US2994214A - Ladies' stockings - Google Patents

Ladies' stockings Download PDF

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Publication number
US2994214A
US2994214A US75502A US7550260A US2994214A US 2994214 A US2994214 A US 2994214A US 75502 A US75502 A US 75502A US 7550260 A US7550260 A US 7550260A US 2994214 A US2994214 A US 2994214A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
held
stitches
stitch
stocking
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Expired - Lifetime
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US75502A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr David A Wood
Harry H Pease
Robert M Matthews
Rufus K Smith
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Chadbourn Gotham Inc
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Chadbourn Gotham Inc
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Publication date
Priority to NL263964D priority Critical patent/NL263964A/xx
Application filed by Chadbourn Gotham Inc filed Critical Chadbourn Gotham Inc
Priority to US75502A priority patent/US2994214A/en
Priority to GB6516/61A priority patent/GB974001A/en
Priority to ES0266589A priority patent/ES266589A1/es
Priority to FR863844A priority patent/FR1291282A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2994214A publication Critical patent/US2994214A/en
Priority to DE19611435141 priority patent/DE1435141A1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ladies stockings and a method of knitting same, and more particularly to ladies stockings wherein held and floated stitches are arranged throughout the stocking without interlooping of the held and floated stitches to produce unique and heretofore unrecognized characteristics that are particularly applicable to ladies stockings.
  • the stocking is of knit construction with held and floated stitches interspersed throughout the fabric at desired intervals and in a selected pattern to produce the desired characteristics.
  • the held and floated stitches are located in adjacent courses With the held stitch extending from one course through the adjacent course of the floated stitch and knitted with the loop of the next course beyond the floated stitch course.
  • the held stitch and floated stitch are not interlooped or tucked together and the floated stitch is not knit in the loops in the next course, but rather extend straight across the wale of the held stitch without obstruction, and is connected or looped-in with the loops in the wales of the held stitch course on both sides of the held stitch.
  • the arrangement of held and floated sitches according to the present invention permits unobstructed movement of the yarn through the loops as neither loop is locked with the other loop.
  • This is uniquely pertinent in ladies stockings to minimize or eliminate streaking that is present in stockings knit on machines Where some of the needles or sinkers or both are slightly bent or otherwise out of alignment, with the result that the wales knit by these needles and sinkers are not equally spaced between adjacent wales, which causes unequal distribution of the yarn and forms unsightly and undesirable vertical streaks, especially where the stitches are condensed, as at the ankle.
  • the yarn can shift or slide during boarding to adjust and reposition the wales in proper alignment, thereby minimizing streaking.
  • This ability to shift or slide provided by the present invention is further especially pertinent to ladies stockings as stockings are normally boarded on forms to shape the stocking to a general leg configuration and it is important that the stocking conform to the shape of the form particularly at the narrow ankle portion so that the stocking will fit properly on the leg of the wearer without wrinkles.
  • the yarn is not obstructed by tucks or otherwise, but is tree to shift or slide as the stitches in the narrowed portions, such as the ankle, are elongated when the stocking is pulled down on the boarding form to tighten the stocking about the boarding form.
  • the fact that the held and floated stitches are not looped or tucked together in the present invention provides an even distribution of the yarn without doubling or bulking as occurs in tucked or locked stitch arrangements.
  • the stocking of the present invention is much more sheer in appearance than stockings having tucked or otherwise combined stitches.
  • This even distribution also minimizes any pattern or other non-uniform appearance as the floating loop extends across the area left open by the held stitch and thus there are no conspicuous openings to create a noticeable pattern.
  • the uniform, non-bulking stitch arrangement provides a relatively flat surface that reduces susceptibility to snagging.
  • the stocking of the present invention snagged 15% less when tested on at DuPont Snag Tester.
  • any snags that do develop during manufacturing can be easily worked out by working the yarn back through the loops, which can not be done satisfactorily with a tucked stitch construction Where the yarn is locked against sliding at the tucked stitches.
