US2978223A - Turbine apparatus - Google Patents

Turbine apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2978223A
US2978223A US790496A US79049659A US2978223A US 2978223 A US2978223 A US 2978223A US 790496 A US790496 A US 790496A US 79049659 A US79049659 A US 79049659A US 2978223 A US2978223 A US 2978223A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
casing
partitions
passageways
opening
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US790496A
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English (en)
Inventor
William E Keeney
William R Berry
Alvin L Stock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US790496A priority Critical patent/US2978223A/en
Priority to BE587206A priority patent/BE587206A/fr
Priority to FR817326A priority patent/FR1246675A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2978223A publication Critical patent/US2978223A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/047—Nozzle boxes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to elastic fluid turbine apparatus, especially steam turbines, and more particularly to an improved construction of the casing, the valve chest,
  • governor-controlled valves that are sequentially movable to open and close a plurality of flow paths between the chest and the passageways.
  • some valves will be open, otherswill be closed, and steam will flow'through those passageways open to the valve chest.
  • Anfinteg'rally castacavernous body is provided for conducting the elastic fiuid to nozzle 'grou'pswithin thecasing;
  • the cavernous body which may be of higher. strength material than the casing, 'compfisesavalve chest andwall structure including partitions definingfpassageways or'noz'zle boxes between the chest and the nozzle groups ⁇
  • the valve chest is formed integrally with the wall structure, as is a "circumferentially and, axially exthe casing, and
  • Thisaarfrangement permits portio'nsot thewall structure connect ing, the partitions teas grojup great-exp ns in without, imposing force ire'ction a .ings ii) as therearenozzle' groups 3i), Inthis ernbodi ment, there in .SlX.Q1 JH ll'l gS f'@ and six nozzle groups.- i ed n a horizontal ag;-
  • each group of passageways has conduit means providing restricted steam communication between its passageways so that the temperature difference between its partitions will be minirnized.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded, perspective view of the appar a tussof Fig. l, but with the nozzle groups removed; and, 1 Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line IVIV of Fig. 2.
  • an axial-flow steam turbine comprising a'cylinder or casing it which is formed about a horizontal axis and includes anjupper half 12 and a lowerhalf 14, these halves having'respectivefianges 16and18;
  • casing halves are joined together at the flanges by suitable boltsandhavea rotor 20 journalled therein and c0- "axially aligned therewith, A plurality of stages for extracting energy frornthesteamjis conventicmally provided 1 lay-cooperating, annular rows of blades, 'generallyindiesteem 22.
  • the usual annular seals 26 are provided betweenthe'rotor and casing parts v Pressurized steam is conducted through an opening inthe upper casing half 12 to groups oino'zzles an, ar-
  • the flange member 36 is adapted to iit a similar shapedopening .37 in theupper casing half 12 and their respective man ginal portions are joinedtogether by welding. The loation of the welded jointwill be discussed. hereinafter in greater detail.
  • Ihe'valv'e GhSP t 3 2' has inletopenings33, "adapted for.
  • the primary function of the wall structure 34 is to conduct the elastic fiuidfrom the outlet openings 40 in the valve chest 32 to the nozzle groups 30. Since some of the valves 42 may be in position to close some openings 40, while other openings are opened to the valve chest 32, it is desirable for the wall structure 34 to define a plurality of passageways 48 downstream of the chest between associated openings and nozzle groups. To this end, there is a series of horizontally spaced, internal partitions 46 included in the wall structure 34, which series extends transversely of the rotor axis and defines fluid passageways 48.
  • the lower casing half 14 is provided with two passageway extensions 49 for the purpose of completing the means for conducting steam from the valve chest 32 to the two nozzle groups 30 in the lower casing half 14.
  • a centrally disposed pair of partitions 46 also define a space 50 which divides the passageways 48 into two groups 52 and 54.
  • the end partitions 46 of the series are arranged in spaced relationship with the interior walls of the upper casing half 12. so that, as viewed in Fig. 2, there are left and right spaces 56 and 58, respectively, between the wall strucwhich members 59 extend transversely of the rotor axis and connect together the partitions 46 of each group. (See Fig. 4.)
  • the members 59 can elongate due to thermal expansion without buckling or damaging the casing because the spaces 50, 56 and S8 permit the unresisted elongation of the members 59 of either or both groups.
  • the wall structure 34 may be made from a stronger, through more expensive, material, since the wall structure is made separately from the upper casing half 12. Furthermore, the spaces 56 and 58 are provided without having to use a coring process during casting of the body 28, as is required for making the space 50.
  • the cavernous body 28 includes a flange member 36 formed integrally with the wall structure 34 and welded to portions of the upper casing half bounding the opening 37 therein.
  • the flange member. 36 is of arcuate'shape and extends axially and circumferentially about the retor axis, as do the surrounding wall portions to which it is welded.
  • the line of jointure between welded parts is axially and circumferentially aligned with the wall portions bounding the opening 37 in order to preserve the axial integrity of the upper casing half 12. As can be seen in Fig.
  • the partitions 46 reinforce the wall structure 34 in axial direction, since portions of the partitions 46 are in axial alignment with the upper casing half 12, the welded joint, and the flange member 36.
  • Fig. 1 visualizing steam forces within the casing 10' operating in axial, outwardly opposite directions on the end walls thereof; these forces tend to separate the easing into two halves along a circumferential line extending through the opening 37.
  • the cavernous bedyQB furtherincludes conduit means
  • the manifold 60 may be used for forming the manifold 60 it is most conveniently formed during the casting of the cavernous body 28 by a coring process that is well known in the foundry art.
  • the purpose of the manifold 60 is to bleed a small quantity of inlet steam from any passageway 48 open to the valve chest 32 and deliver it to the closed or inactive passageways in the same group in order to heat their wall structure. Preheating of the wall structure prevents it from suffering a thermal shock, that is, a large temperature gradient in a short period of time, as a result of the sudden opening of the closed passageway and introducing high temperature steam thereto.
