US2989956A - Intake manifold for v engines and the like - Google Patents

Description

`lune 27, 1961 Filed Oct. l. 1954 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTo .si E i .,.rz'rz 47'] June 27, 1961 w. E. DRINKARD x-:rAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD FOR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. l. 1954 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 27, 1961 w. E. DRINKARD ETAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD FOR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 1. 1954 8 Sheets-Sheet. 5

June 27, 196,1 w. E. DRINKARD EVAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD FOR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Oct. 1. 1954 w. E. DRINKARD ETAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD FOR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE June 27, 1961 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed OCT.. 1. 1954 l INVENToR June 27, 1961 w. E. DRINKARD ETAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD EoR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed 061'.. l. 1954 8 lSWts-Sheet 6 zz w. WZ /M m i /w www June 27, 1961 w. E. DRINKARD ErAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD FOR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. l. 1954 June 27, 1961 w. E. DRINKARD ETAL 2,989,956

INTAKE MANIFOLD PoR v ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. l, 1954 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 l-H. f

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IN VEN TORS 34 E. l E MEI/m fraz/VII@ tentant;aenaiaafiraient 'sealantafneemt; numbers. Qf.; cylinders and will'tadant -therrlslies inthe y a :Filed oct. 1', 19s4,`ser.aNe. 459,168. I a 2s claims@v (01.-. 12s-,122)V This invention -,.re12\tts t9, t engines having opposedlbanks V engines.4 It particularly-concern A K. marlifrildv YStructure., 4fQr V; engrle fwhicrhr factory distribution of the airfuelmixture to K fA the engine; .which .is easy' tQpCasLaW and which can utilize exhaustygaS-.Qr-,liau t spotheating.'n 1 a y i Manifold Astructures .',currentlyffmade for? V nginesvY 1, 'i fnector means also makesgpossiblY Yequah,distancesrom use there dssirsxofa single Qr- PLr'I-ralty,Otrcarburetotst each of one or"'1nore barrels and without any changegn crqrrrplratiorrarrthe nduitsystemf `vii-the manifoldeiother than -tO- prQYdea YCorrect-rirlrrrber*f irrtakegfrrisers which, advantageously may all be of the same height, a fact 0f iorrsiderable importance. :from the .fstandpoi tribufi9r1ar1d-ma9bining-i. t a Y he Singleplaneaarrangemcn COIldlll 0,1175

thezpeint 0r V:peints rafapririspalglairY fuel; Supplyatm the Cylinders ,fMoreQver, fit; is foundthat fwithfmriltiplecar-: huretienaQQr-alevel irrterwruleetion;afy the conduitgroupsf also KVmakes .,possible.,.betterA controlY of athe, liquid fuelemploy a system of interleavedairffuel-conduitsdesigtied to provide good-,distribution toA lthe enginelcylinders f1-,oniv a carburetor 'having oneor.-I more balrels. jWhileproduiV tive of good'vresults, suchamani'folds'rrequre complexgand relatively heavy castings, when,-, as generallyJ Visa-the 7 case,J they areamade in onepiece.y onsiderable" dicult'-jsand; core work is necessaryinrmakingfthe `patterns;and''in casting) and this Y 'isV costly. afgMoreoyen .the` linterleaved character of the; conduits producesga manifold fhaving a rather high silhouette. Vsuch that r Y-thefmanifoldk doesnot,` lenditself lto Vapplicationsywheregheight space-atfaf premium or ,tot tit into marine: applications: ywhererthe anfglie ofgrinstallation gof; the: i engine vis oftentimes g'regitiand,4

height space available is limited. The highsilhouettev of 4the conventional. iconsnfuctionrhas :also :made`A itggdicult in someiinstancesa'to replacealitieengine?,installationsJ invention may be adapted tonie-casting. f 1

applicable to manifold constructions-fvyhe're ia= multiple; barrelgsupply Carburetor feeds :totheamidpoint 'offs the interconnection and .-whereithe floorof `the,interconnetz't'ore may bei `designed to, provide suitablerliquidtfuel; datnmingf means, Thesingleplaneconstruction aforesaidf facilitates;v theu/se ofiwider flatsectionsLinntheconduiksystem -withae out excessive turn restrictions and by propen design and; selectionv lof; l the casting lsplitli'ne the manifoldsvv of our ria-The isinjgle planeacharacter of -therconditi'andl connections of our manifolds moreover pertnts the'segregation of hot spotheating to ftheprimary distribution z'oneofathe airfuel .mixtureat the ,intake i risers :thusf' avoiding funde-: sirableVV heat-ing1 of anyjo'neconduitl orV heating of 5 one :toi the exclusion4 :of zaanother; where suchxis. notgspecicallys desired and may be conveniently adapted to `either exhaust:-` gasg'orliquidcoolant-lieatingiV 12. .if

provide.; in engines-ofzthe itypeidescribed 'intake E'mani-j` with atv engine. '1r-In many caseslgit'has been necessary; l

fuelconduits Yoffrdirectly oppositeacylindersintocgroups; if preferably not exceeding four conduits, with thegcon-Iy duits of each Lgroup in acomxnongvertical plane andfconvergingrat a common intersection,;andby arrangingthesev groups ina substantially common vertical plane LVandinf:- terconnecting the groups at their intersections byrfcontluit:` means inthe same planewasrthe conduitsof.4 theigroupsg: ThusA in the; Casfof 2111v S-cylindera-Vfengineeforexample' the manifldbrsrrches will berransed initwoaconnected Sets '.Of'X formatirrrarrdfwill thrrspreserlt a-sirrglenlans:

connected XX construction.

By -reaSQrr ofthis 1ro-relsqrrstrrrctorrempigyine a'fsnl plane` or. floor level interconnectionjo the onduitsfjthe;

niarrifels. @flair jiniemirr willhere e mwen airen restriction than manifolds `xivherfce, Aa struction is.lemployed;.-Will-apresentva aldistinct j fd 'antage inthe contro o constructionsv ysubrstarntiali therjmanifldsivillrb trrrarrrf@ 'asha'nd accelerator pamp requirements; ,wilt leadithjefasetvfe'st. toi d fuelftrabs'suchlthat fold;of singlel planer-'character `throughoutits airfuelfsconflgduit systemtfacilitating the attainmentl of alowesilhouetw andflow air-110Wrestriction;A

intheprevious' object,A in'` which f the vconduits have La commonfloorlevel andv may; for instance'iby da improved'liquid-fuel control.; i gf: L

Arfurtheriobject is toprovide a-man'ifold struc engines having opposedf cylinder Abanks. whereih'ithef cori-T duti branches of .the fairfuelfconduitsystem' which' fe'edl` l Siderable Ser/irre 0f, metalfrarrdfweiit arri; "rlfrfrr irri a gen'erally common 'lhorizontalplane Vtherewith'fand prvider passages 'of substantially equalflengt ein th' risente the-iint'akevawe port/sof the engine f';suufonefb1enmanovre man@ n s naar. sefforthin` the previos"'objects"which*are lparticularly .Sti11 1. another abject iS-10, providea: Sirrpl; @irre-'piede manifold structure'` of `thegtypes; in the :foregoing objects:

