US2358056A - Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes - Google Patents

Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2358056A
US2358056A US348013A US34801340A US2358056A US 2358056 A US2358056 A US 2358056A US 348013 A US348013 A US 348013A US 34801340 A US34801340 A US 34801340A US 2358056 A US2358056 A US 2358056A
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United States
Prior art keywords
paper
coating
photographic
emulsion
polyvinyl alcohol
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Expired - Lifetime
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US348013A
Inventor
Clark Halford Rogers
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US348014A priority Critical patent/US2346008A/en
Priority to US348013A priority patent/US2358056A/en
Priority to DEK161664D priority patent/DE740796C/en
Priority to FR897811D priority patent/FR897811A/en
Priority to FR897960D priority patent/FR897960A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2358056A publication Critical patent/US2358056A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/52—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes

Definitions

  • This invention relatesto .the manufacture of vpaper for photographic purposes in which barium rial can be controlled by the viscosity ofthe polyvinyl alcohol which is employed and also by the sulfate, ⁇ dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol, is emvents the infiltration of a photographic emulsion thereon into the fiber of the paper, on the other handk it protects .the photographic ,emulsion against the action of impurities contained in the paper.
  • One object of my invention is to provide a method of -coating paper for photographic purposes with which non-gelatin silver halide photographic emulsions may be used without any bleeding of the sensitizing dye into the coating or the paper.
  • Other objects of my invention will appear herein.
  • the dispersion is prepared by incorporating barium sulfate or blanc Xe into a water solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing plasticizer and this dispersion is spread upon the paper in a thin coating such as by means of a spreading machine.
  • Y such as by spraying, etc.
  • the viscosity of the coating matecoatings. Y If desired, however, evengreater pron ratio of blanc fixe to polyvinylV alcohol therein. 'I'he polyvinyl alcohols, havinga viscosity of 2-60 cps., are ordinarily suitable for this purpose.
  • V The percentage of solids to liquids in the coating solution may be that which Voperates most satisfactorily. For instance, in some cases, 15% would be satisfactory to one operator, in another case, 9% vwould be satisfactory, while in other cases, .percentages between these limits, or above or below them, might be employed. With the low viscosity polyvinylalcohols, the amount of solventnecessary is lessthan withthe high viscosity polyvinyl alcohols and, therefore, the percentage of solids to liquids will admit of variation over quite a wide range. The percentage of barium sulfate or blanc iixe is that necessary to give a good surface to the paper.
  • the per-v centages of barium sulfate may be those ordinarily employed in the case of gelatin baryta thereon.
  • the applications to paper of a plurality f of coatings of barium Ysulfate dispersed in a water solution of polyvinyl alcohol is also vtorbe understood as within the scopeof my invention.
  • the accompanying drawing is of a photographic paper in accordance with my invention.
  • a layer of baryta coating is deposited, essentially consisting vof baryta or barium sulfate dispersedjin an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a baryta-coated paper is obtained.
  • the photographic paper is then formed by applying a silver halide photographic emulsion layer thereto in the usual manner.
  • Any compatible foaming agent maybe Y yadded if the amount of foaming otherwise present stable and a sharp, clear-cut image may be re'-A Y cordedV thereon.
  • a photographicv paper'essen'tially consisting of paperhaving aooating thereon essentially consisting of barium sulfate dispersed in poly-l vinyl alcohol, and an ⁇ Vovercoating of a photographic emulsion in Vwhich polyvinyl alcohol is ⁇ present as the protective colloid for the silver halide, the. barium .sulfate coating on the paper .protecting .the emulsion from substances having a derogatory effect thereon.
  • Afphotographic paper essentially consisting of paper having aV coating thereonV essentially 'Y the'prot'ective colloid for the silver'halide, the,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Color Printing (AREA)

