US2980529A - Method of making aluminum killed steel - Google Patents
Method of making aluminum killed steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2980529A US2980529A US626822A US62682256A US2980529A US 2980529 A US2980529 A US 2980529A US 626822 A US626822 A US 626822A US 62682256 A US62682256 A US 62682256A US 2980529 A US2980529 A US 2980529A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- steel
- alloy
- ladle
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloys and methods of making steel and particularly to an addition alloy for imparting cold and hot ductility and for the addition of aluminum to steel with the formation of little or no alumina.
- the steel industry has for a long time been faced with the problem of alumina segregation in aluminum killed steels.
- deep drawing sheet steel such as is used in automobile body forming has presented recurring problems of alumina inclusion and unsatisfactory cold ductility.
- substantially pure aluminum is added in the ingot mold in the form of pellets or bars. Substantial quantities of alumina are formed by the interaction of the aluminum and oxygen in the molten metal and considerable quantities of this alumina are trapped and held as undesirable alumina segregation.
- the alloy of the present invention has the following broad range of composition:
- the single preferred alloy composition is about 20% rare earth metal and 80% aluminum.
- the alloy is preferably added to the steel in the form of pellets or balls weighing between /2 ounce and 3 ounces, or in notch bars weighing l pound to 5 pounds.
- the alloy is added to the ladle before tapping the steel into the ladle in amounts between about l /2 poundsto 5 pounds per ton of steel, preferably about 2 /2 pounds per ton of steel.
- the alloy may be added to molds. preferably by hanging the alloy in the form of a rod in the central area of the mold and pouring the steel into the mold around the alloy rod.
- a bifurcated heat of steel was poured into two ladles of about 170 tons each. In one ladle 850 pounds of conventional 95% aluminum -(810 pounds aluminum) was added. In the other ladle 900 pounds of the alloy of the'present invention'containing 10% rare earth metals and 90% aluminumwas' added '(810 pounds-of aluminum). Analysis showed that the steel in the ladle containing ordinary aluminum obtained an aluminum efliciency of 11.7% and a residual aluminum of 0.026. The steel from the ladle treated with the alloy of the present invention showed a 23% efliciency on the aluminum and an aluminum residual of .05. Comparison of these two steels makes it quite clear that the alloy of the present invention is capable of improving the eificiency of the aluminum additions by about 100% with the residual aluminum increased to about double that which can be expected from conventional aluminum additions.
- the method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steel comprising the steps of adding to a ladle about 1 /2 to Spounds per ton of steel, an alloy of about 4% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts, pouring into the ladle a molten bath of steel to be killed and thereafter teeming the molten product into molds.
- the method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steel comprising the steps of adding to a ladle about 3 /2 pounds per ton of steel, an alloy of about 4% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts, pouring into the ladle a moldenbath of steel to be killed and thereafter teeming the molten product into molds.
- the method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steels comprising the step of suspending a rod of an alloy of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts spaced'from the walls of an ingot mold, teeming molten steel about. the rod until the mold is filled and holding the metal in said mold until solidification occurs.
- the method of reducing alumina segregation'and' imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steels comprising the steps of. adding about 1% pounds to 5 pounds per ton of an alloy of about 10% to 30% and holding the metal in said mold untilsolidification OCCUIS. v
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
United States Patent o METHOD OF MAKING ALUMINUM STEEL LED William E. Knapp and Wilbur T. Bolkcom, Allison Park,
Pa., assignors to American Metallurgical. Products Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a partnership of Pennsylvama This invention relates to alloys and methods of making steel and particularly to an addition alloy for imparting cold and hot ductility and for the addition of aluminum to steel with the formation of little or no alumina. The steel industry has for a long time been faced with the problem of alumina segregation in aluminum killed steels. In particular, deep drawing sheet steel, such as is used in automobile body forming has presented recurring problems of alumina inclusion and unsatisfactory cold ductility. In ordinary aluminum killed steels, substantially pure aluminum is added in the ingot mold in the form of pellets or bars. Substantial quantities of alumina are formed by the interaction of the aluminum and oxygen in the molten metal and considerable quantities of this alumina are trapped and held as undesirable alumina segregation.
We have found an alloy by means of which steel may be aluminum killed and yet be free of those undesirable alumina segregations and at the same time have improved hot and cold ductility, particularly expressed in the form of improved impact values, improved reduction of area and elongation and improved plasticity at rolling temperatures The alloy of the present invention has the following broad range of composition:
70% to 96% aluminum 4% to 30% rare earth metals About 80% to 90% aluminum to 20% rare'earch metals The single preferred alloy composition is about 20% rare earth metal and 80% aluminum.
We have found that the alloy is preferably added to the steel in the form of pellets or balls weighing between /2 ounce and 3 ounces, or in notch bars weighing l pound to 5 pounds. Preferably, the alloy is added to the ladle before tapping the steel into the ladle in amounts between about l /2 poundsto 5 pounds per ton of steel, preferably about 2 /2 pounds per ton of steel. We have also found that the alloy may be added to molds. preferably by hanging the alloy in the form of a rod in the central area of the mold and pouring the steel into the mold around the alloy rod.