L to which either exhaust heat or liquid coolantrheatingnf;

y A vis"engineshavingfau"tha-air-fuarcndn *i common Aplan p r f re ,em-Bodi the -risenLdistribution:fzonecuiiiayyrbe applied ifo VVengine Warm-upf" ffii: Y :if a", A further sliecific objectis 5to provid a lrnanifold' (for i1L afgenerallyf X'X andv arranged -tofsimiilat'e a:l conn f L ""Othe'robjects and* advantages be apparent from .111@150119Y V'8 engines of current manufacture, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is an end elevational view partly in section of an overhead valve V engine of current manufacture embodying the novel intake manifold system of our invention and is shown provided with a single barrel downdraft carburetor and exhaust gas heating of the intake riser hot spot;

@FIGURE 2 is a plan View of the intake manifold shown in FIGURE 1 as applied to an S-cylinder V engme;

FIGURE 3 is an end elevational view taken from the fan end of the engine and partlyV in section, of the intake manifold of FIGURE 2 illustrating the single plane character of the air-fuel conduits;

FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal cross sectional elevation of the manifold of FIGURE 2 through the intake riser and showing a portion of the carburetor feeding the same, this section being taken at 4-4 of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 5 is a schematic view of an S-cylinder V engine of the type in FIGURE 1 and employing the manifold of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 6 is a schematic view of an 8-cylinder V engine of the type shown in FIGURE 1 provided with the novel single plane XX manifold of our invention fed by a central single barrel carburetor and provided with means for heating the intake hot spot by the coolant uid of the engine;

FIGURE 7 is a plan View of the intake manifold employed in the engine of FIGURE 6;

-LFIGURE 8 is a longitudinal side elevational view of the'manifold of FIGURE 7;

FIGURE 9 is a cross sectional elevation taken at 9 9 of FIGURE 7 through the intake riser and -hot spot cornpartment of the manifold of FIGURE 7 and showing a single barrel downdraft carburetor mounted on the intake riser seat;

FIGURE l is a cross sectional elevational view taken longitudinally of the manifold of FIGURE 7 on the line 10-10 through the intake riser, primary air-fuel conduit and hot spot compartment, it illustrating the liquid coolant passages for heating the riser throat and the distribution zone of the primary air-fuel passage as well as showing the vreturn conduit for the liquid coolant;

FIGURE 1l is'a cross sectional view taken at 11-11 of FIGURE 7 showing the air and steam bleed passages for the liquid coolant hot spot heating system;

f FIGURE 1,2 is a cross sectional view taken at 12-12 of FIGURE 7V through a pair of branches of the air-fuel mixture feeding system and through one of the bleed passages and showing the cross-sectional shape thereof;

FIGURE 13 is a plan View of the intake manifold of our invention of FIGURES 6 and 7 modiiied to provide for feeding of air-fuel mixture by a dual carburetor and utilizing a floor dam liquid fuel control and a modified form of hot spot heating by the liquid coolant of the engine;

FIGURE 14 is an end elevational view of the manifold of FIGURE 13 broken away to show in section a portion of air-fuel passages and the distribution zone at the intersection thereof;

FIGURE'IS is a transverse section of the manifold of FIGURE 13 taken at 15-15 of FIGURE 13 through the dual intake riser primary distribution zone and hot spot compartment and showing the return passage for the liquid coolant;

FIGURE 16 is a longitudinal section taken at 16--16 of FIGURE 13 through one of the intake risers and through the primary and secondary distribution air-fuel zonesV and showing the hot spot compartment passages for heating the foregoing during warm-up;

FIGURE 17 is a transverse section taken at 17-17 of FIGURE 13 through the liquid coolant intake passages for the hot spot compartment;

FIGURE 18 is a schematic view of the manifold of our invention as shown in FIGURES 1, 2, and modilied to provide for feeding of the engine by a pair of concentric downdraft carburetors with exhaust gas heating applied to each of the intake riser hot spots; and

FIGURE 19 is a further modification of the manifold of our invention of FIGURES l, 2, and 5 providing for air-fuel feeding by three concentric downdraft carburetors, only the central one of which has its intake riser hot spot heated by exhaust gas of the engine.

Referring now to the drawings wherein similar numerals are used to designate similar parts of the intake manifold structure and system of our invention we have, as stated above, illustrated our invention as -applied to a water-cooled V-8 engine of current manufacture, This engine is provided with a so-called two-plane 90 crankshaft, hemispherical combustion chambers, and with suitable carburetion illustrated as of the downdraft type, FIGURES 1 and 5 for example, illustrating the use of a single barrel carburetor of the downdraft type arranged to provide substantially uniform distribution of air-fuel mixture to the cylinders of the opposite banks of the engine.

As seen in the drawings, especially FIGURES 1 and 5, the engine has two banks 9 and 9a of cylinders 10, four in each bank, arranged at 90 in a cylinder block 11 to which cylinder heads 12 and 12a are secured and provided with hemispherical type combustion chambers 13 immediately above each cylinder 10. The cylinders of each bank are preferably aligned longitudinally of the engine and the cylinders of the opposite banks are preferably offset longitudinally relative to each other.

For convenient reference, the cylinders of the left hand cylinder bank. which is to the left looking forward from the ywheel end of the engine, are numbered 1, 3, 5, and 7 respectively, starting such numbering at the fan end of the engine, and those of the right hand cylinder bank are numbered 2, 4, 6, and 8 respectively, these numbers appearing integrally of the cylinder representations in FIGURE 5.

Each cylinder is provided with a piston 14 reciprocable therein and operatively connected to a crankshaft 15 by a connecting rod 16 and wrist pin 17. Crankshaft 15 may be of any of the conventional types, but preferably is an inherently balanced shaft, for example, a 90 two-plane crankshaft having double crank throws arranged 90 apart.

The hemispherical combustion chambers 13 of the cylinders 10 are by preference each provided with a single inlet opening or port 18 closed by an inlet valve 19 and with a smaller single exhaust outlet or port 20 closed by an exhaust valve 21, these valves being arranged transversely of the longitudinal axis 22 of the engine and at a substantial angle, for instance, 60 to each other, and preferably. on a great arc of the spherical segment forming the combustion chamber 13. As seen in FIGURE 5, for instance, all of the inlet openings 18 are in longitudinal alignment and all of the exhaust openings 20 are similarly arranged.

f The inlet and exhaust valves of both banks of the engines are operable from a single camshaft 24 located above the crankshaft 15, the camshaft actuating suitable tappet mechanism associated with the push rods 25 and 26 of the inlet and exhaust valve mechanisms respectively, which in t-urn actuate respectively the inlet valve rocker arms 27 and exhaust valve rocker arms 28, these rocker arms actuating in turn the normally spring held closed valves 19 and 21.

lReferring now iirst to FIGURES l, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the intake manifold of our invention which is designated by the numeral 29 generally comprises left and right side mounting or flange portions 30, 32 respectively, connected. by conduit means to be described with a carburetor mounting and jacketed air-fuel distribution or hot spot section i generally referred to by the numeral 34.