  • Another significant feature of the present invention which is particularly pertinent to ladies stockings, is the stabilization of the fabric against twisting or twirling of the stocking tube, as from inclination of the stitches. Twisting or spiralling is resisted in the present invention by the weld stitch, which is not connected or knit in the floating stitch course but extends across that course and is knit in the next course. This extension of the held stitch and the tieing-in with a loop two courses away tends to hold the loops in walewise alignment and resists inclination of the wale. This feature is especially advantageous when knitting stretch stockings with lively, torque yarn, wherein the torque yarn causes the stitches to incline and would normally tend to twist or spiral the stocking.
  • the present invention can also be applied to support stockings, such as those disclosed and claimed in copending application Serial No. 74,369, filed December 7, 1960 to obtain the above advantages and, in addition, the support characteristic itself is considerably enhanced.
  • support characteristics can be obtained by controlling the various factors during construction of the stocking so that when the stocking is Worn the stitches will be pulled to sub stantially full distension and the yarn itself will resist further widthwise extension, thereby supporting the leg of the wearer.
  • the support stocking As the wearers leg is contoured with wide and narrow portions, such as the calf and ankle, it is desirable for the support stocking to have substantially full stitch distension at varying widths to obtain some support in the different areas of the leg, but it has been difficult, particularly in stockings knit on circular machines, to produce full stitch distension or even a tight fit at the narrow ankle and foot portions.
  • the reduction in the length of the yarn in the floating stitch courses caused by the floating stitches being straight rather than looped produces full distension of the stitches in the floating stitch courses at a reduced width of the stocking although the stocking can be initially knit to the same relaxed width.
  • the floating stitch courses do not include the relatively long held stitches except as may be necessary periodically to break an undesirable pattern effect.
  • the held stitches do not significantly add to the length of the yarn in the held stitch courses as the additional yarn required by the long held stitches is primarily drawn from the loops in the adjacent sinker wales, which loops are thereby shortened.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular type of yarn or any particular pattern repeat.
  • plain or raw yarn can be used or a lively, torque yarn can be used or a combination of raw and torque yarns in separate courses or in the same courses can be used.
  • the held and floated stitch pattern can be repeated coursewise and walewise in any sequence to produce specific results.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph of a stocking made according to the present invention and mounted on a leg form;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged photograph of the area indicated in dotted lines in the calf of the stocking of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating a similar portion of a stretch stocking embodying the present invention and having a plain, non-lively yarn in alternate courses and a combined lively, torque yarn and a nonlively, plain yarn in the other courses;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrating a similar portion of a support stocking embodying the present invention and having a lively, torque yarn and a plain, non-lively yarn combined in each course.
  • FIG. 1 A typical stocking made in accordance with the present invention is seen in the photograph FIG. 1 mounted on a leg form.
  • This stocking 10 has an upper welt portion 12, a central leg portion 14 that includes a calf portion 16 and ankle portion 18, and a foot portion 20.
  • the stocking has a desirable sheer appearance and does not show any undesirable pattern effect. This Sheerness and lack of apparent pattern is obtained by the present invention even in the relatively heavy denier and combined yarns of support-type stockings.
  • FIG. 2 The basic stitch arrangement of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a held stitch 22 and a floated stitch 24 are knit sequentially the same needle Wale 26 without interlooping or tucking of the floated stitch 24 with the held stitch 22.
  • the floated stitch 24 extends across the Wale 26 of the held stitch and is knit with the loops 28 in the needle wales 30 on both sides of the held stitch Wale 26.
  • the yarn 32 is not obstructed by any tucking and can slide or shift through the floated stitch 24 and the held stitch 22 to equalize the distribution and tension of the yarn throughout the circumference of the stocking.
  • the floated stitch 24 extends across the Wale 26 of the held stitch and is knit with the loops 28 in the needle wales 30 on both sides of the held stitch Wale 26.
  • the yarn 32 is not obstructed by any tucking and can slide or shift through the floated stitch 24 and the held stitch 22 to equalize the distribution and tension of the yarn throughout the circumference of the stocking