We have found that the alloy of the present invention and the practice outlined hereinabove makes possible the almost complete elimination of alumina and'alumina in clusions. We have also found that cold ductility is markedly improved so that the steels are more adaptable to difficult forming jobs.
We have found also that there is a greater efficiency in the use of the alloy of the present invention over ordinary aluminum used for killing steel. The efliciency of 2" the present invention is perhaps most clearly set out by the following example:
A bifurcated heat of steel was poured into two ladles of about 170 tons each. In one ladle 850 pounds of conventional 95% aluminum -(810 pounds aluminum) was added. In the other ladle 900 pounds of the alloy of the'present invention'containing 10% rare earth metals and 90% aluminumwas' added '(810 pounds-of aluminum). Analysis showed that the steel in the ladle containing ordinary aluminum obtained an aluminum efliciency of 11.7% and a residual aluminum of 0.026. The steel from the ladle treated with the alloy of the present invention showed a 23% efliciency on the aluminum and an aluminum residual of .05. Comparison of these two steels makes it quite clear that the alloy of the present invention is capable of improving the eificiency of the aluminum additions by about 100% with the residual aluminum increased to about double that which can be expected from conventional aluminum additions.
We have set out hereinabove certain preferred compositions and practices according to our invention. However, it will be understood that the invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following.
claims.v
We claim:
1.. The method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steel comprising the steps of adding to a ladle an alloy of about 4% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts,
- pouring into the ladle a molten bath of steel to be killed and thereafter teeming the molten product into molds.
2. The method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steel comprising the steps of adding to a ladle about 1 /2 to Spounds per ton of steel, an alloy of about 4% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts, pouring into the ladle a molten bath of steel to be killed and thereafter teeming the molten product into molds.
3. The method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steel comprising the steps of adding to a ladle about 3 /2 pounds per ton of steel, an alloy of about 4% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts, pouring into the ladle a moldenbath of steel to be killed and thereafter teeming the molten product into molds.
4. The method of reducing alumina segregation and imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steels comprising the step of suspending a rod of an alloy of about 10% to 30% rare earth metals and the balance aluminum with usual impurities in ordinary amounts spaced'from the walls of an ingot mold, teeming molten steel about. the rod until the mold is filled and holding the metal in said mold until solidification occurs.
5. The method of reducing alumina segregation'and' imparting hot and cold ductility to aluminum killed steels comprising the steps of. adding about 1% pounds to 5 pounds per ton of an alloy of about 10% to 30% and holding the metal in said mold untilsolidification OCCUIS. v
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,818,556 Iaeger et a1. Aug. 11,1931
I (Other references on following page)- UNITED STATES PATENTS Greenidge Apr. 5, Rohn et a1. Jan. 17, Andrieux Mar. 26, Sarbey Feb. 10, Phelps Oct. 17, Wever et a1. Mar. 29',
FOREIGN PATENTS Great Bfitain Jan. 27, France Mar. 12,
OTHER REFERENCES Rare Metals Handbook, Hampel, 1954, pages 343-344. 7
Aluminum in Iron and Steel, Case and Van Horn, 1953, 5 pages 46-47.
Constitution of Binary Alloys, Hansen, McGraW- Hill Book Company, New York; pages 78-79, 1024-3, 2nd ed., 1958.
. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2 980529 April 18, 1961 William Ea Knapp et alo that error appears in the above: numbered pat- It is hereby certified ent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent, should read as "corrected below.