Theside mounting portions 30, 32 extend longitudinally ofthe engine and have-bottom faces 36, 37 respectively which converge downwardly toward each other at an angle of about 120 and seat, as seen in FIGURE 1, upon the inner similarly angled faces 38, 39 of the cylinder heads 12, 12a respectively, through intervening gaskets 40.

The jacketed air-fuel intake section 34 in FIGURE 2 is shown as a generally central section having a top wall portion 41 (FIGURES l, 2, and 3) provided with a mounting pad 42 on which is secured by bolts 43 with an intervening gasket means 44 and air-fuel supply device here shown as a single barrel downdraft carburetor 45, although other types updraft, or downdraft, and with side or concentric air cleaners may be used.

The carburetor 45 has a vertical cylindrical barrel or passage 46 from which gas or air-fuel mixture may be delivered to a relatively short vertical intake riser or passage 48 on the axis 22 which opens through the pad 42 of the central section 34 t0 form a continuation of the barrel 46. The amount of gas or air-fuel mixture delivered to the riser 48 may be controlled by a throttle member 50 having a throttle blade 51 located in the barrel 46 and adapted to assume predetermined positions therein between fully open and fully closed throttle.

The intake riser 48 is preferably of cylindrical shape and intersects with a generally horizontally extending primary conduit generally referred to by the numeral 52 of rectangular section which provides an air-fuel distribution zone 54 into which the riser 48 opens. The primary conduit 52 has portions 56, 58 (FIGURE 2) extending on opposite sides of the riser 48 to secondary distribution zones 60, 62 respectively, the zone 60 being formed by the intersection of the primary conduit portion 56 with a group or system of branch conduits 63, 64, 65, and 66 at the forward engine end of the manifold and the zone 62 being formed by the intersection of the primary conduit portion 58 with a second group or system of branch conduits 67, 68, 69, 70 at the rearward engine end of the manifold.

As seen in FIGURE 2, each of the aforesaid two groups of branch conduits is arranged in a letter X and the two groups together form a connected double X, being connected centrally longitudinally by the primary conduit 52 and outwardly i.e., at the outer ends of the branch conduits by the manifold mounting anges 30, 32.

The branch conduits 63, 64 of the forward group provides passages 72, 73 respectively, which extend from the distribution zone 60 to openings 74, 75 in the flange 32 Where they connect with the intake passages 76 for cylinders 2 and 4 of the right hand cylinder bank. Branch conduits 65, 66 provide passages 78, 79 respectively extending from the same zone 60 to openings 80, 81 in the flange 30 where they connect with the intake passages 76 for cylinders 1 and 3 of the left hand bank. Similarly, the branch conduits 67, 68 of the rearward group provide passages 82, 83 which extend from the distribution zone 62 to openings S4, 85 in the flange 32 where they connect with intake passages 76 for the cylinders 6 and 8 of the right hand bank and branch conduits 69, 70 provide passages 86, 87 respectively extending from zone 62 to openings 88, 89 in the ange 30 for connection with the intake passages 76 for cylinders 5 and 7 of the left hand cylinder bank.

As seen in FIGURE 3, all of the branch air- fuel conduits 65, 66, 69, and 70 on the left side of the intake manifold 29 of the engine are in the same general horizontal plane i.e., if superimposed in that view they would coincide and the same is true of the conduits 63, 64, 67, and 68 at right side of the manifold, these being mirror images respectively of those on the left side. These conduits as shown in FIGURE 2 all extend obliquely with respect to the central axis 22 of the manifold and as stated in a generally horizontal plane transversely of the engine which is also the plane of the primary conduit 52 and dip downwardly slightly at their outer ends where they connect with the manifold mounting flanges 30, 32. The described conduit system vastly simplilies the problem of 6 pattern making and casting. The pattern will be simple in structure and all cores will be interconnected and will have ample support at their outer ends so as to facilitate the obtaining of clean castings with conduit walls of uniform thickness and thin as possible. The conduit arrangement, moreover, will produce a manifold of materially reduced weight and will facilitate the obtaining of a low silhouette, a factor of considerable importance in current motor vehicle design. It will also make pos-sible substantially equal distances between the riser 48 and the intake ports 18 of the engine cylinders.

The hot spot section 34 of the intake manifold in FIG- URES l to 5 includes transverse passage and chamber means connecting with the engine exhaust system for conducting exhaust gas of the engine into heat transfer relationship with the riser and its distribution chamber zone 54 of the primary air-fuel conduit 52 for heating the air-fuel mixture during engine warmup. This is accomplished under control of a heat valve 92 shown in FIG- URE 1 located in the exhaust pipe 93 between the exhaust manifold 94 of the right hand cylinder bank and the connection of the pipe 93 with the exhaust pipe 95 connecting with the exhaust manifold 96 of the left hand bank of the engine.

The section 34 comprises a central compartment or chamber 98 (see FIGURES l, 2, 3) of generally U-shape transversely and elliptical in plan straddling and jacketing the sides and bottom of the primary conduit 52 and distribution zone 54, and a pair of opposite offset conduits 99 and 100 extending between the chamber 98 and the mounting flanges 30, 32 respectively, of the manifold.

As seen in FIGURE 2, the primary conduit 52 passes completely through the chamber 9S `and :the conduits 99 and 100 are somewhat narrower than the chamber 98 and are of rectangular section, these yconduits being oifset from each other longitudinally of the manifold by reason of the offset between vthe cylinder banks and making the construction of one side of the manifold symmetrical with that of the other side. The conduits 99 and 100 provide passages 101, 102 respectively terminating in apertures 103, 104 in the flanges 30, 32 which passages conneet the chamber 98 with the exhaust crossover passages 105, 105a (FIGURES l and 5) of the cylinder heads at said apertures 103, 104. The crossover exhaust passages 105, 105a in turn connect with the exhaust manifolds 96 and 94 respectively.

As seen in FIGURES 1 and 4, the bottom Wall 106 of the distribution chamber 54 of the primary conduit 52 and the bottom Wall 107 of the chamber 98 define the base of the U-shape of the chamber and the side walls 108, 109 of the conduit 52 (see FIGURE l) and the outer elliptical wall 110 of the chamber 9S define the legs of the U chamber. I-t will be noted from FIGURE 4 that the space 111 between the walls 106 and 107 of the chambers 54 and 98 is of an elongated rectangular shape, such providing a cross-sectional area substantially equal to that of the passages 101, 102 of the hot spot structure.

