOUT 1.0%, BY WEIGHT, TO ABOUT 5.0%, BY WEIGHT OF A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHENOL, ORTHO CRESOL, META CRESOL, PARA CRESOL AND MIXTURES OF CRESOLS, AND A VOLATILE ORGANIC SOLVENT FOR THE SAID NITROCELLULOSE.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148063A (en) * 1959-12-18 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive element for preparing etching resist for gravure purposes
US3168402A (en) * 1961-04-27 1965-02-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Photographic stripping film
US3227571A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Carboxymethylated and acylated, carboxymethylated gelatins for peptization of baryta
US3228770A (en) * 1960-08-24 1966-01-11 Eastman Kodak Co Subbing composition
US3306755A (en) * 1962-09-25 1967-02-28 Monsanto Co Anti-fogging coating and non-fogging coated polystyrene article

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US822107A (en) * 1905-03-06 1906-05-29 Bromar Ltd Base or support for photographic sensitive emulsions.
US2341877A (en) * 1940-10-07 1944-02-15 Du Pont Sublayers for film elements and preparation thereof
US2544237A (en) * 1944-07-01 1951-03-06 Noc Company Di Photosensitive transfer
US2872318A (en) * 1958-02-14 1959-02-03 Eastman Kodak Co Polystyrene film elements and subbing compositions therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US822107A (en) * 1905-03-06 1906-05-29 Bromar Ltd Base or support for photographic sensitive emulsions.
US2341877A (en) * 1940-10-07 1944-02-15 Du Pont Sublayers for film elements and preparation thereof
US2544237A (en) * 1944-07-01 1951-03-06 Noc Company Di Photosensitive transfer
US2872318A (en) * 1958-02-14 1959-02-03 Eastman Kodak Co Polystyrene film elements and subbing compositions therefor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148063A (en) * 1959-12-18 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive element for preparing etching resist for gravure purposes
US3228770A (en) * 1960-08-24 1966-01-11 Eastman Kodak Co Subbing composition
US3168402A (en) * 1961-04-27 1965-02-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Photographic stripping film
US3227571A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Carboxymethylated and acylated, carboxymethylated gelatins for peptization of baryta
US3306755A (en) * 1962-09-25 1967-02-28 Monsanto Co Anti-fogging coating and non-fogging coated polystyrene article

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