Description

Sept. 12, 1944. H. R. CLARK 2,358,056
MANUFAGTURE OF PAPER ,FOR PHQTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES Filed July 27, 1940 Y PAPER HALFORD lR. CLARK INVENTQR Patented sept. 12, 1944 fA UNITED STATE s PATENTv OFFICE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FOR v PHOTOGRAPHIVC PURPOSES I 'Halford Rogers Clark, Rochester. N. Yg, assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Y Y vApplication July 27, 1940, SeralNo. 348,013
5 Claims.
This invention relatesto .the manufacture of vpaper for photographic purposes in which barium rial can be controlled by the viscosity ofthe polyvinyl alcohol which is employed and also by the sulfate,` dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol, is emvents the infiltration of a photographic emulsion thereon into the fiber of the paper, on the other handk it protects .the photographic ,emulsion against the action of impurities contained in the paper. Inthe case of photographic emulsions A in which other substances than gelatin are employed as the carrier for the silver halide, baryta coatings consisting of blanc fixe in gelatin have been unsatisfactory due, in many cases, to the sensitizing dyes in such emulsions being drawn down, or bleeding, into the baryta coating.
One object of my invention is to provide a method of -coating paper for photographic purposes with which non-gelatin silver halide photographic emulsions may be used without any bleeding of the sensitizing dye into the coating or the paper. Other objects of my invention will appear herein.
I have found that blanc iixe, dispersed in a water solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing a i plasticizer, is eminently suited for coating paper to prepare it for applying a photographic emulsion thereto. I have found that by so coating paper, non-gelatin photographic emulsions, such as described in Salo Patent No. 2,110,491, Fordyce application Serial No. 221,584, led July 27, 1938, Lowe application Serial No. 318,560, led February l2, 1940, and U. S. Patent No. 2,286,215, will satisfactorily adhere thereto and the sensitizing dyes in those emulsions will not bleed into the baryta coating or the paper. I have found that a baryta coating of barium sulfate, dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol, on paper prevents the inltration of a photographic emulsion thereon into the fiber of the paper and also protects the emulsion against any impurities which might be present in the paper.
The dispersion is prepared by incorporating barium sulfate or blanc Xe into a water solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing plasticizer and this dispersion is spread upon the paper in a thin coating such as by means of a spreading machine. Obviously, other methods of application may be employed if desired, Ysuch as by spraying, etc. The viscosity of the coating matecoatings. Y If desired, however, evengreater pron ratio of blanc fixe to polyvinylV alcohol therein. 'I'he polyvinyl alcohols, havinga viscosity of 2-60 cps., are ordinarily suitable for this purpose.
VThe percentage of solids to liquids in the coating solution may be that which Voperates most satisfactorily. For instance, in some cases, 15% would be satisfactory to one operator, in another case, 9% vwould be satisfactory, while in other cases, .percentages between these limits, or above or below them, might be employed. With the low viscosity polyvinylalcohols, the amount of solventnecessary is lessthan withthe high viscosity polyvinyl alcohols and, therefore, the percentage of solids to liquids will admit of variation over quite a wide range. The percentage of barium sulfate or blanc iixe is that necessary to give a good surface to the paper. The per-v centages of barium sulfate may be those ordinarily employed in the case of gelatin baryta thereon. The applications to paper of a plurality f of coatings of barium Ysulfate dispersed in a water solution of polyvinyl alcohol is also vtorbe understood as within the scopeof my invention.
The accompanying drawing is of a photographic paper in accordance with my invention. Upon the support of paper a layer of baryta coating is deposited, essentially consisting vof baryta or barium sulfate dispersedjin an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. Upon evaporation of the water, a baryta-coated paper is obtained. The photographic paper is then formed by applying a silver halide photographic emulsion layer thereto in the usual manner.
The following example illustrates the preparation of a baryta coating in. accordance with The material contained 23% solids and 2.3%
dispersion by meansrof the spreading machineV yand after drying, the paper was found to be satisfactory for coating with asilver halide photographic emulsion. Although a gelatin photographic emulsion can be applied to the paper poylvinyl alcohol. Paper Vwas coatedwith this coated with baryta, my inventionl is particularly applicable to the preparation ofphotographic pal pers in which non-gelatin photographic emulsions are coated over the baryta coating.V v Inothe example, a small amount of butyl which might Voccur in running the mixture through a colloid mill to impart homogeneity;l
thereto. Any compatible foaming agent maybe Y yadded if the amount of foaming otherwise present stable and a sharp, clear-cut image may be re'-A Y cordedV thereon.