In operation of the engine, the exhaust gases will normally be discharged by way of the exhaust manifolds 94, 96 and pipes 93, 95 to a main ourtlet pipe, not shown, at such time Ias the valve 92 is open and there will be some slight movement of exhaust gases to the various crossover passages described above. During warmup, however, the valve 92 will be closed and in these circumstances the hot exhaust gases of the right hand cylinder bank will be diverted through the crossover passage 105a to the inlet passage 102 of the chamber 98 where the gases will strike the wall 109 of the air-fuel distribution chamber 54 turned down and under the floor 106 of this chamber 54 and out the discharge passage 101 and through the crossover passage 105 of the left hand cylinder bank to the exhaust manifold 96 and out the pipe 95. Accordingly, in this movement of the exhaust gases the walls 106, 108 and 109 will be heated by the exhaust gases and transfer their heat to the -air-fuel mixture fed 7 to 4the distribution chamber 54 by the carburetor 45. f

FIGURE 5 schematically shows for completeness the liquid coolant system of the engine embodiment in FIG- URE 1 such being independent of the intake manifold in View of the use of exhaust gas hot spot heating. As seen, a pump 120 circulates liquid coolant to the cylinder block 9 of the engine through conduits 122, 124 from which it passes to the cylinder heads 12, 12a through internal passages not shown, and is returned to the pump by means of conduits 126, 128 under control of a bellows-type valve 130. When the valve port 132 is closed, as shown, which is during engine warmup, the liquid coolant enters the valve body structure 133 and returns to the pump intake side by the bypass conduit 134. When, however, port 132 of the valve 130 is open, the liquid coolant flows past the port 132 and through a conduit 136 Ito the top side of the engine radiator 137 and down through the cells of the radiator returning to the intake side of the pump by a conduit 138.

FIGURE 5 also schematically shows the engine distributor timing mechanism 140 arranged to deliver current to re the spark plugs 142 according to a firing order l, 2, 7, 5, 6, 3, 4, 8 which numerals represent the cylinder members of the engine shown inside of the cylinder circles in FIGURE 5. It will be understood that other firing orders may be employed in connection with the manifold of this invention.

In FIGURES 6 to l2 inclusive, we have illustrated a V-8 engine having an intake manifold 29a utilizing the novel XX intake manifold of our invention in a form which provides heat transfer to the hot spot area comprising the carburetor riser and primary distribution zone, by the liquid coolant of the engine. The arrangement broadly features a mid-manifold liquid coolant compartment jacketing the riser and primary air-fuel distribution conduit; a pair of offset transversely extending inlet conduits providing passages connecting the opposite cylinder heads with the heating compartment; a central longitudinally extending liquid coolant return passage; and air and steam bleed means between the latter and the cylinder heads of the engine, all as more particularly shown and claimed in the `copending application of Philip M. Rothwell Serial No. 447,805, filed August 4, 1954 and to which reference is made for any `essential structure omitted in this description. This feature is possible of application to our novel XX manifold, without adversely affecting the basic simplicity of the XX manifold construction and its advantages.

Referring especially to FIGURES 7 to 9, -a liquid coolant heat transfer compartment 34a comprising a chamber 151 having a substantially U-shape portion, straddles the bottom 106 and lateral sides 108, 109 of the primary airfuel conduit 52 at the primary air-fuel distribution zone 54-and rings the riser 48. Between the compartment 34a Land the mounting flanges 30, 32 respectively, are transverse offset liquid coolant inlet conduits 152, 153 which provide passages 154, 155 leading from the leg portions of the chamber 150 and terminate in apertures 156, 157 coinciding with outlet passages 158, 159 of the water jackets or galleries of the cylinder heads 12 and 12a respectively, intermediate the middle cylinders 3 and 5 of the cylinder head 12 Iand intermediate the middle cylinders 4 and 6 of the cylinder head 12a.

It will be evident from FIGURES 9 and l0 thast the hot liquid coolant entering the chamber 150 from the cylinder heads by Ithe inlet passages 154, 155 not only transfers heat to the walls of the primary air- fuel conduit 5,2, but also iows around and transfers heatrto the wall 160 of the riser 48 at the annular liquid coolant space or gallery 161 (FIGURE 10) connecting with the legs 162, 163 of the chamber 150. The liquid coolant then discharges from the gallery 161 `into the chamber or passage164 of aconduit 165 extending longitudinally of the manifoldon the central axis 22thereof and immediately riser 48 from the above the primary air-fuel conduit 52 with which it has a common wall 166 and returns the liquid coolant to a valve housing 133 (see FIGURES 6 and 8) seated over a top aperture 167 of conduit 164 from which it passes to the return side of the pump under control of a bellows-type valve located in this housing.

It will be evident from the schematic showing in FIG- URE 6 that when the valve 130 is open, the Warm liquid coolant flows past the valve port 132 through the conduit 136 to the radiator 137 and back to the return side of the pump by the lconduit 138 and that when the valve 130 is closed, the liquid coolant bypasses the valve port 132, it then discharging from the valve housing 133 to a bypass conduit 134 connecting with the return side of the pump 120.

Air and steam bleed means in the form of conduits 169, 170 extend between the mounting anges 30, 32 and the discharge conduit 165 adjacent the high end of the engine cylinder head and manifold, these conduits dening small tubular passages 171, 172 connecting the discharge cham.- ber 164 with the liquid coolant jackets or galleries 158, 159 of the cylinder heads 12 and 12a (see FIGURE ll).

The operation of the liquid coolant heating system is such that in warming up a cold engine, the valve 13) will be closed such that liquid coolant heated by the cylinder head combustion will be circulated by the pump 120 to the cylinder block 9 from which it is directed by internal passages to the heads 12, 12a and from there to the heat transfer compartment 34a by the cross inlet conduits 152, 154 and returned to the pum-p by way of the discharge chamber 165,.housing 133 and conduit 134. As previously mentioned, :the hot circulating liquid coolant impinges upon the side walls 108, 109 of the primary airfuel yconduit 52, heats the floor 106 of this conduit in illing the compartment, rises in level in the chamber to heat the surrounding Wall 160 of the riser 48, and leaves by the discharge chamber 164 of the conduit 165. The heat transferred by the hot liquid coolant to the aforesaid wall structures is transferred to the air-fuel mixture passing through the riser 48 and primary distribution zone 54. In the event that `air or steam pockets tend to form in the cylinder heads 12 and 12a, the bleed passages 171, 17 2 between the cylinder heads and the discharge chamber 164 provide a means of escape therefor and thus prevent any interruption in the smooth operation of the engine.

When lthe engine is up to temperature, the valve 130 opens and the greater portion of the liquid coolant returns to the pump 120 by way of the radiator 137. The construction of the air-fuel distribution system in the modification in FIGURES 6 to l2 `is otherwise the same as that discussed above in connection with the structure of FIG- URE 2.

In FIGURES 13 through 17 inclusive, we have shown our novel XX manifold construction of FIGURE 2 ernbodied in a manifold arrangement 29h providing for feed of the air-fuel intake system by a double barrel carburetor and which further differs in utilizing a liquid coolant heat transfer arrangement, the latter materially differing from that employed in the manifold of FIGURE 7 insofar as the manner of `circulating the hot liquid coolant in the manifold itself is concerned. Moreover, this construction incorporates a floor dam for liquid fuel control.

