US2996452A - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents
Lubricating oil composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2996452A US2996452A US18777A US1877760A US2996452A US 2996452 A US2996452 A US 2996452A US 18777 A US18777 A US 18777A US 1877760 A US1877760 A US 1877760A US 2996452 A US2996452 A US 2996452A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- extreme pressure
- wear
- oil
- mineral
- lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 2-ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/40—Esters thereof
- C07F9/4003—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/4006—Esters of acyclic acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/065—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
Definitions
- This invention relates toimproved lubricants containing as a major lubricating component oil of mineral origin.
- the invention relates to lubricating compositions of this type having improved extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics.
- a particular property required by many mineral base lubricants used today is an ability to prevent seizure and scoring of relatively moving metallic surfaces operating under extremely high pressures per unit area, in many cases considerably in excess of 10,000 psi. Pressures on this order have long been encountered in the machine industry. Also, recent automobile design has involved the use of smaller gears of the worm and hypoid type which operate under extremely high pressure loads. Consequently, for effective lubrication, lubricants capable f withstanding pressures appreciably higher than those at which ordinary mineral base oil lubricant films will rupture have been required.
- -It is therefore a principal object of the invention to provide a compounded lubricating product of mineral base oil possessing extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics of a high order such as those encountered in hypoid gear oils.
- the lubricity agents of the present invention are made by conventional methods and will not be described. 1 through 6 Weight percentages of each of di(2-ethylhexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate,
- Seizure may be defined as the load at which a significant [increase in wear scar diameter takes place.
- b Weld may be defined as the load at which the balls fuse rtogethel.
- the lubricity additives of the present invention when confined within the prescribed range, improves both extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics of the mineral base oil. Further, its corrosive tendencies are considerably lower than the presently used commercial hypoid gear oil. Amounts of the respective lubricity additives below about 2 weight percent do not produce sufiicient advantageous effects to render the composite oil lubricant adequate for extreme pressure and anti-wear use. Similarly, if the' additive is incorporated with the mineral oil in quantities greater than about 5 weight percent, the composite lubricant shows no further improvement in the level of these properties and, in several instances, a slight decrease in levels results. I V
- a lubricant composition having good extreme pressure, anti-wear and anti-corrosive properties suitable for 4 p ,y I E W use in hypoid gear systems said lubricant composition consisting essentially of 2 to 5 weight percent of di(2* ethylhexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate and the balance be ing an oil of mineral origin.
- a lubricant composition having good extreme pressure, anti-wear and anti-corrosive properties suitable for use in hypoid gear systems said lubricant composition consisting essentially of about 2 to 5 weight percent-of diethyl ole'oxyethyl phosphate and the balance being an 10 oil of mineral origin. 4
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
United Stat att O M 2,996,452 LUBRICATING OIL, COMPOSITION Louise F. Peale, Philadelphia, and Joseph F. Messina,
Havertown, Pa., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army No Drawing. Filed Mar. 30, 1960, Ser. No. 18,777 2 Claims.- (Cl. 25249.8) (Granted under Title 35, US. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates toimproved lubricants containing as a major lubricating component oil of mineral origin. In particular, the invention relates to lubricating compositions of this type having improved extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics.
A particular property required by many mineral base lubricants used today is an ability to prevent seizure and scoring of relatively moving metallic surfaces operating under extremely high pressures per unit area, in many cases considerably in excess of 10,000 psi. Pressures on this order have long been encountered in the machine industry. Also, recent automobile design has involved the use of smaller gears of the worm and hypoid type which operate under extremely high pressure loads. Consequently, for effective lubrication, lubricants capable f withstanding pressures appreciably higher than those at which ordinary mineral base oil lubricant films will rupture have been required.
-It is therefore a principal object of the invention to provide a compounded lubricating product of mineral base oil possessing extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics of a high order such as those encountered in hypoid gear oils.
It is another object of the invention to provide a lubricant having improved extreme pressure and anti-wearproperties, said lubricant comprising a major proportion of an oil of mineral :origin having a long chain phosphorus derivative of a fatty acid blended therewith.
Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent as the invention is more fully hereinafter disclosed.
In accordance with these objects it has been discovered that minor additions of selected long chain phosphorus derivatives of fatty acids to mineral base oils are characterized by good extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. More specifically, it has been found that di(2-ethylhexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate and diethyl oleoxyethyl phosphate are capable of imparting these desirable properties to mineral base oils.
Mineral oil SAE 40 only is presented in the table following. It is to be understood however that the invention is not to be considered as being limited to this specific viscosity as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a wide variety of visoosities of mineral oils may be employed in formulating the lubricant contemplated herein.
The lubricity agents of the present invention are made by conventional methods and will not be described. 1 through 6 Weight percentages of each of di(2-ethylhexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate,
2,996,452 Patented "Aug. 15, 1961 Ice was intimately blended with varying SAE mineral loils-and then subjected to extreme pressure and anti-wear evaluation tests. These tests were conducted on conventional laboratory equipment and will not be described, their operations being well known to those skilled in the art. For example, anti-wear data were obtained on 'the Shell 4- ball wear tester while extreme pressure data were determined using the well-known Falex andShe1l4-ball'extreme pressure tester. Description of the Shell 4-ba1l testers may be found in an article by G. D. Boerlage, Engineering, vol. 136 (1933), p. 46 et seq. The Falex extreme pressure tester is described in Lubrication Engineering, September 1946, V. A. Ryan.