  • the held and floated stitches 22 and 24 of the present invention are knit by first knitting the course 36 of the held stitch 22 and holding the needle on which the held stitch is looped out of knitting position while knitting the floated stitch course 38 so that the floated stitch 24 is unknit, and then raising the needle having the held stitch thereon back into knitting position to knit the held stitch with the loop of the next course 38.
  • FIG. 2 The particular embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 is characterized by a repeating pattern wherein the held and floated stitches 22 and 24 are repeated every fourth Wale and every fourth pair of courses with the held and floated stitches progressing one Wale to the right for each pair of courses.
  • This particular pattern produces optimum characteristics in most applications of the present invention. Obviously an increase in the spacing between repeats would reduce the efiect of some of the features of the present invention, but satisfactory results can be obtained with numerous variations of the repeating pattern and it is to be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to any particular pattern.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are made with a non-lively or plain l5 denier monofilament nylon yarn in each course of the leg portion. It could also be made using a lively, torque l5 denier nylon yarn.
  • the denier and yarn types can be varied and the yarns can be combined as desired to produce suitable results in other types and variations of stockings.
  • FIG. 3 The present invention incorporated in a stretch stocking is illustrated in FIG. 3, wherein the courses 42 having the held stitches 44 are knit with a 20 denier monofilament non-lively or raw nylon yarn and the alternate courses 46 having the floated stitches 48 are knit with a two yarn combination of a 20 denier monofilament nonlively or raw nylon yarn 43 and a 30 denier monofilament lively, torque nylon yarn 45 that has been treated to impart a twist-torque of 26 turns per inch and a resulting liveliness factor of 14.9 (determined in accordance with the device and procedure disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,295,593, issued September 15, 1942 to John Blanchard Miles, In).
  • the held stitches 44 extend across the floated stitch courses 46 and are looped with the next course 50, the wales of the fabric are restrained from substantial twisting or twirling and i1 is possible to use only one torque yarn having a twist in only one direction in knitting the entire leg portion 01 the stocking rather than needing two oppositely twister yarns to balance the fabric as in most present conven tional stretch stockings knit with torque yarn.
  • This re sults in substantial economy as a raw yarn can be user as a substitute for a second and oppositely twisted torqur yarn and the difliculties of handling the yarns is greatly reduced during knitting.
  • the raw yarn also is advantageous as it shrinks during boarding and pulls the stocking in to hug the form so that a proper snug fit is obtained on the leg of the wearer even at the narrow ankle portion.
  • the above described sliding feature of the present invention facilitates this shrinkage to conform to the form.
  • the repeating pattern of this embodiment is identical to the pattern of the embodiment of FIG. 2, except that the held and floated stitch combination advances to the left each pair of courses.
  • each course is knit with a two yarn combination of one end 62 of 20 denier monofilament raw nylon yarn and one end 64 of 30 denier monofilament lively, torque nylon yarn that has been treated to impart a twist-torque of 26 turns per inch and a liveliness factor of 14.9, with the torque yarns in alternate courses being twisted in opposited directions.
  • the support effect using this construction is obtained from the strength of the yarns themselves and the dimensioning and knitting of the stocking so that the stitches are substantially fully distended when the stocking is extended to the width at which it is worn, as set out in the above referred to copending application.
  • the floating stitches 52 reduce the amount of yarn available for widthwise stitch distension as each floating stitch 52 takes the place of what would be a loop in a plain knit fabric and thus there is one less loop to be distended for each floating stitch 52.
  • the floating stitches 52 are in courses 54 that do not include held stitches 56 there is no additional yarn added to these courses to make up for the reduction due to the floating stitches and optimum results are produced.
  • the held stitches 56 themselves do not add significantly to the distendable length of the held stitch courses 58 as the additional yarn in the held stitches 56 is to a considerable extent pulled from the adjacent sinker wales 60.
  • the pattern illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 4 repeats a combination of held and floated stitches every four needle wales in a coursewise direction and every sixteen courses in a walewise direction with the pattern advancing two pairs of courses downwardly and one Wale to the right.
  • This particular repeat reduces the number of stitches to be distended in every fourth course by one fourth, as from 400 to 300 when knitting on a 400 needle machine.