Thus the manifold in FIGURE 13 has opposite mounting flanges 30 and 32 similar to those of the manifold of FIGURE 2, and two similar sets of conduits connected by ya conduit 52a on the axes 2.2 and arranged to form an XX figure, one set or group comprising the similar conduits 63, 64, 65, and 66, and the other the similar conduits 67, 68, 69, and 70. As evident from FIGURE 14, all of the conduits 63, 64, 67, and 68 on one side of the manifold are in the same general elevational plane and the same is true of fthe conduits 65, 66, 69, and 70 at the opposite side of the manifold. Moreover, both sets of conduits lare in the same elevational plane and in the same elevational plane as the vconduit 52a and preferably have a common floor, generally designated by the numeral 174 as seen in FIGURE 16. The manifold 29h is fed by a dual barrel carburetor 175 mounted on a central rectangular pad 42a and having its barrels 176, 177 coinciding with fthe intake riser passages 48a, 48b of the manifold, the latter passage being defined by cylindrical substantially vertical wall portions 178, 179, 180 which extend downward-ly from the pad 42a to intersect with the conduit 52a into which they open at the primary distribution zone 54a which is the full width of the conduit 52a which in turn has la width suicient to encompass the two riser passages. As seen in FIGURE 13, the air-fuel conduit 52a intersects with the sets of branch conduits forming each X in further distribution zones 69 and 62 similar to those of FIGURE 2. It will be evident that in operation the air-fuel mixture from the risers 48a and 48h will be distributed by the primary conduit 52a to the distribution points 60 and 62 and thence to the branch passages forming each X. The carburetor may be controlled to have both its barrels discharge their air-fuel mixture into the conduit 52a during all operations of the engine or the barrels may be staged such that initially one barrel only will discharge its air-fuel mixture into one riser, for instance the riser 48a for distribution to' the cylinders and subsequently Lat a predetermined engine speed or load condition, the second barrel will come into play such that both barrels discharge their air-fuel mixtures into the conduit 52a by their respective risers of the manifold.

It will be noted that the floor 174 is provided in the conduit 52a with a pair of short upstanding transverse ribs or protuberances 180:1 and 18017 of the risers 48a and 48b (see FIGURE 13). These ribs form dams for controlling distribution of the liquid fuel and facilitate best use of the interconnecting conduit 52a for multiple carburetion. The ribs 1S9a and 180b of each pair are preferably laterally spaced to provide a recess or gateway 180C for drainage.

Heat transfer to the hot spot comprising the intake risers and distribution chamber 54a is effected by a liquid coolant heat transfer compartment v181 which jackets the risers 48a, 48h, and conduit 52a and generally comprises a U-shaped chamber generally referred to by the numeral 182 and best seen in FIGURE 15 which jackets the conduit 52a -transversely over its full length and which includes a left side leg portion 183, a base portion 184, and upper and lower right leg portions 1-85a, 185b divided by a floor 186. In addition, rectangular passages l87a, 187b on opposite sides of the intake risers 48a, 48h interconnect the upper end of leg portion 183 with the leg portion 185:1. The hot liquid coolant for the compartment 181, chamber -182 enters the manifold at its forward or high end through cylindrical apertures 188, 1-89 in the mounting anges 3G and 32 respectively (see FIGURE 17) from water passages '190, 191 in the cylinder heads 12 and 12a. As seen in FIGURES 13 and 17, suitable conduits 192, 193 extend from the flanges 30, 32 respectively to connect with the hot spot compartment 181. It will be evident from FIGURE 17 that the conduit 192 comprises a transversely extending horizontal passage portion 194 of generally rectangular shape located intermediate the air- fuel conduits 65, 66 corresponding to the cylinders 1 and 3 of the engine and starting at the aperture 188, this passage turning rearwardly and downwardly at the position 195 and connecting with a short somewhat flattened rectangular passage -196 having a cross sectional area substantially that of the passage 194, the passage 196 in turn connecting with the base portion 184 of the chamber 182 by an inlet 197.

The inlet conduit 193 has a similar but opposite passage system to that of the conduit 192 it providing a transversely extending passage 198 which turns downwardly and rearwardly at the position 199 and connects with the base 184 of the U chamber 182 of the compartment 180 by a flattened rectangular passage 200 opening into the bottom portion 184 of the U chamber by an aperture 201 as seen in FIGURE 15.

The hot liquid coolant entering the compartment 181 from the conduits 192 and 193 will fill the U-shaped chamber 182 thereof, the hot liquid coolant rising first in the base 184 and leg portions 183 and 185b and through an aperture 202 of the floor 186 in the leg 185a and flowing around the intake risers by way of the passages 183:1, 18311 of which the riser walls 178, 179 form a part. The liquid coolant after rising in the chamber 182 discharges at the right side of the manifold intermediate the air- fuel conduits 64, 68 for the cylinders 4 and 6 by means of a conduit 206 providing a passage 207 which connects with the leg 185a and with the leg 185b through aperture 202 of the chamber 182, and which passage 207 extends transversely of the manifold and upwardly at a portion 208 provided by a wall portion 209 connecting with the mounting flange 32 and terminates in an aperture 210 above the level of the legs 183, 185a of chamber 182 in a seat or pad 211 arranged to receive a hose connection (not shown) in turn connecting with the casing 133 of the control valve 130 shown schematically in FIGURE 6, for circulation tothe return side of the pump during warm-up and to the radiator 137 during normal operation of the engine following warm-up, it being understood that a similar liquid coolant delivery and return system is used in connection with the manifold of 'FIGURE 13 as that illustrated in FIGURE 6, the thermostatic valve and its casing 133 in the case of the FIGURE 13 manifold being generally located adjacent the radiator 137.

In order to provide for drainage of liquid coolant from the manifold 29!) for engine storage, a drain passage 215 closed by a plug 216 is provided below the air-fuel conduits and connects with the base portion 184 of the chamber 182.

It will be evident from FIGURES 15 and 16 that the hot liquid coolant will transfer heat to the walls 215, 216, 217, 218, 219 of the conduit 52a as well as the walls 178, 179, of the riser passages 48a and 48b so as to transfer heat to the air-fuel mixture flowing in the risers 48a, 48b and the conduit 52a during warm-up of the engine. It will be evident that with the arrangement in FIG- URE 13 any air or steam trapped in the cylinder heads 12, 12a may readily escape by Way of the conduits 1.92, 193 and the discharge conduit 206.

In FIGURES 18 and 19, We have schematically shown further modifications of intake manifolds for V-8 engines applying our XX manifold construction. The manifold in FIGURE 18 provides for the mounting of a pair of single barrel carburetors (not shown) one at the intersection of the air-fuel conduits of each X of the manifold immediately above the distribution zones 60, 62 respectively. The manifold in FIGURE 19 illustrates how our invention may be applied to a manifold mounting three in-line single barrel carburetors (not shown). Each of the manifolds in FIGURES 18 and 19, as in the case of that in FIGURE 5 is shown to utilize the exhaust gases of the engine for heating the riser hot spot of the intake system, the modification in FIGURE 18 disclosing an arrangement for conducting hot exhaust gases to each riser and that in FIGURE -19 merely disclosing the heating of the central carburetor riser. It will be understood that the liquid coolant heating features of FIGURES 7 and 13 are also applicable to these modifications.