  • Preheating also minimizes the temperature difference between the partitions 46 of a closed passageway in the situation where one of its partitions is in common with an open passageway through which hot steam is flowing.
  • the partitions 4-6 of a closed passageway undergo a similar amount of thermal expansion and the portions of the wall members 59 connecting them do not warp.
  • valves 42 associated with the right-hand group of passageways 48 are arranged to open in succession from left to right, and it follows that elastic fluid will flow through the left-hand passageway before the other two in that group.
  • the common partition 46 between an open and closed passageway would be much hotter than the other partition of the closed passageway were it not for the small quantity of steam issuing from the manifold 60 into the closed passageway.
  • thermal cycling a condition known as thermal cycling may be caused, wherein one passageway will be continually open to the valve chest 32, and an adjacent passageway will be alternately opened and closed to the valve chest, thus subjecting the portions of the wall members 59 connecting the partitions of the alternately opened and closed passageway to alternating bending moments. Without preheating, thermal cycling can cause a fatigue failure in this portion of the wall member '59.
  • the manifold 60 provides a solution to this problem.
  • the spacing of the passageways 48 from the upper casing half 12 prevents buckling of the members 59 and the transfer of forces to the casing when the members 59 elongate due to, thermal expansion; the preheating of the passage ways 48, by means of the manifold 60,reduces the temperat'ure difference between adjacent partitions 46 and minimizes the chances of the wall members 59 failing from fatigue; and the structural arrangement lends itself well to inexpensive fabrication, while not impairing the strength of the casing 10 for resisting axial forces tending to separate the casing in two halves along a circumferential line through the opening 37. 7
  • a casing In an elastic-fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor, blading carried by the rotor and the casing, said casing including a wall portion formed about the rotor axis and being exteriorly of the casing, said conducting means comprising a plurality of nozzle groups, a valve'chest, and Wall c ludingan exterior surface portion which fits said open; ingand is joined to the margin of said wall portion communication between the passageways48 of each of.
  • a casing In an axial-flow elastic-fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor having a row of blades, said casing including a wall portion formed about the rotor axis and being provided with an opening in said wall portion, an annular array of nozzle groups positioned upstream of said blades, a cavernous body extending through said opening for conducting elastic fluid to the nozzle groups from a source of pressurized fluid exteriorly of the casing, said body being integrally formed and comprising a valve chest, wall structure connected to said valve chest and defining a series of fluid passageways downstream of the chest, and an axially and circumferentially extending flange member connected to said wall structure and fitting said opening, said wall structure including a series of partitions which are spaced from each other and the casing, said series extending transversely with respect to said rotor axis, there being two spaced partitions disposed between at least one pair of neighboring passageways, the margin of said flange member and the margin of said wall portion bound
  • a casing In an axial-flow elastic-fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor, said casing including a tubular wall portion formed about the rotor axis and being provided with an arcuate opening in said wall portion, means including an annular array of nozzle groups and a cavernous body extending through said opening for conducting elastic fluid from the exterior to the interior of the casing, said body including a valve chest, wall structure integrally formed with said valve chest and defining a series of fluid passageways extending from the chest to the respective nozzle groups, and means connecting said wall structure to said tubular portion adjacent said opening, said wall structure including a series of horizontally spaced partitions which extends transversely with respect to said' rotor axis, there being two spaced partitions centrally disposed in said series between at least one pair of neighboring passageways, said two spaced partitions dividing the series into two groups each comprising a plurality of passageways, and means providing restricted communication between the passageways of each group.
  • a horizontal-axis rotor a casing, blading carried by the rotor and the casing, said casing having an opening formed therein, an annular array of arcuate nozzle groups positioned upstream of the blading, a cavernous body extending through said opening for conducting steam to the nozzle groups, a welded connection between the body and a portion of said casing bounding the opening therein;
  • said body comprising a valve chest having an inlet opening and as many outlet openings as there are nozzle groups, wall structure including horizontally spaced partitions integrally formed with'said valve chest and defining steam passageways downstream of the respective outlet openings, valves for the respective outlet openings movable in succession to open and close said outlet openings, there being two partitions defining a space between at least two groups of neighboring passageways, and conduit means formed in said body providing restricted steam communication between the passageways of each group.
  • a horizontal-axis rotor a casing including an upper half and a lower half, blading carried by the rotor and the casing, said upper casing half having an opening formed therein, an annular array of arcuate nozzle groups positioned upstream of the blading, a cavernous body extending through said opening for conducting steam to the nozzle groups; said body comprising a valve chest having an inlet opening and as many outlet openings as there are nozzle groups, valves for the respective outlet openings movable in succession to open and close said outlet openings, wall structure including horizontally spaced partitions integrally formed with said valve chest and defining steam passageways, there being one passageway between respective ones of said outlet openings and said nozzle groups, and an axially and circumferentially extending flange member formed integrally with said wall structure to fit the opening in said upper casing half and being joined to the margin of said upper casing half bounding the opening therein, said partitions being spaced from said upper cas
US790496A 1959-02-02 1959-02-02 Turbine apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2978223A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US790496A US2978223A (en) 1959-02-02 1959-02-02 Turbine apparatus
BE587206A BE587206A (fr) 1959-02-02 1960-02-02 Turbines
FR817326A FR1246675A (fr) 1959-02-02 1960-02-02 Appareillage de turbine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US790496A US2978223A (en) 1959-02-02 1959-02-02 Turbine apparatus