  • this repeating pattern produces excellent support characteristics without a noticeable pattern appearance.
  • satisfactory results can be obtained with various other patterns and yarn combinations, either torque or plain or both.
  • a welt portion 12 (FIG. 1) is knit of conventional or any other desired construction
  • the leg portion 14 is knit using the stitch constructions and patterns described above, and the foot portion 14 is knit using the stitch construction and pattern of the leg portion if desired and including the usual reinforcements therein.
  • the specific details of machine adjustments and control to knit the stitches of the present invention are not included herein as any skilled mechanic can work out the details of machine adjustment from the description of the stitches and patterns. These stitches can be knit on circular knitting machines, flat bed machines, tricot knitting machines and any other machines where individual needles can be controlled to hold stitches.
  • a knitted support stocking comprising knitted courses having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales, said closely spaced courses having in each course a synthetic, pre-set, lively, torque yarn and a synthetic yarn that was raw when knit, whereby shrinkage of said raw yarn to provide support characteristics is facilitated by the held and floated stitch construction.
  • a knitted support stocking comprising knitted courses having in each course a synthetic, pre-set, lively, torque yarn and a synthetic yarn that was raw when knit, said courses having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales, whereby shrinkage of said raw yarn to provide support characteristics is facilitated by the held and floated stitch construction.
  • a knitted support stocking comprising knitted courses having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales, said floated stitches being knit in courses that have in each course a synthetic, pre-set, lively, torque yarn and a synthetic yarn that was raw when knit, said held stitches being tightly knit and drawing yarn from adjacent wales without substantially increasing the length of yarn in the held stitch courses, whereby shrinkage of said raw yarn to provide support characteristics is facilitated by the held and floated stitch construction.
  • a knitted support stocking comprising knitted courses having in each course a synthetic, pre-set, lively, torque yarn and a synthetic yarn that was a raw yarn when knitted, said courses having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with the combined held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales, said held stitches being tightly knit and drawing yarn from adjacent wales without substantially increasing the length of yarn in the held stitch courses, whereby shrinkage of said raw yarn to provide support characteristics is facilitated by the held and floated stitch construction.
  • a ladies stocking of knit construction having Welt, leg and foot portions, said leg portion being knit with a lively, torque yarn having a twist-torque in only one direction, said leg portion having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closelyspaced wales, said held stitches substantially preventing twisting of the stocking by the uni-directional twist-torque y 7.
  • a ladies stocking of knit construction having welt, leg and foot portions, said leg portions being knit substantially throughout with a lively, torque yarn having a twist-torque in only one direction, said leg portion having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales, said held stitches substantially preventing twisting of the stocking by the uni-directional twist-torque yarn.
  • a ladies stocking of knit construction having welt, leg and foot portions, said leg portions being knit with courses of lively, torque yarn having twist-torque in only one direction alternating with courses of yarn that was raw, non-torque when knit, said leg portion having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales, said held stitches substantially preventing twisting of the stocking by the uni-directional twist-torque yarn.
  • a ladies stocking of knit construction having welt, leg and foot portions, said leg portions being knit with courses having both a lively, torque yarn having twisttorque in only one direction and a yarn that was raw, non-torque, when knit, alternating with other courses of yarn that was raw, non-torque, when knit, said leg portion having dispersed therein held stitches combined with floated stitches, with said held and floated stitches occurring in closely spaced courses and in closely spaced wales,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
US75502A 1960-12-13 1960-12-13 Ladies' stockings Expired - Lifetime US2994214A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL263964D NL263964A (it) 1960-12-13
US75502A US2994214A (en) 1960-12-13 1960-12-13 Ladies' stockings
GB6516/61A GB974001A (en) 1960-12-13 1961-02-22 Improvements in knitted stockings
ES0266589A ES266589A1 (es) 1960-12-13 1961-04-14 Perfeccionamientos en la fabricaciën de medias
FR863844A FR1291282A (fr) 1960-12-13 1961-06-03 Bas fins et procédé pour les fabriquer
DE19611435141 DE1435141A1 (it) 1960-12-13 1961-12-13