The tabulated comparative data following illustrates the extreme pressure and anti-wear effectiveness of the present invention when incorporated in a mineral base oil such as SAE 40:
Falex Shell-4-Ball Ex- Shell- Extreme Pressure Wt. A-Ball treme Per- Wear Pres- Additive cent Scar sure Addi- Di- Jaw Seizure Weld tive ameter Load at Load Load (mm.) Failure (Kg) (Kg) (lbs.)
None 734 600 50 140 Di(2 ethylhexyl) lauroxyethyl phosphonate 2 563 1, 750 100 180 Do 5 550 1, 750 90 180 Diethyl olexyethyl phosphate- 2 .609 1, 750 180 5 .685 l, 500 80 180 2 556 600 60 140 Do 5 504 600 60 140 SAE Hypoid gear oil (Commercial) 525 1, 750
11 Seizure may be defined as the load at which a significant [increase in wear scar diameter takes place.
b Weld may be defined as the load at which the balls fuse rtogethel.
Commercial tric-resyl phosphate imparts excellent antiwear properties to the mineral oil but is of no benefit in improving its extreme pressure characteristics.
In addition to the property of being able to withstand extreme pressure loads and wear there are other factors which must be considered in evaluating a lubricant. Among the most important is the tendency of the lubricant to corrode the containers in which it is stored and the bearings, gears and housings with which it comes in contact during use. The above tabulated data show the di(2-ethylhexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate and diethyl oleoxyethyl phosphate to compare satisfactorily with the commercial hypoid gear oil in extreme pressure characteristics, and only slightly inferior in anti-wear properties. However, commercial hypoid gear oil normally contains a minimum of approximately 15% of phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur type additives, the latter two being the most corrosive. It should be apparent therefore that the small quantities of phosphorus contained within the lubricity agents of the present invention, and the absence of any chlorine or sulfur additives, will not tend to corrode the metals as greatly as the commercial hypoid gear oil.
All values presented in the table are averages of five different measurements. Maximum variance among the five values was confined to within a 10% range. Although 2 and 5 weight percentages of the lubricity additives of the invention are presented only, it should be understood that intermediate additions were found equally satisfactory, that is, between 2 and 5 weight percentages.
From the data ,hreinaboveiset forth, it will become evident that the lubricity additives of the present invention, when confined within the prescribed range, improves both extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics of the mineral base oil. Further, its corrosive tendencies are considerably lower than the presently used commercial hypoid gear oil. Amounts of the respective lubricity additives below about 2 weight percent do not produce sufiicient advantageous effects to render the composite oil lubricant adequate for extreme pressure and anti-wear use. Similarly, if the' additive is incorporated with the mineral oil in quantities greater than about 5 weight percent, the composite lubricant shows no further improvement in the level of these properties and, in several instances, a slight decrease in levels results. I V
. We claim: 7
,7 1. A lubricant composition having good extreme pressure, anti-wear and anti-corrosive properties suitable for 4 p ,y I E W use in hypoid gear systems, said lubricant composition consisting essentially of 2 to 5 weight percent of di(2* ethylhexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate and the balance be ing an oil of mineral origin.
2. A lubricant composition having good extreme pressure, anti-wear and anti-corrosive properties suitable for use in hypoid gear systems, said lubricant composition consisting essentially of about 2 to 5 weight percent-of diethyl ole'oxyethyl phosphate and the balance being an 10 oil of mineral origin. 4
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,285,853 Downing a a1. June 9, 1942 2,478,441 Wiley Aug. 9, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS 560,741 Canada July 22, 19s
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION HAVING GOOD EXTREME PRESSURE, ANTI-WEAR AND ANTI-CORROSIVE PROPERTIES SUITABLE FOR USE IN HYPOID GEAR SYSTEMS, SAID LUBRICANT COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 2 TO 5 WEIGHT PERCENT OF DI(2ETHYLHEXYL) LAUROXYETHYLPHOSPHONATE AND THE BALANCE BEING AN OIL OF MINERAL ORIGIN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18777A US2996452A (en) | 1960-03-30 | 1960-03-30 | Lubricating oil composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18777A US2996452A (en) | 1960-03-30 | 1960-03-30 | Lubricating oil composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2996452A true US2996452A (en) | 1961-08-15 |
Family
ID=21789735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18777A Expired - Lifetime US2996452A (en) | 1960-03-30 | 1960-03-30 | Lubricating oil composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2996452A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2285853A (en) * | 1934-02-23 | 1942-06-09 | Du Pont | Lubrication |
| US2478441A (en) * | 1945-04-03 | 1949-08-09 | Du Pont | Vinyl phosphonocarboxylate esters and polymers thereof |
| CA560741A (en) * | 1958-07-22 | Bretschneider Horst | Process for preparing tertiary phosphoric acid esters |
-
1960
- 1960-03-30 US US18777A patent/US2996452A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA560741A (en) * | 1958-07-22 | Bretschneider Horst | Process for preparing tertiary phosphoric acid esters | |
| US2285853A (en) * | 1934-02-23 | 1942-06-09 | Du Pont | Lubrication |
| US2478441A (en) * | 1945-04-03 | 1949-08-09 | Du Pont | Vinyl phosphonocarboxylate esters and polymers thereof |
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