Referring now more particularly to FIGURE 18, it will be observed that the riser 220 directly connects with the distribution Zone 62 formed at the intersection of the conduits 67, 68, 69, and 70 and that the riser 222 connects with the distribution zone 60 of the intersecting airfuel conduits 63, 64, 65, 66. -In order to improve the air-fuel distribution to the individual cylinders and obtain as nearly equal fuel-air ratios as possible at the individual cylinders, the intake risers 220 and 222 are interconnected by a conduit or tube 226, preferably in the plane of the conduits. To provide for heating of the riser passage and primary distribution zone during warm-up of the engine, a compartment 230 jackets the intersecting portions of the conduits 67, `68, 69, and 70 as well as the riser Wall portion 232 and a portion of the connecting tube 226 and a similar compartment 236 jackets the intersecting portions of the conduits 63, 64, 65, and 66, the wall portion 238 of the riser 222 and the adjacent connecting portion of the tube 226. Hot exhaust gases are provided to the manifold in the manner described with respect to the arrangement in FIGURE by the cylinder head exhaust crossover passages 105, 105a which connect with transverse conduits 240, 242 of the manifold extending transversely of the engine intermediate the cylinders 3 and 5 of the left hand bank, and cylinders 4 and 6 of the right hand bank respectively. As seen in FIGURE 18, the conduit 240 connects with the compartments 230 and 236 respectively by branch conduits 244, 246 and that the conduit 242 similarly connects with the compartments 230 and 236 by branch conduits 248, 250. During engine Warm-up the hot exhaust gases from the right hand cylinder bank Will move through the conduit 242 to the compartments 230 and 236 to heat the wall portions of the air-fuel system surrounded by these compartments and transfer heat to the air-fuel mixture and will leave by the conduit 240 and cross passage 105 for discharge into the exhaust manifold 96 of the left hand bank of the engine as previously described in connection with the arrangement in FIGURE 5.

Referring now to FIGURE 19, this modification is provided with the intake riser passages 220 and 222, as in FIGURE 18, and with a third intake riser passage 260 formed by a cylindrical wall 262 and the lower end of which passage 260 is closed. Suitable conduits or tubes 270, 272 in the plane of the conduits interconnect the pairs of risers 220 and 260 and 260 and 222 respectively. It will be evident that the carburetor discharging into the riser 260 will have its air-fuel mixture delivered by the tubes 270, 272 to the risers 220 iand 222 respectively to increase the amount of air-fuel mixture delivered to the distribution areas 60, 62 of the X formations of the manifold. It will be understood that the carburetors feeding this manifold may be staged such that initial operations of the engine commence with the carburetor feeding the riser 260 and that at a given speed or load of the engine, the carburetors feeding the risers 220 and 222 may be cut in to supplement the engine air-fuel feeding or conversely the carburetors feeding the risers 220, 222 may be cut in rst and that feeding the riser 260 cut in later.

Heating of the air-fuel mixture during engine warm-up is provided in this modification in a manner similar to that in FIGURE 5 by providing a chamber 280 jacketing the manifold intake riser 260 and portions of the connecting tubes 270 and 272, this chamber 280 connecting by means of the transverse conduits 282, 284 extending intermediate the cylinders 3 and 5 of the left hand bank, and 4 and 6 of the right hand bank with the exhaust gas crossover passages 105, 10511 of the cylinder heads 12 and 12a as previously described in connection with the arrangement in FIGURE 5.

From the foregoing description of our invention, it will be apparent that we have provided a novel and simple intake manifold for V engines having an XX formation and which is adapted to many different engine feeding arrangements and is capable of assuring excellent performance of the engines of which it is a part. It will Hence these and all other Ychanges 12 and modifications and equivalent structures coming within the purview of our invention are contemplated.

We claim:

1. An intake manifold for a multicylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, a liquid coolant gallery, passage means connecting said gallery with said mounting face, and air-fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite ange portions for mounting said manifold to the said mounting faces of said cylinder heads, `a single passage central air-fuel conduit having air-fuel riser means, coplanar groups of branch air-fuel conduits connecting with each end of said central conduit and in susbtantially the plane thereof, each of said groups arranged in the form of a letter X and having their connection with said central conduit at the intersection of the branch conduits of such groups, said branch conduits defining passages for conducting air-fuel mixture to said delivery passages of said heads, a liquid coolant compartment jacketing said central conduit at said riser means, liquid coolant intake conduit means extending transversely of said manifold between said compartment and said opposite mounting portions and defining passages connecting said compartment with certain of said passage means of said galleries at said mounting faces, liquid coolant return conduit means extending longitudinally of said manifold from said compartment to adjacent one end thereof and defining passage means for conducting liquid coolant from said compartment, and bleed conduit means extending transversely of said manifold between said return conduit means and said mounting portions and defining passage means connecting said liquid coolant return passage means with other of said passage means of said galleries at said mounting faces.

2. An intake manifold for a multicylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, a liquid coolant gallery, passage means connecting said gallery with said mounting face, and air-fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite flange portions for mounting said manifold to the said mounting faces of said cylinder heads, a single passage longitudinally extending central air-fuel conduit having airfuel riser means, coplanar groups of branch air-fuel conduits connecting with each end of said central conduit and in substantially the plane thereof, each of said groups arranged in the form of a letter X and having their connection with said central conduit at the intersection of the branch conduits of such groups, said branch conduits defining passages for conducting air-fuel mixture to said delivery passages of said heads, a liquid coolant compartment jacketing said central conduit at said riser means, liquid coolant intake conduit means extending transversely of said manifold between said opposite mounting portions and one end of said compartment longitudinally of said manifold and defining passages connecting said compartment with certain of said passage means of said galleries at said mounting faces, liquid coolant return conduit means extending transversely of said manifold ybetween a side of said compartment and a mounting flange portion of said manifold and defining passage means for conducting liquid cool-ant from said compartment to the top side of said manifold.

3. An intake manifold for a multicylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, a liquid coolant gallery, passage means connecting said gallery with said mounting face, andtair-fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite flange portions for mounting said manifold to the said mounting faces of said cylinder heads, a central longitudinally extending single passage air-fuel conduit having a pair of transversely arranged air-fuel riser means connecting therewith, coplanar groups lof branch air-fuel conduits connecting with each end of said central conduit and with said flange portions and being in substantially the plane of said central conduit, each of said groups arranged in the form of -a letter X and having their connection with said central conduit at the intersection of the branch conduits of such groups, said branch conduits dening passages for conducting air-fuel mixture to said delivery passages of said heads, la liquid coolant compartment jacketing said central conduit at said riser means, liquid coolant intake conduit means extending transversely of said manifold between said opposite mounting portions and one end of said compartment and defining passages connecting said compartment with certain `of said passage means of said galleries at said mounting faces, liquid coolant return conduit means extending transversely of said manifold between a side of said compartment and a mounting flange portion of said manifold and defining passage means for conducting liquid coolant from said compartment to the top vside of said manifold.