line 4.9 for "earch" read We earth Column 1 for "molden" read m molten column 2 line 47 Signed and sealed this 12th day of September 1961,
(SEAL) Attest:
W. SWID ER v DAVID L. LADD I I Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer USCOMM-DC-
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF REDUCING ALUMINA SEGREGATION AND IMPARTING HOT AND COLD DUCTILITY TO ALUMINUM KILLED STEEL COMPRISING THE STEPS OF ADDING TO A LADLE AN ALLOY OF ABOUT 4% TO 30% RARE EARTH METALS AND THE BALANCE ALUMINUM WITH USUAL IMPURITIES IN ORDINARY AMOUNTS, POURING INTO THE LADLE A MOLTEN BATH OF STEEL TO BE KILLED AND THEREAFTER TEEMING THE MOLTEN PRODUCT INTO MOLDS.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US626822A US2980529A (en) | 1956-12-07 | 1956-12-07 | Method of making aluminum killed steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US626822A US2980529A (en) | 1956-12-07 | 1956-12-07 | Method of making aluminum killed steel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2980529A true US2980529A (en) | 1961-04-18 |
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US626822A Expired - Lifetime US2980529A (en) | 1956-12-07 | 1956-12-07 | Method of making aluminum killed steel |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3119159A (en) * | 1961-09-27 | 1964-01-28 | Gustad P Contractor | Method of removing aluminum oxides from aluminum-killed steels and steels produced by such method |
US3215814A (en) * | 1963-05-12 | 1965-11-02 | Air Reduction | Welding of high yield strength steel |
US3837842A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1974-09-24 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | A method for projecting pieces of a deoxidizing agent into molten steel |
US3871870A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1975-03-18 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel |
US3922166A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1975-11-25 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Alloying steel with highly reactive materials |
US3925061A (en) * | 1969-07-15 | 1975-12-09 | Asea Ab | Steel manufacture |
US4162159A (en) * | 1978-04-18 | 1979-07-24 | Malashin Mikhail M | Cast iron modifier and method of application thereof |
US4244736A (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1981-01-13 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Yttrium containing alloys |
US4289533A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1981-09-15 | National Research Institute For Metals | Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel |
US4560406A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-12-24 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for refining of chromium-containing molten steel |
US5000782A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1991-03-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Powder mixture for making yttrium enriched aluminide coatings |
US20060260719A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2006-11-23 | Toshiaki Mizoguchi | Steels product reduced in amount of alumina cluster |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1818556A (en) * | 1927-12-17 | 1931-08-11 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Method for the purification of iron and steel |
US2113021A (en) * | 1935-02-25 | 1938-04-05 | Charles T Greenidge | Method of making aluminum alloys |
US2144200A (en) * | 1936-06-27 | 1939-01-17 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Method of manufacturing siliconiron alloys |
US2194965A (en) * | 1937-07-28 | 1940-03-26 | Electrochimie Electrometallurg | Process for the manufacture of complex silicon alloys |
US2272779A (en) * | 1939-12-27 | 1942-02-10 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Flash lamp |
US2360717A (en) * | 1942-11-27 | 1944-10-17 | Cerium Corp | Method of eliminating aluminate and silicate inclusions |
US2705196A (en) * | 1952-02-20 | 1955-03-29 | Manufacturers Chemical Corp | Process for de-oxidizing a molten metal |
FR1118336A (en) * | 1955-01-12 | 1956-06-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for improving the mechanical properties of metals of groups iva, va and via the periodic system, which are altered jointly or separately by oxygen and nitrogen |
GB751551A (en) * | 1953-07-16 | 1956-06-27 | Molybdenum Corp | Production of iron and steel and composition therefor |
-
1956
- 1956-12-07 US US626822A patent/US2980529A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1818556A (en) * | 1927-12-17 | 1931-08-11 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Method for the purification of iron and steel |
US2113021A (en) * | 1935-02-25 | 1938-04-05 | Charles T Greenidge | Method of making aluminum alloys |
US2144200A (en) * | 1936-06-27 | 1939-01-17 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Method of manufacturing siliconiron alloys |
US2194965A (en) * | 1937-07-28 | 1940-03-26 | Electrochimie Electrometallurg | Process for the manufacture of complex silicon alloys |
US2272779A (en) * | 1939-12-27 | 1942-02-10 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Flash lamp |
US2360717A (en) * | 1942-11-27 | 1944-10-17 | Cerium Corp | Method of eliminating aluminate and silicate inclusions |
US2705196A (en) * | 1952-02-20 | 1955-03-29 | Manufacturers Chemical Corp | Process for de-oxidizing a molten metal |
GB751551A (en) * | 1953-07-16 | 1956-06-27 | Molybdenum Corp | Production of iron and steel and composition therefor |
FR1118336A (en) * | 1955-01-12 | 1956-06-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for improving the mechanical properties of metals of groups iva, va and via the periodic system, which are altered jointly or separately by oxygen and nitrogen |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3119159A (en) * | 1961-09-27 | 1964-01-28 | Gustad P Contractor | Method of removing aluminum oxides from aluminum-killed steels and steels produced by such method |
US3215814A (en) * | 1963-05-12 | 1965-11-02 | Air Reduction | Welding of high yield strength steel |
US3925061A (en) * | 1969-07-15 | 1975-12-09 | Asea Ab | Steel manufacture |
US3837842A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1974-09-24 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | A method for projecting pieces of a deoxidizing agent into molten steel |
US3871870A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1975-03-18 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel |
US3922166A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1975-11-25 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Alloying steel with highly reactive materials |
US4244736A (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1981-01-13 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Yttrium containing alloys |
US4289533A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1981-09-15 | National Research Institute For Metals | Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel |
US4162159A (en) * | 1978-04-18 | 1979-07-24 | Malashin Mikhail M | Cast iron modifier and method of application thereof |
US4560406A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-12-24 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for refining of chromium-containing molten steel |
US5000782A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1991-03-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Powder mixture for making yttrium enriched aluminide coatings |
US20060260719A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2006-11-23 | Toshiaki Mizoguchi | Steels product reduced in amount of alumina cluster |
US7776162B2 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2010-08-17 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steels with few alumina clusters |
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