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75502A US2994214A (en) 1960-12-13 1960-12-13 Ladies' stockings

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US2994214A true US2994214A (en) 1961-08-01

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US75502A Expired - Lifetime US2994214A (en) 1960-12-13 1960-12-13 Ladies' stockings

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US (1) US2994214A (it)
DE (1) DE1435141A1 (it)
ES (1) ES266589A1 (it)
GB (1) GB974001A (it)
NL (1) NL263964A (it)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027737A (en) * 1961-11-20 1962-04-03 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Non-run seamless hosiery
US3135104A (en) * 1961-04-10 1964-06-02 Burlington Industries Inc Stretch fabric and method of making the same
US3197978A (en) * 1962-07-09 1965-08-03 Berkshire Internat Corp Run-resistant hosiery and method of making the same
US3212297A (en) * 1962-03-16 1965-10-19 Vac Hosiery Corp Run-proof seamless hosiery and method of making same
US3238748A (en) * 1963-01-03 1966-03-08 Morpul Res Corp Ladies' seamless stocking
US3408833A (en) * 1965-09-28 1968-11-05 Vac Hosiery Corp Method of producing nonrun hosiery
US3415081A (en) * 1965-12-01 1968-12-10 Munsingwear Inc Machine for knitting non-torque fabric
US3464238A (en) * 1965-12-01 1969-09-02 Munsingwear Inc Nontorque knitted fabric
US3965702A (en) * 1973-11-07 1976-06-29 Findeisen Brothers Hosiery support

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE565687C (de) * 1931-07-26 1932-12-05 Fouquet & Frauz A G Maschenrad-Rundwirkmaschine zur Herstellung gemusterter Kulierware
US2022157A (en) * 1932-06-01 1935-11-26 Siegel David Nonrun knitted fabric
US2057375A (en) * 1932-06-15 1936-10-13 Louis Hirsch Textile Machines Knitted fabric and method for making the same
US2060882A (en) * 1934-12-01 1936-11-17 Charles R Henderson Knitted fabric
US2714757A (en) * 1955-03-18 1955-08-09 Chadolon Inc Method of producing a lady's stretchable and retractable stocking and the resulting stocking
US2720097A (en) * 1952-08-11 1955-10-11 Mond William De Surgical stocking

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE565687C (de) * 1931-07-26 1932-12-05 Fouquet & Frauz A G Maschenrad-Rundwirkmaschine zur Herstellung gemusterter Kulierware
US2022157A (en) * 1932-06-01 1935-11-26 Siegel David Nonrun knitted fabric
US2057375A (en) * 1932-06-15 1936-10-13 Louis Hirsch Textile Machines Knitted fabric and method for making the same
US2060882A (en) * 1934-12-01 1936-11-17 Charles R Henderson Knitted fabric
US2720097A (en) * 1952-08-11 1955-10-11 Mond William De Surgical stocking
US2714757A (en) * 1955-03-18 1955-08-09 Chadolon Inc Method of producing a lady's stretchable and retractable stocking and the resulting stocking

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3135104A (en) * 1961-04-10 1964-06-02 Burlington Industries Inc Stretch fabric and method of making the same
US3027737A (en) * 1961-11-20 1962-04-03 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Non-run seamless hosiery
US3212297A (en) * 1962-03-16 1965-10-19 Vac Hosiery Corp Run-proof seamless hosiery and method of making same
DE1282223B (de) * 1962-03-16 1968-11-07 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Rundgestrickter Strumpf
US3197978A (en) * 1962-07-09 1965-08-03 Berkshire Internat Corp Run-resistant hosiery and method of making the same
US3238748A (en) * 1963-01-03 1966-03-08 Morpul Res Corp Ladies' seamless stocking
US3408833A (en) * 1965-09-28 1968-11-05 Vac Hosiery Corp Method of producing nonrun hosiery
US3415081A (en) * 1965-12-01 1968-12-10 Munsingwear Inc Machine for knitting non-torque fabric
US3464238A (en) * 1965-12-01 1969-09-02 Munsingwear Inc Nontorque knitted fabric
US3965702A (en) * 1973-11-07 1976-06-29 Findeisen Brothers Hosiery support
USRE29706E (en) * 1973-11-07 1978-07-25 Findeisen Brothers Hosiery support

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Publication number Publication date
DE1435141A1 (it) 1968-10-31
NL263964A (it)
ES266589A1 (es) 1961-08-01
GB974001A (en) 1964-11-04

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