4. An intake manifold for a multicylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, an exhaust gas cross-over passage, and air-fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite flange portions for mounting said manifold to said mounting faces of the cylinder heads, a central longitudinally extending -air-fuel conduit, coplanar groups of branch airfuel conduits connecting with each end of said central conduit and with said mounting flanges and being substantially in the plane of said central conduit, each of said groups arranged in the for-m of a letter X and having their connection with said central conduit at the intersection of the branch conduits of such groups, said ybranch conduits defining passages for conducting air-fuel mixture to said delivery passages of said heads and there being only one of said groups of branch conduits having one of its passages connecting with any one delivery passage of said heads, an air-fuel intake riser at the intersection of the branch conduits of each group and a further intake riser intermediate the ends of said central air-fuel conduit, a heating compartment jacketing a portion of said central conduit at said intake riser thereof, and transverse heating conduit means connecting opposite sides of said compartment with the angc portions of said manifold at said sides, said transverse heating conduit means terminating in openings in said flange portions which openings are adapted to coincide with the inlets of said exhaust crossover passages of said cylinder heads.

5. An intake manifold for V engines comprising a primary distribution conduit having opposite ends, la fuel intake port opening into the top side of said conduit intermediate said ends, a plurality of branch conduits connecting with each end of said primary conduit, said primary and vbranch conduits having bottom oors substantially in the same horizontal plane, and a shallow fuel dam on the'floor of said primary conduit below said fuel intake port.

6. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, a fuel intake riser opening into the top side of said conduit for facilitating the delivery of fuel thereto, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said conduit ends and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, and a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal `openings adjacent the sides of said manifold, each of said terminal openings adapted to register with theintake passage of a different cylinder and each of said branch conduits having a length greater than its width.

7. An intake manifold for Va V engine comprising a unitary structure including a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, a fuel intake riser opening into the top side of said conduit for facilitating the delivery of fuel thereto, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said conduit ends and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, and a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings adjacent the sides of said manifold, each of said terminal openings adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, the said conduits of each of said group of elongated branch conduits simulating legs of a letter X with their connecting distribution zone.

8. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, a fuel intake riser opening into the top side of said conduit for facilitating the delivery of fuel thereto, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said conduit ends and connecting therewith, said yzones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having ther top and bottom walls dening part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively if said manifold, and a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom in the plane of said zones to terminal openings adjacent the sides of said manifold, each of said terminal openings adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X in arrangement, and each of said branch conduits having a length greater than its width.

9. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting anges, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, a fuel intake riser opening into the top side of said conduit for facilitating the delivery of fuel thereto, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, and a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely Itherefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting anges, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting distribution zone and half of said branch conduits of each group connecting with terminal openings in one mounting flange and half connecting with terminal openings in the other mounting ange.

l0. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting flanges, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining port of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting anges, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, fuel intake riser means opening into each of said distribution zones through the said top wall thereof and each of said branch conduits having a length greater than its width.

11. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite longitudinally extending mounting flanges, a plurality of groups of substantially coplanar elongated conduits interconnecting with said ange portions and defining passages having apertures in said flange portions adapted for registration With the intake passages of different cylinders of said engine, a longitudinally extending horizontal distribution conduit in substantially the same plane as said groups of conduits and having opposite ends, Wall means dening a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting with that end to which it is adjacent and connecting with the conduits forming one of said groups of conduits at the intersection of the conduits forming such group, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting distribution zone and said distribution zones having their top and bottom Walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, and fuel intake riser means extending through the top surface of said manifold and opening into at least one of said distribution conduit end zones.

l2. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting flange portions, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, Wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom wall dening part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting anges, each terminal opening being adapted to register with'the intake passage of a cylinder and there being only one of said conduits connecting with any one intake passage of said engine, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting `zone with half of said branch conduits of each group connecting with one mounting tiange portion and half connecting with the other mounting flange portion and there being fuel intake riser means opening through the top Wall of each of saidtdistribution zones for supplying fuel thereto.

13. An intake manifold for a V-engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting flange portions, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution contduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, fuel intake riser means on said manifold for supplying fuel to said distribution zones, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said kdistribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting Harige portions, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X and those conduits forming opposite legs of said letter X being in substantial alignment.

14. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including'opposite mounting flange por- 1'6 tions, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, Wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom Walls deiining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, fuel intake riser means opening, into each of said distribution zones, and a separate group of elongated brauch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones .and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting ange portions, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X and those conduits formingopposite legs of said letter X being in substantial alignment.

15. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting ange portions, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, a plurality of fuel intake risers opening into saidY conduit intermediate said ends, the said conduit providing a common conduit for said risers, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manfold, the said distribution zones receiving fuel only through said distribution conduit, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting iiange portions, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder and there being only one conduit of said groups of branch conduits connecting with any one intake passage of said engine, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting distribution zone and half of said branch conduits of each group connecting with one mounting flange portion and half connecting with the other mounting flange portion. l

16. An intake manifold for a V engine comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting flange portions extending longitudinally of said manifold, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, fuel riser means opening into the top side of said distribution conduit for 'facilitating a delivery of fuel thereto, Wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends only of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom Walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting flange portions, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, each .of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting distribution zone with half of said branch conduits of each group connecting with one mounting flange portion and half connecting with the other mounting iiange portion, and a heating compartment defined in part by said distribution conduit and riser means and in part by Wall means spaced from said distribution conduit for providing a heat exchange zone for fuel passing through said distribution conduit.

17. An intake manifold for a multi-cylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, a passage for conducting a fluid heating medium to said manifold and air fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting fac@ @11d .the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said 17y manifold comprising opposite mounting flange portions for mounting said manifold to said mounting faces, of said cylinder heads, a single generally central longitudinally extending generally horizontal distributionconduit having opposite ends, wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said distribution conduit and having theirV top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, a separate group of elongated branch lconduits connecting with each Aof said distribution zones' and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting ange portions, each of said branch conduits connecting through its said terminal opening with a different air fuel mixture delivery passage of said heads, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting zone and having half of its said branch conduits connecting with one mounting flange portion and half connecting with the other mounting ange portion, heat transfer compartment means jacketing the sides and bottom portion of said distribution conduit and conduit means connecting opposite sides of said compartment means with the mounting ange portion of said manifold nearest thereto, said last mentioned conduit means terminating in openings in the said flange portions adapted to connect with the said uid passages of said heads.