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US2978223A true US2978223A (en) 1961-04-04

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US (1) US2978223A (fr)
BE (1) BE587206A (fr)
FR (1) FR1246675A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3580691A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-05-25 Carrier Corp Vibration absorbing throttle lift bar
US3642381A (en) * 1969-03-26 1972-02-15 Siemens Ag Turbine, especially steam turbine, with nozzle group control and flow admission crest
US5823742A (en) * 1995-12-15 1998-10-20 Dresser-Rand Company Variable and bidirectional steam flow apparatus and method
WO1999058819A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Dresser-Rand Company Carter d'admission de turbine et procede de fabrication associe
US6099246A (en) * 1998-01-27 2000-08-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Admission section of a turbine casing

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2294127A (en) * 1941-04-10 1942-08-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine nozzle chamber construction
US2304993A (en) * 1941-06-20 1942-12-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Steam turbine apparatus
US2308897A (en) * 1941-07-10 1943-01-19 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine cylinder apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2294127A (en) * 1941-04-10 1942-08-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine nozzle chamber construction
US2304993A (en) * 1941-06-20 1942-12-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Steam turbine apparatus
US2308897A (en) * 1941-07-10 1943-01-19 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Turbine cylinder apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3642381A (en) * 1969-03-26 1972-02-15 Siemens Ag Turbine, especially steam turbine, with nozzle group control and flow admission crest
US3580691A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-05-25 Carrier Corp Vibration absorbing throttle lift bar
US5823742A (en) * 1995-12-15 1998-10-20 Dresser-Rand Company Variable and bidirectional steam flow apparatus and method
US6099246A (en) * 1998-01-27 2000-08-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Admission section of a turbine casing
WO1999058819A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-18 Dresser-Rand Company Carter d'admission de turbine et procede de fabrication associe
US6071073A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-06-06 Dresser-Rand Company Method of fabricating a turbine inlet casing and the turbine inlet casing
EP1086299A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 2001-03-28 Dresser-Rand Company Carter d'admission de turbine et procede de fabrication associe
AU749624B2 (en) * 1998-05-14 2002-06-27 Dresser-Rand Company A method for fabricating a turbine inlet casing and the turbine inlet casing
EP1086299A4 (fr) * 1998-05-14 2003-05-21 Dresser Rand Co Carter d'admission de turbine et procede de fabrication associe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1246675A (fr) 1960-11-18
BE587206A (fr) 1960-05-30

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