I claim I. A photographic sisting of barium sulfate dispersed inpolyvinyl alcohol, and an Yovercoatingof a photographic Y paper essentially-consisting of paper having a coating thereon essentially con- `alco-V Y Vhol was incorporated to 1 decrease the foaming consistingnof barium sulfate,- polyvinyl alcohol,
anda small proportion of plasticizei',v and an v Y overcoating of a photographic emulsion essenltially'consisting of silver halide and a carrier therefor selected from the group consisting of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, the barium sulfate' coating protecting the emulsion from substances having aderogatory-'efi'ectthereom L3'. A photographicv paper'essen'tially consisting of paperhaving aooating thereon essentially consisting of barium sulfate dispersed in poly-l vinyl alcohol, and an` Vovercoating of a photographic emulsion in Vwhich polyvinyl alcohol is `present as the protective colloid for the silver halide, the. barium .sulfate coating on the paper .protecting .the emulsion from substances having a derogatory effect thereon. 1
,4.Y A photographic paper essentially consisting of paper` having a coating thereon essentially consisting of barium sulfateY dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol and ,an overcoating of a photographicV Y `emulsion essentially consistingof silver halide, a
' carrier therefor essentially consisting of' gelatin emulsion essentially consisting of silver halide Vand ya carrier therefor selected from the groupv consisting of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol, the bariumV sulfate coating protecting the emulsion f from substances f having aV derogatory effect thereon.A
2. Afphotographic paper essentially consisting of paper having aV coating thereonV essentially 'Y the'prot'ective colloid for the silver'halide, the,
barium :sulfate coating protectingthe emulsion from substances [having a derogatoryfefleci;V
and a polyvinyl alcohol and'afsensitizingldye. the barium sulfate coating preventing the'passage of discoloring materials from one outer layer tothel other. Y v o l l i5. A photographic palperv essentially consisting of paper having `a Vcoating thereon, essentially consisting of barium sulfate' dispersed in polyvinyl ValcoholV and an' overcoating 'of a photo'- graphic emulsion in which gelatin is present as thereon. Y HALFORD R. CLARK.
US348013A 1940-07-27 1940-07-27 Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes Expired - Lifetime US2358056A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US348014A US2346008A (en) 1940-07-27 1940-07-27 Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes
US348013A US2358056A (en) 1940-07-27 1940-07-27 Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes
DEK161664D DE740796C (en) 1940-07-27 1941-07-09 Process for the production of barite on papers for photographic purposes
FR897811D FR897811A (en) 1940-07-27 1943-09-03 Manufacturing process of photographic papers
FR897960D FR897960A (en) 1940-07-27 1943-09-09 Improvement in the manufacturing processes of photographic papers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US348014A US2346008A (en) 1940-07-27 1940-07-27 Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes
US348013A US2358056A (en) 1940-07-27 1940-07-27 Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2725296A (en) * 1951-09-14 1955-11-29 Eastman Kodak Co Two-layer integral negative positive photographic material
US3161519A (en) * 1961-06-14 1964-12-15 Eastman Kodak Co Non-pigmented white coating
US4283486A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-08-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material
EP0698816A1 (en) 1994-08-26 1996-02-28 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic paper formed with low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol having low oxygen permeability
US5567473A (en) * 1991-08-19 1996-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic paper with low oxygen permeability

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR955267A (en) * 1943-03-22 1950-01-11
BE563842A (en) * 1956-04-26

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE677379C (en) * 1937-10-08 1939-06-24 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Process for the production of paper, cardboard or paperboard with a surface particularly suitable for printing

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2725296A (en) * 1951-09-14 1955-11-29 Eastman Kodak Co Two-layer integral negative positive photographic material
US3161519A (en) * 1961-06-14 1964-12-15 Eastman Kodak Co Non-pigmented white coating
US4283486A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-08-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material
US5567473A (en) * 1991-08-19 1996-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic paper with low oxygen permeability
US5695862A (en) * 1991-08-19 1997-12-09 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic paper with low oxygen permeability
EP0698816A1 (en) 1994-08-26 1996-02-28 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic paper formed with low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol having low oxygen permeability
US5576152A (en) * 1994-08-26 1996-11-19 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic paper formed with low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol having low oxygen permeability

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR897960A (en) 1945-04-06
DE740796C (en) 1944-02-23
US2346008A (en) 1944-04-04
FR897811A (en) 1945-04-03

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