18. An intake manifold for a multi-cylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, uid heat supply passages, and air fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve parts of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite ange portions for mounting said manifold to said mounting faces of said cylinder heads, a single central longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit having opposite ends, Wall means dening a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls dening part of the top and bottom surface respectively of said manifold, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with each of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom substantially in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting anges, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its said connecting zone and having half of its said branch conduits connecting with one mounting ange portion and half connecting with the other mounting flange portion, air fuel intake riser means opening through the said top wall of said distribution zones adjacent the intersection of said groups of branch conduits with said zones, a heat exchange compartment jacketing each of said distribution zones at said riser means and uid heat conduit means extending from each flange portion of said manifold and connecting with each of said heat transfer compartments, said heat conducting conduits having apertures in said flange portions of the manifold adapted to connect with the said heat supply means of said heads.

19. An intake manifold for a multi-cylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, an exhaust gas crossover passage, and air fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite flange portions for mounting said manifold to said mounting faces of said cylinder heads, a single longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit having opposite ends, Wall means defining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zones being substantially coplanar with said distribution conduit and having their top and bottom Walls defining part of the top and bottom surgroups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting zone and having half of its branch conduits connecting with one mounting flange portion `and half connecting with the other mounting flange portion, each of said branch conduits having a terminal opening in said mounting flange connecting with a different air fuel mixture delivery passage of said engine, intake riser means opening through the said top wall of each of said distribution zones for supplying fuel to said branch conduit, a heating compartment jacketing each of the intersections of said riser means and distribution zone and conduit means extending from each flange portion of said mani- -fold and having branches connecting with each of said heating compartments, said heating conduit means having apertures in said ange portions of the manifold adapted to connect with said exhaust gas crossover passages of said cylinder heads.

20. An intake manifold for V engines comprising a primary distribution conduit having opposite ends, a fuel intake port opening into said conduit intermediate said ends, a plurality of branch conduits connecting with each end of said primary conduit, said primary and branch conduits having bottom floors substantially in the same horizontal plane, a shallow fuel dam on the floor of said primary conduit adjacent said fuel intake port, and a recess in said dam providing for fuel drainage therefrom.

21.V An intake manifold for a multi-cylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads comprising a unitary structure including opposite mounting flange portions, a longitudinally extending generally horizontal distribution conduit, said conduit having opposite ends, wall means delining a distribution zone adjacent each of said ends of said distribution conduit and connecting therewith, said zone being substantially coplanar with said conduit and having their top and bottom walls defining part of the top and bottom surfaces respectively of said manifold, a separate group of elongated branch conduits connecting with Veach of said distribution zones and extending transversely therefrom in the plane of said zones to terminal openings in said mounting flanges, each terminal opening being adapted to register with the intake passage of a different cylinder, each of said groups of branch conduits simulating a letter X with its connecting zone and having half of its said branch conduits connecting with one mounting flange portion and half connecting with the other mounting flange portion, an air fuel intake riser adjacent the intersection of the branch conduits of each group and its said distribution zone, and a further intake riser intermediate the ends of said distribution conduit, heat transfer compartment means jacketing a portion of said distribution conduit at its said intake riser thereof and uid heat conduit means connecting opposite sides of said compartment with the ange portions of said manifold, said uid heat conduit means terminating in openings in said flange mounting portions which openings are adapted to coincide with uid heat supply passage means in the cylinder heads of said engine.

22. An intake manifold for a multi-cylinder engine having opposite cylinder heads, each of which is provided with a mounting face for said manifold, a liquid coolant gallery, passage means connecting said gallery with said mounting face, and air fuel mixture delivery passages between said mounting face and the intake valve ports of the cylinders; said manifold comprising opposite ange portions for mounting said manifold to the said mounting faces of said cylinder heads, a central air fuel conduit having air fuel riser means, coplanar groups of elongated branch air fuel conduits connecting with each end of said central conduit and in substantially the plane thereof, each of said groups of conduits arranged in the form of a letter X and having their connection -with said central conduit at a distribution zone situated at the intersection of the branch conduits of such groups, said branch conduits defining passages for conducting air fuel mixture to said delivery passages of said heads, a liquid coolant compartment jacketing the central conduit at said riser means, liquid ycoolant conduit means extending transversely of said manifold ibetween said manifold mounting portion and said compartment, and adjacent one end of said compartment longitudinally of said manifold and further liquid coolant conduit means extending transversely of said manifold between said compartment and said mounting portion of said manifold and spaced longitudinally of the manifold from said iirst mentioned liquid coolant conduit means, certain ofV said liquid conduit means connecting with'said gallery passage means.

v23. In an engine having a cooling system containing a coolant in heat absorbing relation with said engine and a heat exchanger for dissipating the heat absorbed by said coolant, the combination of an intake manifold having distribution passages therein, a jacket in said manifold for placing said coolant in heat exchanging -relation with Said distribution passages, connecting'means for interconnecting said jacket with said cooling system and with said heat exchanger, said connecting means including valve means movable between two positions, said valve means when in one of said positions directing the ow of coolants from said cooling system into said jacket and when Vin the other of said positions directing the flow of coolants from said cooling system into said heat exchanger, thermostatic means for moving said valve means from one of said positions to the other of said positions in response to the temperature of said coolant.

24. An intake manifold for a V-type internal combustion engine having angularly disposed banks of cylinders, said manifold comprising a member having a longitudinally extending distribution passage and transversely extending branch passages having the centers thereof communicating with the opposite ends of said distribution passage, the opposite ends of said branch passages forming ports in the sides of said manifold to communicate with individual cylinders, a primary carburetor riser disposed in the center of said member and having a primary charge supplying passage intersecting the center of said distribution passage for supplying a combustible charge during all phases of operation, secondary carburetor risers disposed remote from'said iirst riser and having secondary Vcharge supplying passages communicating with the junctions of the distribution and the branch pasages for supplying secondary charges thereto during certain operating conditions.V

25. An intake manifold Vfor a V-type internal combustion engine having angularly disposed banks of cylinders, said manifold comprising a member having a longitudinally extending distribution passage and a pair of transversely extending branch passages having the centers thereof interconnected with the opposite ends of said distribution passage, the opposite ends of said branch passages forming ports in the sides of said manifold to communicate with individual cylinders, a primary carburetor riser disposed in the center of said member and having a primary charge supplying passage intersecting the'center of` said distribution passage -for supplying a combustible charge during all phases of operation, secondary carburetor risers disposed remote from said first riser Vand having secondary charge supplying passages communicating with the junctions of the distribution and 'the branch passages for supplying secondary combustible charges thereto only during certain operating conditions, means for heating the portion of said distribution passage adjacent the intersection of said primary charge supplying passage and said distribution passage.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,012,902v Barkeij Aug. 27, 1935 2,098,424 Kolimbat Nov. 9, 1937 2,124,403 McIntyre July 19, 1938 2,260,309 Funderburk Oct. 28, 1941 2,603,199 Moseley July 15, 1952 2,686,506 Carpentier et al. Aug. 17, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 515,410 Great Britain Feb. 28, 1938 834,158 France Aug. 8, 1938

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